where did human waste go before the creation of waste water legislation and waste water treatment plants in new york and elsewhere in the us?

Answer:

Where are the answers?

Explanation:

Answer: Earths orbit around the sun, solar energy, and volcanic eruptions

Explanation:

Earths orbit: At other times, the ellipse is more pronounced, so that the Earth moves closer and further away from the Sun in its orbit. When the Earth is closer to the Sun, our climate is warmer and this cycle also affects the length of the seasons.

Solar energy: Solar produces less life-cycle GHG emissions than conventional fossil fuel energy sources.

Volcanic eruptions: Volcanic eruptions of this magnitude can impact global climate, reducing the amount of solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface, lowering temperatures in the troposphere, and changing atmospheric circulation patterns.

Answer:

There are four main stages in the water cycle. They are evaporation, condensation, precipitation and collection.

Explanation:

Bro its the water cycle how do u not know this lol

Answer:

Please look at the screenshot I sent you:

Answer: The water cycle also known as the hydrolic cycle describes the always foward rotation above and below the surfaces of the earth. The mass of water on earths surface remains fairly consistant. However, the water splits up into diffrent groups, freshwater, saline water, ice, and atmospheric water. The water can travel between catorgories such as river to ocean or ocean to atmosphere through evaporation, condensation, precipatation, surface runoff and subsurface flow. When water go through these physical process it can change aswell such as being a liquid, solid,and gas. During evaporation it takes water from it surroundings and cools its enviromwnt,

the exchanges in heat fluctuate the climates tempature.

The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis is a complex system that plays a vital role in the development and regulation of hormones in the body.

It consists of three main components: the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the adrenal glands. During development, the HPA axis undergoes a process called programming, which involves the establishment of the axis's structure and function. This programming occurs during the fetal and early postnatal periods and is influenced by various factors, including maternal stress and hormones. The hormones produced by the HPA axis, such as cortisol and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), have important actions in the body. Cortisol, for example, helps regulate metabolism, immune function, and the body's response to stress. CRH plays a role in initiating the stress response and regulating the release of cortisol.

Maternal-fetal interactions also play a significant role in the functioning of the HPA axis. The placenta, which connects the mother and fetus, produces hormones that can affect the development and function of the axis. Additionally, maternal stress and hormonal changes can influence the programming and activity of the HPA axis in the fetus.
In summary, the HPA axis is a crucial system involved in hormone regulation. Its development, programming, and interactions with the mother during pregnancy have profound effects on the health and well-being of both the mother and fetus.

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Answer:

a. 2 cells

b. identical DNA

a cell plate must be formed to separate the daughter cells

Explanation:

mitosis produces 2 genetically identical cells. during cytokinesis plant cells form a cell plate

The result of mitosis includes 2 cells with identical DNA. Moreover, a structure called the cell plate is formed to separate the daughter cells.

Mitosis is a type of cell division in which a parent cell produces two genetically identical daughter cells.

In conclusion, the result of mitosis includes 2 cells with identical DNA. Moreover, a structure called the cell plate is formed to separate the daughter cells.

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Answer:

Explanation:

A The size of the red blood cell will remain constant. B The red blood cell will swell at first and then shrink.

The red blood cell in this environment is the red blood cell will swell from absorbing salt molecules. Thus, option A is correct.

The red blood cell has a lower salt concentration than the liquid which means that it has a higher water concentration than the liquid. By the process of osmosis, water will flow from the red blood cell to the liquid which would lead to the red blood cell shrinking in size.

Cellular respiration has used to create energy for cells. It works by burning glucose in the presence of oxygen. The result is an outburst of energy and \(CO2\) as well as water. Red blood cells that are bathed in blood neither shrink nor swell and burst because the concentration of the surrounding blood is equal to the concentration inside the cytoplasm of the red blood cells. This means that the two solutions are isotonic.

Therefore, The red blood cell in this environment is the red blood cell will swell from absorbing salt molecules. Thus, option A is correct.

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The distribution of stresses in an artery is influenced by many factors, including its internal pressure, the thickness and composition of its wall, and the angle at which the pressure is applied. When the internal stresses in an artery have an angle of α = 180°, the distribution of stresses is symmetrical, with equal amounts of stress exerted on both sides of the artery's wall. This is known as circumferential stress, and it is the most common type of stress found in arteries.

When the angle of internal stresses is α = 150°, the distribution of stresses is more concentrated on one side of the artery's wall. This is known as longitudinal stress, and it is typically less common in arteries than circumferential stress.

