Which of these accurately describes a difference between cancer cells and normal cells?
A. Cancer cells divide less frequently.
B. Cancer cells lack the ordered arrangement of normal cells.
C. Cancer cells have a consistent size and shape.
D. Cancer cell nuclei are always small and rounded in shape.
Answers
This effectively encapsulates the distinction between cancer cells and normal cells: cancer cells lack the orderly structure of regular cells.
Growth, communication, cell repair and death, "stickiness" and spread, appearance, maturation, immune system evasion, function, and blood supply are the main distinctions between healthy cells and malignant cells.In terms of growth, appearance, and function inside the body, cancer cells vary from normal cells. Even though cancer is frequent, a normal cell must pass through a number of stages before it develops cancer. The differences between cancer cells and typical, healthy cells will be discussed in this article. It discusses the fundamental variations in cell growth and communication between cancer cells and normal cells.
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Related Questions
Starting from the sun, create a food chain including at least three organisms. Explain how energy is transferred through the chain.
Answers
Answer: Sun -> Grass -> Grasshopper -> Sparrow
Sun provides energy through photosynthesis for the grass to grow.
The grasshopper eats the grass and obtains energy from it.
The sparrow eats the grasshopper and obtains energy from it.
Energy is transferred through the chain through the process of consumption. Each organism in the food chain obtains energy by consuming the organism below it in the chain. The sun is the primary source of energy, and it is transferred through the chain through the process of photosynthesis in plants, then through the process of consumption in animals.
Answer:
Food chain is the process of of eaten and being eaten which involves the flow of energy.
Sun-plants-grasshopper-snake-egale.
What is the 10% law of energy transfer?
As per to this rule, the 10% of transfer of energy is transmitted from one trophic level to the next trophic level.
The rest of the energy is lost during transfer of energy and during respiration. The first trophic level has the maximum energy.
Thus, Sun-plants-grasshopper-snake-egale, show the flow of energy.
How do seismic waves help scientists determine the structures of Earth’s interior?
Seismic waves travel through different materials at different speeds.
Seismic waves activate the Earth’s magnetic field.
Seismic waves travel through meteorite remains at different speeds.
Seismic waves carry materials from Earth’s mantle across the Earth and to the surface.
Answers
Seismic waves can help scientists to determine the structures of Earth’s interior because: A. Seismic waves travel through different materials at different speeds.
What is an epicenter?An epicenter can be defined as the point on the surface of planet Earth, which is typically perpendicular to the hypocenter (focus) and it indicates where the seismic waves from an earthquake are most intense.
Similarly, the location of an earthquake’s epicenter and seismic waves are used as an evidence to study Earth’s interior (inner core).
In conclusion, seismic waves can help scientists to determine the structures of Earth’s interior because they travel through different materials at different speeds.
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Answer:
Seismic waves travel through different materials at different speeds.
Explanation:
what organisms make up the ecological community identified
Answers
An ecological community is made up of different types of organisms in a place. An ecological community is a trophic structure made up of trophic compartments and is the collection of organisms in groups that feed and are devoured by one another from a theoretical systems perspective (food chain and food web).
A forest community is made up of all of the trees, the plant community, birds, squirrels, deer, foxes, fungi, and fish in a forest stream, insects, and any other local or seasonal species.
What about organisms?A living human, plant, or animal that is capable of carrying out life's processes thanks to organs with unique roles but interdependent relationships. Something with numerous connected pieces that work as a unit.Humans are most often biologically similar to other living things. A living creature that has an organized structure, is capable of responding to stimuli, can reproduce, develop, adapt, and preserve homeostasis is referred to as an organism. Therefore, every animal, plant, fungus, protist, bacterium, or archaeon found on Earth would be considered an organism. Taxonomy separates species into protists, bacteria, and archaea, which are unicellular microorganisms, or multicellular animals, plants, and fungi. Although there are about 30 trillion human cells in every human body, there are also an estimated 39 trillion microbial cells, including bacteria, viruses, and fungus, that live on and inside us. This is known as our microbiome. The parts fit and function as a unit because they are organized. Therefore, living objects are referred to as organisms. The genetic makeup of the cell, or DNA, regulates how the cell behaves.Learn more about organisms here:
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Can you get too much/too little of these molecules in your diet? WHY?
