A ____ is one type of malicious software program that disrupts or destroys existing programs and networks.

Answers

Answer 1

A virus is one type of malicious software program that disrupts or destroys existing programs and networks.

A virus is a type of malicious software that is designed to infect and damage computer systems. It spreads by attaching itself to other programs or files and replicates when those files are accessed or executed. Once activated, the virus can disrupt or destroy existing programs and networks, causing various issues such as data corruption, system crashes, or even rendering the system inoperable.

Viruses can be spread through various means, including email attachments, infected websites, or shared files. They can be particularly harmful because they can self-replicate and spread rapidly, infecting multiple computers within a network. Antivirus software and regular system updates are essential for protecting against viruses and minimizing their impact.

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Related Questions

Do you think that smart televisions are going to replace media players?

Answers

Answer:

yes because smart television give more information

What is Digital Etiquette? Explain in your own words

Answers

Answer:

rules about the best way to communicate

Explanation

rules about being proper and polite

What is the difference between the complete scan and the resident shield?

Answers

A complete scan and resident shield are two types of antivirus scans. The main difference between them is that a complete scan checks all files and folders on your computer, while a resident shield scans only files as they are accessed or modified.

A complete scan is a thorough antivirus scan that checks all files and folders on your computer's hard drive. This scan examines all of your system's files to detect viruses, malware, and other threats that may be present. A complete scan is time-consuming and can take several hours to complete, depending on the size of your hard drive.

As you work on your computer and open or modify files, the resident shield scans the files for malicious code and alerts you if any are found. This type of scan is very useful because it provides immediate protection against threats that may try to infect your computer while you're working on it.

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Topic: Drivers ed 100 points and brainliest!

list at least three examples of modern technology. Explain why you believe it is beneficial to the driver and/or passenger and how it helps make the roads a safer place to travel.

Answers

Answer: Ill explain it!

Explanation: Modern technology is extremely beneficial to drivers because the modern cars have sensors that detect the range of other cars, when they stop and you might not see or be ready for it, your car will slam the brakes for you, this alone saves many lives. Another is like a Tesla with autopilot. Lets say for example one day your really sleepy or dont feel good, its a stress to keep the car straight. You could turn on autopilot and it could assist you with your driving, and their system has shown to be for the most part very beneficial and responsive. I would say another would be cameras above traffic lights watching for speeders and getting their license plates. This is important because people who are being risky and causing hazards on the road will get a fat ticket and will be seeing court. They are less likely to run a red light if they see a camera watching. I hope this helps you!

Air bags

The air bags get opened when any collision happens by which the driver as well as passengers remain safe

Automatic braking

When any emergency situation arises the system automatically applies emergency brakes

Blind spot detectors

These sensor alarm th driver about that they can't see in forward or backward directions

What is incorrect about the following code? Suggest a possible revision of the code to correct the error.
Xtrengoazbside Thai to deliveza! pstrong>

Answers

This is really cool but no one cares

please help me out with answering the questions

please help me out with answering the questions

Answers

10.

if "h" in letter:

   #do something

11.

if value >= 13.6:

   #do something

12.

if 5 < y < 11:

   #do something

13.

if num1 == num2:

   print("equal")

14.

num1 = int(input("Enter a number: "))

num2 = int(input("Enter a number: "))

if num1 > num2:

   print(num1)

else:

   print(num2)

15.

if number == 89 or number == 78:

   print("Your number is equal to 89 or 78")

I hope this helps! If you have any other questions, I'll do my best to answer them.

smart tv has _____ intergrated with it

Answers

Answer:

an operating system

Explanation:

Horacio is new to the Web and is concerned about his privacy while using a web browser. Which of these steps would NOT increase his privacy?

Answers

Using an outdated web browser would NOT increase Horacio's privacy. Outdated browsers may have security vulnerabilities that can be exploited by malicious actors to track his online activities or steal his personal information.

Updating the web browser regularly is essential as it ensures that security patches and enhancements are applied, reducing the risk of privacy breaches. On the other hand, using private browsing mode, enabling browser extensions for privacy and security, such as ad-blockers or VPNs, clearing browsing history and cookies, and being cautious while sharing personal information online are all steps that can increase Horacio's privacy while using a web browser.

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Applying patches is much easier today because of the advent of:
Group of answer choices

the internet.

HD monitors.

soldering kits.

vaporware.