To determine the internal pressure at which the stress outside and inside the artery's wall become equal, we need to consider the relationship between stress and pressure in the artery. Assuming a linear elastic behaviour with E = 400 MPa, we can use the following equation to calculate the stress in the artery:

σ = Pr/t

Where σ is the stress, P is the internal pressure, r is the radius of the artery, and t is the thickness of the artery's wall.

Assuming that the stress from the pressure decays linearly to zero at the external surface, we can calculate the stress on the inner surface of the artery as follows:

σin = Pr/t

And the stress on the outer surface of the artery as:

σout = Pr/(t + δ)

Where δ is the thickness of the decay layer.

To find the internal pressure at which the stress outside and inside the wall become the same, we can set σin equal to σout and solve for P:

Pr/t = Pr/(t + δ)

Simplifying this equation, we get:

t + δ = tα/180

Where α is the angle of internal stresses.

Substituting the given values, we get:

t + δ = t(180/180) = t

Solving for δ, we get:

δ = t - tα/180

Substituting the given values, we get:

δ = 22/2 - 15/2(150/180) = 0.44 mm

Substituting the calculated value of δ into the equation for σout, we get:

σout = Pr/(t + δ) = Pr/(22/2 + 0.44) = 2P/22.44

Setting σin equal to σout and solving for P, we get:

Pr/t = 2P/22.44

Simplifying this equation, we get:

P = (t/2) * (22.44/2)

Substituting the given values, we get:

P = (7/2) * (22.44/2) = 39.93 kPa

Therefore, the internal pressure at which the stress outside and inside the wall become the same is approximately 39.93 kPa.

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Answer:

B. Cirrus clouds are formed by ice crystals

According to the research, the correct option is Dependent Variable. The change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure values of the participants represents the dependent variable.

It is the one that obtains data through experimentation and compares them with constant variables where the researcher chooses his variables, and, by manipulating them, in a controlled environment, he can search for evidence.

In this sense, the dependent variable is one whose value depends on the numerical value that the independent variable adopts in the function.

Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, the correct option is  Dependent Variable. The change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure values of the participants represents the dependent variable.

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Answer:

I think it B. Since the aerobic represtion or something might need energy..

sate sate sate.

Answer: D

Explanation:

i am sorry if this is wrong

Answer:

The second trophic level consists of organisms that eat the producers. These are called primary consumers, or herbivores. Deer, turtles, and many types of birds are herbivores. Secondary consumers eat the herbivores. Tertiary consumers eat the secondary consumers.

Explanation

An animal that eats producers is called herbivore. Therefore, option (D) is correct.

Herbivores eat plant matter such leaves, stems, fruits, and seeds. These organisms get energy and nutrients from producers, the main source of organic matter in ecosystems.

Cows, rabbits, deer, and many insects are herbivores. Herbivores transform plant biomass energy into a form that higher trophic levels can consume, making them vital to ecosystem energy and nutrient cycles. Therefore, option (D) herbivore is the correct option.

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Extracellular signals that are very large and hydrophilic typically cannot diffuse through the plasma membrane due to their size and hydrophilic nature. These signals include proteins such as growth factors and cytokines. Instead, these signals interact with specific receptors on the plasma membrane, triggering a series of intracellular events.

Upon binding to their receptors, these large hydrophilic signals can activate various signaling pathways within the cell. This can lead to the activation of secondary messengers, such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) or inositol triphosphate (IP3), which mediate intracellular signaling cascades.
Alternatively, some large hydrophilic signals can activate cell surface receptors, which in turn initiate a process called endocytosis. During endocytosis, the plasma membrane invaginates and forms a vesicle that engulfs the extracellular signal. This vesicle then internalizes and delivers the signal to the intracellular compartments, allowing it to interact with its target proteins and activate downstream signaling pathways.
In summary, extracellular signals that are large and hydrophilic typically enter the cell by interacting with specific receptors on the plasma membrane, which triggers intracellular signaling cascades or through endocytosis.

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Answer:

like what would you want what type of topic

Answer:

DNA is consist of two strands that are coiled together to form a double helix structure in which both the strands are anti-parallel. The direction of one strand is from 5' to 3' and the other has 3' to 5'.

