What is a chemical? Does Every Chemical Have a formula? In the past, we have used chemicals that we thought were safe that have turned out to cause harm, such as lead. How can we be sure that we are not repeating our mistakes? Should dangerous chemicals be banned or destroyed completely?
Are all chemicals that are naturally occurring safe? Should we think differently about chemicals that are naturally occurring and those that are not? Why?
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The solubility of carbon dioxide in water at an atmospheric pressure of 0.540 atm is 1.40x10⁻² M

The amount of a substance's concentration that dissolves in a solvent at a particular temperature is known as its solubility. The type of bond, mass, temperature, and pressure all affect solubility.

The solubility can be calculate with formula below:

S = KH*P  

where

S= Solubility

KH = measure of hardness of water / carbonate hardness = 3.50*10⁻² mol/L.atm

P = atmospheric pressure = 0.5400 atm

Thus, we got

S = KH*P

= (3.50x10⁻² mol/L.atm)*(0.5400 atm)

= 1.89 x 10⁻² mol/L

But 1 mol/L = 1 M,

Therefore, the answer (1.40*10⁻² mol/L ) is equivalent to  1.40x10⁻² M

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The mass of 6.45 x 10^25 atoms of Cu is 682.3 grams. For example, the atomic weight of carbon is 12.011, so the molar mass of carbon is 12.011 g/mol.

What is Molar Mass?

Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, expressed in grams per mole (g/mole). It is a fundamental concept in chemistry and is used in various calculations, such as determining the mass of a sample of a substance, the number of moles in a sample, or the number of atoms or molecules in a sample.

The molar mass of an element is equal to its atomic weight, which is the weighted average of the masses of all the isotopes of that element, taking into account their relative abundance.

Determine the number of moles of Cu atoms:

6.45 x 10^25 atoms Cu x (1 mole Cu / 6.022 x 10^23 atoms Cu) = 10.73 mol Cu

Use the molar mass of Cu to convert from moles to grams:

10.73 mole Cu x (63.55 g Cu / 1 mole Cu) = 682.3 g Cu

Therefore, the mass of 6.45 x 10^25 atoms of Cu is 682.3 grams.

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Answer: Animation: Burning gas makes the air inside the balloon less dense, producing an upward force or lift. 1) A hot air balloon stays on the ground (or descends) when the air inside it is too cool. ... 3) When the air is hotter still, the balloon rises because the lift force is greater than the weight.

Explanation:

Common sense

Option (B) closer to the end where HCl was introduced is correct because, according to Graham's Law of Diffusion, The Rate of diffusion is indirectly proportional to 1/√(Molar. mass).

The ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) will form primarily in the middle of the glass tube, where the two gases (NH₃ and HCl) are first able to react with one another. This is because the gases travel through the tube at different velocities, so the reaction will occur where the gases first meet.

As the reaction progresses, the ammonium chloride will continue to form until the reaction is complete and the tube is filled with the solid product.

The reaction of the two gases is reversible, meaning that the NH₄Cl can also break down back into NH₃ and HCl. However, as the gases continue to travel through the tube, the reaction rate of the NH₄Cl breaking down is much slower than the rate at which it is formed.

Therefore, the majority of the ammonium chloride will form in the middle of the tube where HCl is introduced.

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Actually Welcome to the Concept of the Acceleration.

a = V2-V1/t

so the correct answer is, a = ∆v/t

option C.) is correct, a = ∆v/t

Answer:

m = y2-y1 / x2-x1

Explanation:

The volume of dichloromethane \((CH_2Cl_2)\) produced when 149 liters of methane \((CH_4)\) react according to the given reaction is approximately 6.224 x \(10^5 J/K*m^3\).  

The volume of dichloromethane \((CH_2Cl_2)\) produced when 149 liters of methane \((CH_4)\) react according to the given reaction is not immediately apparent from the reaction stoichiometry.

The balanced equation for the reaction between methane  \((CH_4)\) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) to form dichloromethane  \((CH_2Cl_2)\) and carbon dioxide (CO2) is:

\((CH_4)\) +  \(CO_2\) →  \((CH_2Cl_2)\) +  \(CO_2\)

The balanced equation shows that 1 mole reacts with 1 mole of CCl4 to produce 1 mole of  \((CH_2Cl_2)\) and 1 mole of  \(CO_2\).