Answers

Answer:

A. The internet.

Explanation:

Patches can be defined as software updates released by developers to add new features, upgrade software, install new drivers and fix notable functionality issues (software bugs) associated with an installed software application. These software patches are usually made available on the software developer's website and other third-party platforms for download by the end users.

Hence, through the availability of a network connection (internet), patches are uploaded to the cloud or file server by the software manufacturer or developer for continuous and easy access (download) to all interested users. Thus, applying patches is much easier today because of the advent of the internet.

NEEDED ASAP
1. What are shortcut keys?
2. Mention 5 Examples of shortcut keys and their functions
3. Create a table and put the description for the following shortcut keys.
Shortcut Keys
i. Ctrl+Esc
ii. Ctrl+Shift+Esc
iii. Alt+F4
iv. Ctrl H
v. Ctrl E
4. Give three importance of shortcut keys
5. Are shortcut keys helpful? Explain your answer in not less than five lines.

Answers

Explanation:

1. special key combination that causes specific commands to be executed typically shortcut keys combine the ctrl or alt keys with some other keys.

2. 5 example of shortcut keys are:-

1. ctrl + A - select all2.ctrl + B - bold3. ctrl + C - copy 4. ctrl + U - under line 5. ctrl + v - paste

3. (i) open the start menu

(ii) open Windows task manager

(iii) close the currently active program

(iv) replace

(v) align center

4. the three importance of shortcut keys are :

efficient and time saving :- using shortcut make you more efficient at doing certain task on your computer .multi-tasking :- being a multi Tasker is something required in life.health benefit :- cutting down on your mouse usage by using keyboard shortcut can help reduce the risk of RSI (Repetitive Syndrome Injury).

5. shortcut keys are very helpful because it take less time. keyboard shortcuts are generally used to expedite common operation by reducing input sequence to a few keystrokes.

Answer:

all of the above is correct

Explanation:

Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu.

What are the chief contributions of artificial intelligence in the field of robotics?

The two chief contributions of artificial intelligence in the field of robotics are (blank)

and (blank) .


tab one: writing, learning,reading

tab two: perception, intuition, emotion

Answers

The two chief contributions of artificial intelligence in the field of robotics are perception and learning. Options A and B are answers.

Artificial intelligence has made significant contributions in the field of robotics by enabling machines to perceive and interpret their surroundings using various sensors and algorithms. This perception is critical to the robot's ability to navigate, manipulate objects, and interact with its environment. Additionally, AI has enabled robots to learn from their experiences and adapt to new situations, making them more versatile and capable of handling a wide range of tasks. Option A (perception) and Option B (learning) are the correct answers.

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what is authenticity​

Answers

Answer:

the quality of being authentic

Explanation:

Chatbots are primarily responsible for _______.

thinking outside the box with customers

using instant messaging to collect email addresses and provide information about the company’s products

conducting all customer service interactions for the company

identifying customer requests so that a live agent can respond at a later time

Answers

Chat bots are primarily responsible for conducting all customer service interactions for the company. They use artificial intelligence to understand and respond to customer queries, providing efficient and effective customer support.

Chat bots are programmed to engage in conversations with customers through various communication channels, such as websites or messaging apps. When a customer interacts with a chat bot, it uses artificial intelligence and natural language processing to understand the customer's query or request.

Chat bots can handle a large volume of customer interactions simultaneously, making them efficient and scalable for companies with a high volume of customer inquiries.If the chat bot cannot resolve a customer's issue, it can escalate the conversation to a live agent for further assistance.In summary, chat bots are primarily responsible for conducting customer service interactions for a company.

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2. In the RACI model, which role offers insights or expertise to help others complete project tasks?

Answers

In the RACI model, the role which offers insights or expertise to help others complete project tasks is consulted.

What is a RACI model?

RACI model is also referred to as a RACI chart or RACI matrix and it can be defined as a diagram that is used as a graphical (visual) representation to indicate and identify the fundamental roles and responsibilities of users with respect to major tasks within a project.

In project management, RACI is an acronym for the following:

ResponsibleAccountableConsultedInformed

In the RACI model, the role which offers insights or expertise to help others complete project tasks is consulted because he or she is a subject matter or project topic expert.