DNA is made up of nucleotide, phosphate group and deoxyribose sugar. The two anti-parallel strands on DNA are composed of nucleotide and bonded with hydrogen bond. There are four nitrogenous bases present in each nucleotide e adenine (A), guanine (G), Thymine (T) and cytosine (C). Where A and T are bonded with double hydrogen bond and G and C are bonded with triple hydrogen bond present complementary to each other in both the strands.

sugar -phophate group forms the backbone of the DNA.

Decreased pH would increase the amount of oxygen unloaded by hemoglobin into peripheral tissues.

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Photosynthesis in chloroplasts involves major steps such as light absorption, electron transport, ATP synthesis, and carbon fixation. It begins with light-dependent reactions in photosystems I and II, followed by electron transport and ATP synthesis.

Step 1: Photosynthesis is a complex process that occurs in the chloroplasts of plants, involving several major steps such as light absorption, electron transport, ATP synthesis, and carbon fixation.

Step 2:Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose. It occurs in the chloroplasts, specifically in three main stages: light-dependent reactions, electron transport chain, and the Calvin cycle.

During the light-dependent reactions, light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll molecules in photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI). In PSII, water molecules are split, releasing electrons, protons (H+ ions), and oxygen. The electrons move through an electron transport chain, creating a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane. This gradient is essential for ATP synthesis by ATP synthase, using the energy from the electron flow.

In PSI, electrons are re-energized by absorbing more light energy and are ultimately used to produce NADPH, another energy carrier. The ATP and NADPH generated in the light-dependent reactions are then used in the Calvin cycle.

The Calvin cycle, also known as the light-independent reactions or carbon fixation, occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast. It uses ATP, NADPH, and carbon dioxide (CO2) to produce glucose (G3P), which serves as a building block for sugars and other organic compounds. The cycle regenerates the starting molecule, ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP), allowing the process to continue.

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Answer:

uniformitarianism or the uniformitarian principle

Explanation:

Answer:

the answer would be that one loves the cold the other loves the heat and another would be one eats only flying buggs the other eats land buggs

Explanation:

Answer:

All of the organ systems of the body work together to maintain the homeostasis of the organism. If homeostasis fails, there can be severe consequences ranging from a simple disease or death.

The graphic organizer which best compares the energy inputs and outputs of cellular respiration and photosynthesis is the second one because light energy is needed in plants to develops photosynthesis, which is needed at the same time to produce chemical energy in form of glucose, which is needed by other organisms like animals to develops cellular respiration to eventually produce chemical energy in form of ATP.

Answer: DNA packaging is the method of folding the DNA molecule to fit into the nucleus of a cell. Chromosomal DNA packaged inside ultramicroscopic nuclei of a cell with the assistance of histones is named packaging of DNA Helix.

Explanation: search

High levels of organic and inorganic materials in wastewater result in High levels of biochemical oxygen demand (bod).

The amount of dissolved oxygen required by aerobic biological organisms to break down organic material present in a given water sample at a particular temperature over a certain time period is referred to as biochemical oxygen demand.

The higher the BOD, the faster oxygen is reduced in the stream. This means that higher-level aquatic life has less oxygen content to it.. High BOD levels have the same consequences as low dissolved oxygen levels: aquatic creatures become stressed, suffocate, and die.

So, the more organic contaminants there are in the water, the more oxygen the bacteria demand, and this oxygen requirement is known as BOD. As a result, the amount of pollution in a body of water is exactly proportional to the BOD.

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Answer:

The medical and scientific visionaries who planned the Human Genome Project Already, doctors can better categorize some cancers by examining the outside of the protein-coding regions of our DNA, for example in the robust medical informatics tool that healthcare providers can readily use to

Explanation:

The correct conclusion for the given information that the DG for the reaction, which is catalyzed by the enzyme creatine kinase, is ~0 kJ/mol under intracellular conditions is that "the reaction operates close to equilibrium in cells."

Creatine kinase (CK) is an enzyme found in various tissues such as the brain, muscles, and heart. This enzyme plays a significant role in energy metabolism by catalyzing the reversible conversion of ADP and phosphocreatine into ATP and creatine, with the transfer of a phosphoryl group between the creatine and ATP. The reaction is as follows:

ATP + creatine ⇌ phosphocreatine + ADP ΔG°' = +12.6 kJ/mol

Whereas, in intracellular conditions, the DG for this reaction is around 0 kJ/mol, meaning the concentration of the reactants and products is nearly equal. This implies that the reaction operates near to equilibrium in cells. The other options mentioned are not correct conclusions based on the given information.

Therefore, the correct answer is (D) the reaction operates close to equilibrium in cells.

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