The volume of the gas can be calculated using the ideal gas law:

PV = nRT

To find the number of moles of gas, we can use the molecular masses of the reactants and products:

Molar mass of  \((CH_4)\) = 16.04 g/mol

Molar mass of  \(CCl_4\) = 89.9 g/mol

Molar mass of   \((CH_2Cl_2)\) = 70.1 g/mol

Molar mass of  \(CO_2\) = 44.01 g/mol

The number of moles of  \((CH_4)\) can be calculated from the initial amount of gas:

149 L of CH4 = 149 x 16.04 g/mol = 2432 g

The number of moles of CCl4 can be calculated from the given volume:

149 L of  \((CH_4)\) +  \(CCl_4\) →   \((CH_2Cl_2)\) +  \(CO_2\)

The volume of the gas is given as 149 L, so the number of moles of  \(CCl_4\) can be calculated as:

149 L = 149 x 89.9 g/mol = 13,277 g

The number of moles  can be calculated from the given volume and the desired amount of product

149 L of  \((CH_4)\) + \(CCl_4\) →   \((CH_2Cl_2)\) + \(CO_2\)

149 L of  \((CH_4)\) + \(CCl_4\) → 149 x 70.1 g/mol + 13,277 g x 1 mol/13.277 g = 43,691 g

V = nRT

V = 43,691 g x 8.314 J/mol·K = 364,617.5 J/K

1 J/K = 1/1000 L·K

Therefore, the volume of the gas is:

V = 364,617.5 J/K x (1/1000 L·K) = 3.646 x 10^4 L

substitute this value for V in the equation for the volume of  \((CH_2Cl_2)\) :

PV = nRT

PV = 149 x 8.314 J/mol·K x (3.646 x \(10^4\) L)

PV = 6.224 x   \(10^5 J/K*m^3\).  

Therefore, The volume of dichloromethane \((CH_2Cl_2)\) produced when 149 liters of methane \((CH_4)\) react according to the given reaction is approximately 6.224 x \(10^5 J/K*m^3\).  

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The fraction of tetrahedral interstitial sites occupied by carbon atoms in the iron-carbon alloy, we can use the weight percent (wt%) of carbon provided.

First, let's assume we have 100 grams of the alloy. Since it contains 0.2 wt% carbon, we have 0.2 grams of carbon.
Next, we need to calculate the molar mass of carbon, which is 12.01 g/mol. Dividing the mass of carbon (0.2 g) by its molar mass (12.01 g/mol) gives us the number of moles of carbon present.

Now, we need to calculate the number of tetrahedral interstitial sites. In a crystal lattice structure, there are 4 interstitial sites per atom. Therefore, the number of tetrahedral interstitial sites is 4 times the number of iron atoms in the alloy.
To find the number of carbon atoms, we multiply the number of moles of carbon by Avogadro's number (6.022 x 10^23 atoms/mol).
Finally, to determine the fraction of occupied sites, we divide the number of carbon atoms by the number of tetrahedral interstitial sites.

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The volume of the hot air is approximately 0.64 L.  

When a substance is heated, its particles gain energy and move faster. This causes the particles to spread out, and the volume of the substance increases.

The volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature, according to the ideal gas law:

PV = nRT

here P is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of the gas, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

If the temperature of the gas is doubled, the volume of the gas will increase by a factor of 32/5, or approximately 6.4 times.

In this case, the volume of the cold air was 10.0 L, and the temperature was increased from 25.0 °C to 250.0 °C. Therefore, the volume of the hot air can be calculated using the ideal gas law as follows:

\(V_f = P_1V_1 / P_2V_2\)

= (1 atm * 10.0 L) / (1 atm * 64.0 L)

= 0.64 L

Therefore, the volume of the hot air is approximately 0.64 L.  

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Answer: solo necesito puntos lo siento

Explanation:

Answer:

Cadmium has larger atomic radius than sulfur.

Explanation:

Down a period, atomic radii decrease from left to right due to the increase in the number of protons and electrons across a period: when a proton is added the pull of the electrons towards the nucleus is larger, so the size of the atom decreases.

Hence, you can compare the elements that belong to a same period and predict that the atom with lower atomic number (number of protons) will haver larger atomic radius. With that:

Oxygen and fluorine are in the period 3, being oxygen to the left of fluorine, so oxygen is larger than fluorine.

Sulfur and chlorine are in the period 4, being sulfur to the left of chlorine, so sulfur is larger than chlorine.

Now see whan happens down a group. Atomic radius increases from top to bottom within a group due to electron shielding. That permits you to compare the size of the elements in a group:

Fluorine and chlorine are in the same group (17), with chlorine directly below fluorine, so the atomic radius of chlorine is larger than the atomic radius of fluorine.