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A(n) ________ CPU has two processing paths, allowing it to process more than one instruction at a time. Group of answer choices dual-core bimodal all-in-one dual-mode Flag question: Question 79 Question 791 pts ________ is concerned with the design and arrangement of machines and furniture to avoid uncomfortable or unsafe experiences. Group of answer choices Repetitive strain prevention Ergonomics Positioning Occupational safety

Answers

Answer:

A dual CPU has two processing paths, allowing it to process more than one instruction at a time.

Ergonomics is concerned with the design and arrangement of machines and furniture to avoid uncomfortable or unsafe experiences.

hey guy i have to write 300 hundred words on why people should visit japan and i currently have 169 do ya'll have anything i can add?this is what i have so far.
Japan, in my view, would be the perfect place to visit. Japan has one of the lowest crime rates in the world, thus it is also one of the safest places in the world. Japanese is widely spoken in Japan. The three systems in Japanese are known as hiragana, katakana, and kanji.Many English speakers regard Japanese as one of the most difficult languages to learn.Japan can be found in either Northeast Asia or East Asia.In Japan, people have a practice of celebrating festivals every year. They celebrate with fireworks, dancing, and other activities.... Sushi is Japan's most frequent and famous culinary export, and to be honest, I adore Japan since they developed one of my favorite meals, a teriyaki rice bowl, however even though I haven't been there, I buy some from Jack in the Box and it's really amazing. Japan is the world's oldest and most beautiful civilization, and I would absolutely go there. If you’re thinking about taking a holiday, consider going to japan.

Answers

It won’t let me show you this since apparently it’s “a wrong answer”
hey guy i have to write 300 hundred words on why people should visit japan and i currently have 169 do

PLS HURRY!!
Look at the image below

PLS HURRY!!Look at the image below

Answers

Answer:

1. A function can use variables as parameters.

2. A function can have more than one parameter.

3. The definition of a function must come before where the function is used.

Explanation:

The definition of a function can come before or after it is used - I am pretty sure it cannot be placed after the function is being used. It should always come before it is used, so this statement is false.

A function can use variables as parameters - this is true, variables are just labels to hold data.

A function can have more than one parameter - this is true.

A function must have a return value - functions do not always have to return values. It could simply print, so this statement is false.

The definition of a function must come before where the function is used - As said earlier, the definition of functions must come before it is used/called. This statement is true.

Hope this helps :)

write the order of tasks that each person completes in order to make mashed potatoes in the shortest time. in order to format your answer, write the sequence of tasks each person does, with commas between tasks of one person, and semicolons between task lists of different people. for example, if you submit 0,1,2,4;3,5, person 0 will do tasks 0, 1, 2, and 4 (in that order), and person 1 will do tasks 3 and 5 (in that order). this will take 33 minutes total. you may add spaces, and order the task lists in any order. for example, the autograder will consider the above answer as equivalent to the submission 3,5;0,1,2,4 and the submission 0, 1, 2 ,4 ;3 ,5

Answers

To make mashed potatoes in the shortest time, the tasks can be divided among multiple people. Here is one possible distribution of tasks:

Person 1: Peel and chop potatoes, Boil water, Drain potatoes, Mash potatoesPerson 2: Set the table, Prepare butter and milk, Season mashed potatoe Person 3: Make gravy, Serve mashed potatoes and gravyThe sequence of tasks for each person can be represented as follows:Person 1: Peel and chop potatoes, Boil water, Drain potatoes, Mash potatoesPerson 2: Set the table, Prepare butter and milk, Season mashed potatoesPerson 3: Make gravy, Serve mashed potatoes and gravyNote: The order of the task lists can be rearranged, and spaces can be added for clarity. The autograder will consider answers with equivalent task sequences as correct.

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Why won't my brainly account level up?

Answers

Well, you need to have 5 brainiest answers plus 500 points. So, in order to level up in brainly you need 500 plus 5 brainiest.

What is brainly?

Brainly is a Polish company with headquarters in New York City. It is a social learning platform where millions of students and teachers work together to solve academic problems. The mission of Brainly is to encourage students to share and explore knowledge in a collaborative environment.

It can also be used to ask and answer homework questions by students, parents, and teachers. The platform includes n elements such as points and ranks. It encourages users to participate in the online community by answering questions posted by other users. Brainly reported 350 million monthly users as of November 2020, making it the most popular education app in the world.

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Answer:

This is because to level up, you need a certain number of points and brainliest answers! To get this you can always keep answering questions to get your points up and whenever you complete an answer which is superior than any other, the user may choose to give you brainliest!