Answers
Minerals should be taken in little amount in your diet while on the other hand, macromolecules like protein, fats and carbohydrate are also taken in suitable range in order to get healthy.
Can you get too much/too little of these molecules in your diet?You can't get too much or too little of macromolecules in your diet because too much consumption of fats or proteins can leads to weight gain while on the other hand, substances which are needed by our body in small amount such as sodium and other minerals must be taken in small quantity in your diet in order to maintain our health.
So we can conclude that Minerals should be taken in little amount in your diet while on the other hand, macromolecules like protein, fats and carbohydrate are also taken in suitable range in order to get healthy.
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Some plants in an area produce a toxin that protects them from being eaten by a variety of insect species. The toxin decreases reproductive rates in insects. Because of a genetic mutation, some fruit flies can detect the plant toxin and therefore avoid eating the plant.
A. Describe how the number of fruit flies in the population that can detect the toxin will most likely change over the next 25 years.
B. According to the mechanism of natural selection, explain how the change you described in Part A will occur.
C. Based on the changes in the fruit fly population, describe what will most likely happen to the plants’ production of the toxin. Explain your answer.
Answers
According to the mechanism of natural selection, explain how the change you described in Part A will occur. Thus, option "B" is correct.
What is "Adaptation of Insects"?"Adaptation of Insects"
The following that is an adaptation that would promote insect herbivory is the Insects evolve new taste receptors that trigger an avoidance reaction to the toxin.
Plants are regularly fed upon herbivorous creepy crawlies. to get security against such assaults plant has created a few instruments like generation of poisons and unstable substance that either slaughter the bother or pull in the normal adversaries of the creepy crawlies respectively.
Thus, the correct answer is B.
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Which of these is the dependent variable?
I felt sick, so I skipped dinner.
A. I felt sick.
B. I skipped dinner.
C. These are both dependent variables.
Answers
Answer:
The answer is B.
Explanation:
The variable is dependent meaning it stands on its own. the sentence "I skipped dinner" is a stand alone sentence meaning its the answer
In the given sentence, "I skipped dinner" is the dependent variable. Thus, the correct option is B.
What is a Dependent variable?Dependent variables may be defined as those variables whose values must be altered in response to the manipulation of independent variables. So, it can be said that the value of dependent variables significantly depends on the values of independent variables.
In the given sentence, if a person does not feel sick, he/she will definitely take dinner. So, the action of taking dinner predominantly depends on the nature of entire fitness.
In another sense, the dependent variable is always found to be stand-alone without any distinguishing features, so I skipped dinner is found to be stand-alone in the given sentence.
Therefore, in the given sentence, "I skipped dinner" is the dependent variable. Thus, the correct option is B.
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What is/are the advantages of using nuclear power? CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY
A) A small amount of fuel can
give a large amount of
energy
B) Generating electricity by
nuclear power produces
radioactive nuclear waste,
C) Generating electricity by
nuclear power gives off no
air pollutants
Answers
Window cleaner is ammonia dissolved in water.
What is this an example of?
a solution
a solute
a solvent
a precipitate
Answers
Answer:
A) Solution
Explanation:
Ammonia (the Solute) is dissolved in Water (the Solvent). which makes a Solution. good luck
According to the concept of solubility,window cleaner is ammonia dissolved in water is an example of solution.
What is a solubility?
Solubility is defined as the ability of a substance which is basically solute to form a solution with another substance. There is an extent to which a substance is soluble in a particular solvent. This is generally measured as the concentration of a solute present in a saturated solution.
The solubility mainly depends on the composition of solute and solvent ,its pH and presence of other dissolved substance. It is also dependent on temperature and pressure which is maintained.Concept of solubility is not valid for chemical reactions which are irreversible. The dependency of solubility on various factors is due to interactions between the particles, molecule or ions.
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what water regulation adaptations might have evolved in protists in hypertonic habitats such as great salt lake?
Answers
Protists in hypotonic or isotonic environments would have more porous membranes, enabling more water to enter the cell. In order to retain the water, they may create a greater salt content within the cell.
Protists in a shifting salt concentration will have a semi-permeable membrane to keep up with concentration variations and take in water as needed, as well as a contractile vacuole to pump out any superfluous water they take in. Any member of a varied eukaryotic, mostly unicellular microscopic creature known as a protist. They may have physical and physiological similarities to animals, plants, or both.