Hope this helps, have a lovely day! :)

A large company such as a retail store or airline reservation system uses a ______ computer that acts as the central computer in a network.

Answers

Answer:

A large company such as a retail store or airline reservation system uses a mainframe computer that acts as the central computer in a network.

Explanation:

Mainframe computers are often used as servers. They are high-performance computers used for large-scale computing purposes that require more availability and security than what a smaller-scale machines can offer.

4.2 Code Practice: Question 2
Instructions
Write a loop that continually asks the user what pets the user has until the user enters rock, in which case the loop ends. It should acknowledge the user in the following format. For the first pet, it should say You have a dog with a total of 1 pet(s) if they enter dog, and so on.

Sample Run
What pet do you have? lemur
What pet do you have? parrot
What pet do you have? cat
What pet do you have? rock
------------
Sample Output
You have a lemur with a total of 1 pet(s)
You have a parrot with a total of 2 pet(s)
You have a cat with a total of 3 pet(s)

Answers

In python 3:

total = 0

while True:

   pet = input("What pet do you have? ")

   if pet == "rock":

       break

   total += 1

   print("You have a {} with a total of {} pet(s)".format(pet, total))

I hope this helps!

Answer:

pet = input(str("What pet do you have?"))

totalPets = 1

while(pet!="rock"):

  print("You have a " + str(pet) + " with a total of " + str(int(totalPets)) + " pet(s)")

  totalPets = totalPets+ 1

  pet = input(str("What pet do you have?"))

Why do you think a graphic designer might have a hard time seeing eye to eye with a copywriter?

Answers

Answer:

brainliest me plsss

Explanation:

Graphic designers may not see eye to eye with a copywriter because they already work so closely together they may clash heads on ideas when it comes to blending the text and graphics to complete the final details on a project.

What are the differences between save and save as
in four points.​

Answers

Answer:

The main difference between Save and Save As is that Save helps to update the lastly preserved file with the latest content while Save As helps to store a new file or to store an existing file to a new location with the same name or a different name

Answer:

The key difference among Save and Save As would be that Save aims to update the current content of the last stored file, whereas Save As aims to save a new folder or to save an existing file to a new place with the identical name or another title.

all you do is save and save .as you would be that save aims to update the current  content of the last  stored file to a new place with the identical

Explanation:

Use a method from the JOptionPane class to request values from values from the user to initialise variables of election objects and assign this objects to the array the array must be fiiled

Answers

Here is an example of how to utilize JOptionPane to obtain values from a user in order to initialize variables of election objects and assign these objects to an array that is then filled:
```

import javax.swing.JOptionPane;

public class Election {
 String candidateName;
 String politicalParty;
 int numberOfVotes;

 public Election() {

   candidateName = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Enter the candidate name: ");
   politicalParty = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Enter the political party: ");
   numberOfVotes = Integer.parseInt(JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Enter the number of votes: "));
 }
  public static void main(String[] args) {

   Election[] electionArray = new Election[3];
      for (int i = 0; i < electionArray.length; i++) {
     electionArray[i] = new Election();
    }
}
```

The JOptionPane class is a part of the Java Swing class which is used to generate popup boxes that are able to display information messages, accept user input, and obtain user confirmation. The showMessageDialog(), showInputDialog(), and showConfirmDialog() methods are some of the most frequently used methods of the JOptionPane class when it comes to acquiring values from a user. Here is an example of how to utilize JOptionPane to obtain values from a user in order to initialize variables of election objects and assign these objects to an array that is then filled:
```

import javax.swing.JOptionPane;

public class Election {
 String candidateName;
 String politicalParty;
 int numberOfVotes;

 public Election() {

   candidateName = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Enter the candidate name: ");
   politicalParty = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Enter the political party: ");
   numberOfVotes = Integer.parseInt(JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Enter the number of votes: "));
 }
  public static void main(String[] args) {

   Election[] electionArray = new Election[3];
      for (int i = 0; i < electionArray.length; i++) {
     electionArray[i] = new Election();
    }
}
```

This code initializes an Election object with values obtained from the user via the JOptionPane showInputDialog() method and then assigns that object to an array. The for loop fills the array with three Election objects.

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Which of the following numbers might this code generate: random.randint(1,9)?

0
10
11
1

Answers

Answer:

1

Explanation:

In Python programming language, the random.randint function is an abbreviation for random integers.

Basically, the random.randint is used for generating or creating a random integer numbers.

The syntax for this code can be written as;

A = random.randint(1,9)

Print ("Random number between 1 and 9 is % s" % (A))

Note, the numbers between 1 and 9 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9.

From the answer choices given (0, 1, 10 and 11), the only number that matches the requirement is 1.

Therefore, the number this code random.randint (1,9) might generate is 1.

Takes a 3-letter String parameter. Returns true if the second and
third characters are “ix”

Python and using function

Answers

Answer:

def ix(s):

   return s[1:3]=="ix"

Explanation:

Describe the type correctness and inference rules in C for the conditional expression:
e1 ? e2 : e3
Must e2 and e3 have the same type? If they have the same type, can it be any type?

Answers

If e2 and e3 have the same type, it can be any type, as long as it is compatible with the rules for the conditional expression.

The type correctness and inference rules in C for the conditional expression e1 ? e2 : e3 are as follows:

e1 must be a scalar type (e.g., an integer or a float), as it is a condition to be evaluated.e2 and e3 don't necessarily have to be of the same type, but they should be compatible types, which means that they can be implicitly converted to a common type during the evaluation of the conditional expression.If e2 and e3 have the same type, it can be any type, as long as it is compatible with the rules for the conditional expression.

Here is a step-by-step explanation of how the type correctness and inference rules work in C for the conditional expression:

Evaluate the expression e1. If it's true (non-zero), proceed to step 2. If it's false (zero), proceed to step 3.

If e1 is true, the result of the conditional expression is the value of e2. If e2 and e3 have the same type or are compatible, no conversion is needed, and the expression's type is the type of e2.If e1 is false, the result of the conditional expression is the value of e3. If e2 and e3 have the same type or are compatible, no conversion is needed, and the expression's type is the type of e3.If e2 and e3 have different but compatible types, the usual arithmetic conversions are applied to convert them to a common type. The expression's type is the resulting common type.

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What types of customizations have you or would you make to your operating system, and why?

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

I have made a couple of customizations to my OS, which is Windows 10. The first being that I activated dark mode, this feature turns the entire OS into a dark-themed color, including apps and menus. This makes using the computer for extended hours much easier on the eyes. The other very important customization I added was a hover taskbar. This allows me to add many important shortcuts to the taskbar which all appear when I hover over the taskbar. It makes my desktop much cleaner and I have quick and easy access to my most important applications.

An Administrator wants to make a list of all prospects who complete the Contact Us form but only wants them to be added the first time they complete the form. If a prospect is ever removed from the list, they shouldn't be able to get added back to it. What is the best way to create this type of list

Answers

Answer:

The answer to this question can be defined as follows:

Explanation:

The easiest way to build such a list is by using an algorithm rule, where the prospects who complete the form are then matched with the rule and added to the list because the developer would also like to list of the all applicants, who fill out all the contact us Application, but still only prefer to also have them added when they fill-up the form first. When an outlook is ever omitted from the list, it should not be included.

4. Calculate the standard deviation for the following data set: Foundations of Technology Engineering byDesi OITEEA . . Data Set = 4, 14, 6, 2, 7, 12 217 ,​

Answers

Answer:

\(\sigma_x = 5.68\)

Explanation:

Given

\(x = 4, 14, 6, 2, 7, 12 2,17\)

Required

The standard deviation

First, calculate the mean

\(\bar x =\frac{\sum x}{n}\)

So, we have:

\(\bar x = \frac{4+ 14+ 6+ 2+ 7+ 12 +2+17}{8}\)

\(\bar x = \frac{64}{8}\)

\(\bar x = 8\)

The standard deviation is:

\(\sigma_x = \sqrt{\frac{\sum(x - \bar x)^2}{n-1}}\)

So, we have:

\(\sigma_x = \sqrt{\frac{(4 - 8)^2+ (14 - 8)^2+ (6 - 8)^2+ (2 - 8)^2+ (7 - 8)^2+ (12 - 8)^2+ (2 - 8)^2+ (17 - 8)^2}{8-1}}\)

\(\sigma_x = \sqrt{\frac{226}{7}}\)

\(\sigma_x = \sqrt{32.2857}\)

\(\sigma_x = 5.68\)