Photosynthesis is used by plant-like protists to synthesize about half of the oxygen on the earth. Some protists breakdown and recycle nutrients required for humans to survive. Protists account for a sizable percentage of the food chain. Protists are employed as food additives and in medicine.
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research facts and info about the 5 kingdoms of life
Answers
The five kingdom classification are- Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia. The organisms which are placed under the kingdom Animalia are heterotrophic and depend on the other organisms for food. These are eukaryotic organisms with well-developed organelles.
A biology student wants to determine if using a fertilizer would help promote growth of new babies in spider plants. The student has access to 90 spider plants of three varieties: green, variegated, and curly. They all are potted in the same amount and type of soil, given the same amount of water, and exposed to the same amount of light. After one year, the shoots will be counted for each plant.
Answers
The best describe about the design for this experiment is random block design.
An experimental design known as a randomized block design divides the experimental units into units known as blocks. The experimental units inside each block are assigned the treatments at random.
We have a fully randomized block design when each block has at least one instance of each treatment.Each variety has 30 plants in total. This indicates that they are separated into a number of groupings that we will refer to as blocks.
Every plant in every block has the same type and quantity of soil in its pots, as well as the same amount of water and light exposure. This indicates that a treatment condition is given to each plant in each block.
The process is repeated by giving each plant in the teaching block a different treatment one at a time, which will lessen variability. The aforementioned claims make it quite evident that this is a randomized block design, which is when the experimenter or researcher splits individuals into smaller groups known as blocks.
In a manner that the variability within the blocks is less than the variability between the blocks. Thereafter, the participants within each block will now be randomly assigned to treatment conditions.
Hence, The best describe about the design for this experiment is random block design.
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Full Question : A biology student wants to determine if using a fertilizer would help promote growth of new babies in spider plants. The student has access to 90 spider plants of three varieties: green, variegated, and curly. They all are potted in the same amount and type of soil, given the same amount of water, and exposed to the same amount of light. After one year, the shoots will be counted for each plant.
Which of the following describes a random block design for this experiment?
A) The plants are numbered 01–90. Using a line from a random number table, the first 45 two-digit numbers, ignoring repeats and the numbers 91–99 and 00, represent the plants that will receive fertilizer. The remaining 45 plants will not receive fertilizer.
B) The plants are paired together based on similar size and numbered 1 and 2. Within each pair, a 6-sided number cube is rolled. If it lands on 1, 2, or 3, plant 1 receives the fertilizer and plant 2 does not receive fertilizer. If the cube lands on 4, 5, or 6, plant 1 does not receive fertilizer and plant 2 receives fertilizer. This is done for each of the 45 pairs of plants.
C) The plants are grouped based on variety. There are 30 plants of each variety. The plants within each variety are numbered 1–30, and the numbers are put in a random number generator. The first 15 unique numbers represent the plants in each variety that will receive fertilizer and the remaining 15 numbers will represent the plants in each variety that will not receive fertilizer.
D) The plants are grouped based on size. The 30 biggest plants are placed in one group and the 30 smallest plants in another other group. The remaining 30 plants are placed in a third group. For each group, a coin is flipped. If the coin lands on heads then the group will receive the fertilizer. If it lands on tails, then the group will not receive fertilizer. Repeat this procedure for the other two groups.
use a complete sentence to write a rule for how the bases are arranged in the
ladder model of DNA.
Answers
Answer:
With your group, use a complete sentence to write a rule for how the bases are arranged in the ladder model of DNA. ... The complementary base-pair rule states that adenine and thymine form pairs across two strands, and guanine and cytosine form pairs across two strands.
The rule for the arrangement of bases in the ladder model of DNA is that Adenine complementarily binds with Thymine by double bonds, while Guanine complementarily binds with Cytosine by triple bonds.
What do you understand by the Ladder model of DNA?The ladder model of DNA is a simplified representation of the actual structure and shape of a DNA molecule. It has an alternating chemical phosphate and sugar backbone, making the 'sides' of the ladder.
To make the first para more simple, we represent it as:
A=T; G≡C.
Therefore, the rule for the arrangement of bases in the ladder model of DNA is that Adenine complementarily binds with Thymine by double bonds, while Guanine complementarily binds with Cytosine by triple bonds.