Other Questions
I WILL GIVE BRAIN LIST TO BEST ANSWER AND HURRY NO LINKS OR SCAMS ANSWER CORRECTLY!!!!!!! The map shows the plate tectonic and water features in East Africa.How will Earths processes and water movement affect Earths surface along the East African rift zone?Select all of the correct answers.(MORE THAN ONE)As the plates move together, Lake Victoria will flood and erode the land along the rift.As the plates move together, Lake Victoria will flood and erode the land along the rift.As the plates move apart, nearby sea and ocean water will flood and erode the land.As the plates move apart, sea levels will rise in the Red Sea, eroding coastlines.As the plates move apart, seawater will erode the land underneath the rift zone, creating caves.As the plates move together, tsunamis will flood and erode the land.As the plates move apart, volcanic activity will shape the land along the rift as magma rises through plate fissures.Skip to navigation Compared to a manager, a leader is more likely to do which of the following?A: Assess how well a task has been completed.B: Assign tasks for employees to follow.C: Create a new safety manual.D: Develop an employee for future promotion. How did people make clothes, dishes and furniture before the IndustrialRevolution A research study analyzed the health records of over 95,727 children. They divided the children at each age(2, 3, 4, or 5 years) into vaccinated for MMR and not vaccinated. 15,000 children were not vaccinated at age 2 and 8,000 remained not vaccinated at age 5. The autism rate for each group at each age was determined. The researchers found no association between the MMR vaccination and increased risk of autism spectrum disorder(ASD). This study is an Graph the line y= 12x3. Which of the following is recommended for the conclusion of your essay Write the improper fraction as a mixed number in simplest form. 11/2 Plz help!! Will be marked BRAINLIEST if right Is photocopying a document similar to DNA replication? Think of the original materials, the copying process, and the final products. Explain how the two processes are alike. Identify major differences. once you have a flame that is burning safely and steadily, you can expirment by completly closing the ports at the base of the burner. what effect does this have n the flame In eukaryotes, but not in prokaryotes, ribosomes find the start site of translation by __________. Which option is an example of deductive reasoning? A. Carrots are orange. Oranges are orange. Therefore, oranges are carrots, O B. Tim always wears a hat. Therefore, he will not wear a hat tomorrow C. Cities are populated. Chicago is a city. Therefore, Chicago is populated OD. I always get tired at 3 o'clock. Therefore, I will get tired at 3 o'clock today What did the states pledge to do under the articles of confederation ? A group of students conducted several trials of an experiment to study Newtons second law of motion. They concluded that tripling the mass required tripling the net force applied. What quantity were the students holding constant?net forceacceleration what is the molar concentration of cl- when 0.20 mol of zncl2 are dissolved in enough water to prepare 3.0 l of solution Please provide the proper answer needed within 30 mins. Please help.Betty and Mike are roommates. Betty has to attend his class but his laptop is not working. He knows Mikes laptop password, and he decided to use Mike's laptop to attend the class. Do you find ethical and moral issues in this situation? Was this a good call from Betty to do this action? Justify your answer. Identify and explain the clauses you have learnt in this unit which relate to your answer. Lisa stops at a convenience store to buy a cup of coffee. She has to pay with pennies, which irritates the people behind her. The rude comments she hears reinforces that fact that Lisa broke a social Could someone help me with my math?? Neville says, "I add because of the wordsin all. The answer is 9 pencils." Anthony says,"I multiply because there are equal groups.The answer is 18 pencils." Who is correct?Explain. The idea that police are members of the public who should protect the community from within rather than view the community as a potential threat best describesA. The guardian mindsetB. The soldier mindsetC. The warrior mindsetD. The caretaker mindset Select the two that are True: 1. When the firm is in financial distress, stockholders have an incentive to underinvest. That's because underinvesting means that they would be contributing nothing to the project today (while the bondholders would be contributing the full amount of the required initial cost) but receive part of the project's future cash flow. 2. The signaling theory says that by taking a new loan the firm sends a positive signal to the investors that the firm is not in financial distress. 3. Under the pecking order theory firms try to avoid sending signals to the investors, which is the opposite from what the signaling theory says. 4. Studies have shown that some firms choose their capital structure in such a way that it brings the most after-tax cash to its investors. For example, if a firm faces a 15% corporate income tax rate, its stockholders face a 20% income tax rate, and its creditors face a 35% tax rate, then such firm may choose to have more debt.