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Mastering a&p when a person is bitten by a rabid dog, by what means do medical personnel attempt to prevent infection by the rabies virus?
Answers
When a person is bitten by a rabid dog, by artificially acquired passive immunity, medical personnel does attempt to prevent infection by the rabies virus.
What is passive immunity?The transmission of a ready-made antibody's active humoral immunity is known as passive immunity.Passive immunity can develop naturally, as when a baby absorbs a mother's antibodies through the placenta or breast milk, or artificially, as when someone obtains antibodies through an injection (gamma globulin injection).The main benefit of passive immunity is that it provides instant protection, and only lasts for a few weeks or months.Passive vaccination essentially involves giving the body antibodies that have already been created by others, such as pooled gamma globulin, which will instantly detect and destroy an antigen to offer protection. However, this passive form of defense does not result in immunologic memory and skips the processes in primary exposure.Learn more about passive immunity here:
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I need a cytoskeleton pick up line!
Answers
Answer:
Call me a cytoskeleton because I'll provide you with all the support you need and cause some movement inside you
Explanation:
it’s not mine so I can’t take credit but I hope this works and is what you are looking for.
37) Studies in knockout mice have demonstrated an important role of the FOXP2 transcription factor in the development of vocalisations. Recent sequence comparisons of the FOXP2 gene in Neanderthals and modern humans show that while the DNA sequence may be different, the protein sequence it codes for is identical. Which of the following conclusions might logically be inferred from this information? A) There was a problem with the experiment because different DNA sequences cannot result in the same protein sequence. B) The differences in DNA sequence support the hypothesis that Neanderthals were primitive beings that could only grunt. C) The differences in DNA sequence support the hypothesis that modern human vocalization evolved from that in mice. D) Human and Neanderthal vocalisations may have been similar. E) The experiments in mice demonstrating the function of the FOXP2 gene are not relevant to humans and Neanderthals because mice are not primates.
Answers
If the DNA sequences for FOXP2 transcription factor in the development of vocalizations is different in Neanderthals and humans, the same protein sequences indicates that: (D) Human and Neanderthal vocalizations may have been similar.
Transcription factors are the proteins present inside the living body that can control the expression of gene. These proteins interact directly with the gene sequence and may enhance or reduce the gene expression.
DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid. It is the genetic material with sequences composed of nucleotides. The different nucleotides can form same proteins because one amino acid can be encoded by more than one type of m-RNA codons. And similar proteins in two species indicates similarity of traits between them.
Therefore the correct answer is option D.
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A student is collecting the gas given off from a plant in bright sunlight at a temperature of 27°C. Which gas is the plant producing..
a
oxygen
b
nitrogen
c
carbon dioxide
d
hydrogen
Answers
Answer:
A
Explanation: plants give off oxygen not carbon dioxide
Which is an important difference between light-dependent (L-D) and light-independent (L-IND) reactions in photosynthesis?
The L-D reactions need CO2 and light energy, and the L-IND reactions needs water and O2.
The L-D reactions require light energy and water, and the L-IND reactions require ATP, NADPH, and CO2.
The L-D reactions can only occur during daylight, and the L-IND reactions can only occur during the night.
The L-D reactions need water and CO2, and the L-IND reactions need CO2 and light.
Answers
Answer:
B. The L-D reactions require light energy and water, and the L-IND reactions require ATP, NADPH and C02.
Explanation:
I majored in Biology
Answer:
The L-D reactions require light energy and water, and the L-IND reactions require ATP, NADPH and CO2.
Explanation: edge2020-21
a botanist studied the effects of various hormones and enzymes on plants ability to respond to changes in day length. what can you conclude about how these molecules will respond in plants living in locations with shorter daylight hours
Answers
The molecules will respond in plants that live in areas with fewer daylight hours because soil composition alters the function of numerous hormones and enzymes on plant capacity.
In general, when the length of the day changes, plants may produce variable levels of hormones and enzymes. This is specifically true in areas with fewer daylight hours.
These alterations may affect the plant's ability to grow, flower, and reproduce. The precise effects of different hormones and enzymes on plants in places with fewer daylight hours would need more research. This is because plants have evolved to acclimate to fluctuations in day duration to maximize their growth and reproduction.
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The question is -
A botanist studied the effects of various hormones and enzymes on plants' ability to respond to changes in day length. What can you conclude about how these molecules will respond in plants living in locations with shorter daylight hours?
Which of the following is abiotic?
an earthworm
a mosquito
a flood
none of these
Answers
Answer:
probably flood
:))
Explanation:
hehehe
which thing does NOT affect how an enzyme works? heat
temperature
water
ph
ice
Answers
Answer: I would say ice
Explanation: Ph does affect enzymes if it is to acidic it will not break apart toxic chemicals
Heat and temp does affect enzymes because when it is heated it will morph or become de natured.
water is needed for enzymes to work because they will become de natured without it.
Compare adaptations in protostomes and deuterostomes for living on land, Drag the appropriate adaptations to their respective bins. Protostomes Deuterostomes
1. amniotic egg 2. scaly skin 3. Wowy cuticle 4. tracheal respiratory system 5. shells 6. thick membranes in ogg 7. osophagus-originated lungs
Answers
Amniotic egg, waxy cuticle, and thick membranes in egg are protostomes, whereas deuterostomes have scaly skin, esophageal-originated lungs, and tracheal respiratory system.
On land, protostomes and deuterostomes both have mechanisms to keep their eggs from drying out (such as thick membranes in snail), skin (such as waxy cuticles in insects and scaly skin in reptiles), and respiratory surfaces from drying out (e.g., lungs in land snails and tracheal system in insects; lungs in tetrapod).
Chordates and echinoderms are examples of deuterostomes, whereas protostomes are primitive invertebrates.
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A partial aquatic food web is shown below:
The elephant seal and the blue whale both get energy from squid
The fish provides energy for both the seagulls and the leopard seals
The crab is an omnivore
The leopard seal is a top predator
Answers
Answer:
The penguin is an omnivore.
Explanation:
I took the test.
The fish provides energy required for both the seagulls and the leopard seals. Thus, the correct option is B.
What is an aquatic food web?Food webs are the networks which describe which organism eats whom in an ecological community. Food webs are made of interconnected food chains, these food webs help us to understand how the changes to ecosystems including removal of a top predator or adding nutrients affect many of the different species in an ecosystem, both directly and indirectly.
Phytoplankton and algae species form the bases of an aquatic food web. They are eaten by the primary consumers like zooplanktons, small fishes, and crustaceans. Primary consumers are the organisms which in turn are eaten by the fishes, small sharks, corals, and baleen whales. The top ocean predators include large shark species, dolphins, toothed whales, and large seals. Humans are the organisms who consume aquatic life from every section of this aquatic food web.
Therefore, the correct option is B.
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10. What 5 traits do the bird and its closest relative share?
Answers
Answer:
EGGS WITH SHELL
AMNIOTIC EGG
FOUR LIMBS
BONY SKELETON
VERTEBRAE
Explanation:
The five traits that the birds and their close relatives share are given below:
Amniotic eggVertebraeLimb development (four)Bony skeleton and feather arrangements.Egg with envelope (shell). What do you mean by traits?Traits may be defined as a state of a character, which is a distinct variation of a phenotypic characteristic of an organism.
Every organism shows some common as well as distinct traits as compared to its close relatives. This represents the evolutionary analysis of organisms in a phylogenetic tree.
Therefore, above are the five traits that the birds and their close relatives share.
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Please help! skin melanocytes produce the protein melanin, which gives the skin pigment. muscle cells do not produce melanin. which statement explains this difference between skin melanocytes and muscle cells?
A. muscle cells rely on rna, while melanocytes rely on dna.
B. melanocytes and muscle cells express different genes.
C. muscle cells destroyed the gene for melanin, but melanocytes did not.
D. melanocytes contain different genes from muscle cells
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer is B. "Melanocytes and muscle cells express different genes."
Although all cells in an organism (such as a human) contain the same DNA, different cell types express different sets of genes. Gene expression is the process by which specific genes are activated to produce a needed protein. In this case, the gene responsible for melanin production is expressed in melanocytes, but not in muscle cells.
This does not mean that muscle cells have destroyed the gene for melanin (as stated in option C) or that melanocytes contain different genes from muscle cells (as stated in option D). All cells within an organism contain the same genes, but not all genes are expressed in every cell. The process of gene expression is regulated by the cell to ensure that each cell type functions properly.
Option A is also incorrect because all cells, including both muscle cells and melanocytes, rely on both DNA (for storing genetic information) and RNA (for transmitting that information and producing proteins). DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into proteins. This process occurs in all cells.
The statement explains the difference between skin melanocytes and muscle cells is - melanocytes and muscle cells express different genes. So option b is correct.
Melanocytes are dark, dendritic-shaped, highly differentiated cells that secrete melanin, a pigment found in melanosomes, which is the primary function of melanocytes.
Melanocytes are a type of cell derived from the neural crest. They form a synapse with keratinocytes through their dendrites in the epidermis. Melanocytes play an important part in skin pigmentation and their role in the generation and distribution of melanin has been extensively studied.
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Questions for Activity 3: Making Molecular Models of Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration
Text BoxDraw what you think the models of aerobic and anaerobic respiration would look like if you constructed them using models like in figures 3-6
Answers
kaka ddjzomssomx dmdxjsomdmsxk
Irineu vc não sabe nem eu
sksosmmsos!s s s s s. s sim cofmc. kc c. ocmc c. ximc.
heheheheheheheheheheeheheheeheh
sou toxic
toma trou xa deu mtos pontos atoa kakakakakaja
Many heart failure medications inhibit the sympathetic nervous system (or its effects) rather than increasing the parasympathetic nervous signaling. Why?
-Digibind, an antibody towards cardiac glycosides, has been developed. Why haven’t antibodies towards the other medications discussed been developed?
Answers
Many heart failure medications inhibit the sympathetic nervous system (or its effects) rather than increase the parasympathetic nervous signalling because they decrease the workload of the heart and relieve symptoms of heart failure such as shortness of breath, swelling, and fatigue.
Parasympathetic nervous signalling is not primarily responsible for maintaining cardiac output at the time of heart failure, hence it is not very effective in treating the condition. Rather, sympathetic nerves promote increased heart rate and the force of contraction to enhance cardiac output. However, heart failure patients often experience an excessive release of norepinephrine from sympathetic nerves, causing further damage to the heart. Medications that inhibit the sympathetic nervous system or its effects, help to alleviate the damage caused by the excessive release of norepinephrine. On the other hand, antibodies have not been developed for many other heart failure medications due to their lack of target specificity, i.e., the medication is not usually designed to target a specific protein or molecule that is directly involved in the disease. Digibind, an antibody towards cardiac glycosides, has been developed, as cardiac glycosides have a well-defined target site and their therapeutic effects could be reversed by neutralizing them with an antibody. The same can not be done for many other heart failure medications as they lack a specific target site.
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What is the nervous system divided into?
Answers
Nervous system mainly divided into: Central and Peripheral nervous system.
Nervous system transmits the signals between the brain and the rest of the body, including the internal organs. In this way, the nervous system’s activity will controls the ability to move, breathe, see, think etc.
CNS (central nervous system): CNS is made up of the brain and the spinal cord: The brain controls how we think, move, learn, and feel. The spinal cord Which carries messages back and forth between the brain as well as the nerves that run throughout the body.
PNS (Peripheral nervous system): It is the part of your nervous system that lies outside your brain and the spinal cord. They will play key role in both sending the information from the different areas of your body back to your brain, as well as carrying out commands from your brain to the various parts of your body.
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The light dependent reaction requires energy from the sun. What other reactant does this reaction require
Answers
carbon dioxide
Type of experiment that tests on variable and measures the effect of this variable.
Answers
Controlled experiments are designed to establish cause-and-effect relationships between variables. By controlling for other factors and isolating the impact of the independent variable, researchers can determine whether changes in the independent variable directly influence the dependent variable. This type of experiment allows for rigorous testing and evaluation of hypotheses and helps in drawing meaningful conclusions about the relationship between variables.
how is ""maximum"" tension achieved in a whole muscle (assuming optimal length)?
Answers
The maximum tension achieved in a whole muscle by stretching a muscle to its optimum length.
What is maximum tension of a muscle?The maximum tension of a muscle is the maximum force that a muscle can generate when contacting.
The maximum tension equates to the maximum work that a contracting muscle can do.
The maximum tension achieved in a whole muscle by stretching a muscle to its optimum length where actin–myosin interactions are maximal.
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