Sulfur and oxygen are in the same group (16), with sulfur directlly below oxygen, so sulfur the atomic radius of sulfur is larger than the atocmi radius of oxygen.

So far, you can rank the atomic radius of sulfur, chlorine, fluorine, and oxygen, in increasing order as:

O < F < Cl < S, concluding that O, F, and Cl have smaller atomic radius than S.

Cadmiun, Cd, is to the left and below sulfur, so both electron shielding (down a group) and increase of the number of protons (down a period) lead to predict the cadmium has a larger atomic radius than sulfur.

The amount in grams of Na₂SO₄ that can be produced from 10.0 grams of NaOH is 4.46 grams.

To calculate the number of grams of Na₂SO₄ produced from 10.0 grams of NaOH, we need to use stoichiometry. Here is the balanced chemical equation:

4NaOH + 2H₂SO₄ → 2Na₂SO₄ + 4H₂O

Firstly, let's calculate the number of moles of NaOH present in 10.0 grams. We need the molar mass of NaOH to do that. The molar mass of NaOH is 23.0 + 16.0 + 1.0 = 40.0 g/mol.

Moles of NaOH = Mass of NaOH/Molar mass of NaOH = 10.0/40.0 = 0.25 mol

Now, we can use stoichiometry to determine the number of moles of Na₂SO₄ produced. From the balanced equation, 4 moles of NaOH react with 2 moles of H₂SO₄ to produce 2 moles of Na₂SO₄. This means that 1 mole of NaOH reacts with 1/2 mole of H₂SO₄ to produce 1/2 mole of Na₂SO₄.

Moles of Na₂SO₄ = Moles of NaOH × (1/2)× (2/4)= 0.25× 1/2× 1/2 = 0.03125 mol

Finally, we can convert the number of moles of Na₂SO₄ to grams using the molar mass of Na₂SO₄. The molar mass of Na₂SO₄ is 23.0 × 2 + 32.1 + 16.0 × 4 = 142.1 g/mol.

Number of grams of Na₂SO₄ = Moles of Na₂SO₄ × Molar mass of Na₂SO₄ = 0.03125 × 142.1 = 4.46 g

Therefore, 4.46 grams of Na₂SO₄ are produced from 10.0 grams of NaOH.

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Answer:

Ca + H2O------->CaO+H2

since ca combine with oxygen.

The ignition occurs when a mixture of fuel & oxygen encounter an external heat source with sufficient heat Piloted ignition.

When a volatile fuel is close to a nearby local energy source (pilot) and reaches its lower limit of flammability in air, piloted ignition may be possible. The flame that originates in the premixed system spreads outward from the pilot. The first law of thermodynamics for systems with fixed mass only describes the energetics of this process.

The science of thermodynamics examines how heat, work, temperature, and energy are related. The general topic of thermodynamics is the transfer of energy from one location or form to another. The fundamental idea is that heat is a type of energy that is equivalent to a specific quantity of mechanical labor.

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Answer:

Mountains, hills, plateaus

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation:

To find the number of moles in a substance given it's number of entities we use the formula

\(n = \frac{N}{L} \\\)

where n is the number of moles

N is the number of entities

L is the Avogadro's constant which is

6.02 × 10²³ entities

From the question we have

\(n = \frac{4.3 \times {10}^{27} }{6.02 \times {10}^{23} } \\ = 7142.857...\)

We have the final answer as

Hope this helps you

Answer:

two of them are algae and protozoa

To determine the \(Al_3^+:Ag^+\) concentration ratio in the electrochemical cell, the Nernst equation is used. By solving the equation, the ratio is found to be 1/27, which corresponds to option A (0.0094:1).

To determine the \(Al_3^+:Ag^+\) concentration ratio in the given electrochemical cell, we need to use the Nernst equation, which relates the cell potential (Ecell) to the concentrations of the species involved. The Nernst equation is given by:

Ecell = E°cell - (RT/nF) * ln(Q)

In this case, the balanced redox equation is:

\(Al(s) + 3Ag+(aq)\) → \(Al_3+(aq) + 3Ag(s)\)

The number of electrons transferred (n) is 3.

Since the reaction is at standard conditions (25°C), we can assume that E°cell = 0.59 V (retrieved from standard reduction potentials).

Plugging the values into the Nernst equation:

2.34 V = 0.59 V - (8.314 J/(mol·K) * (298 K) / (3 * 96485 C/mol) * ln(Q)

Simplifying the equation:

1.75 V = ln(Q)

Taking the exponential of both sides:

\(Q = e^{(1.75)}\)

Now, Q represents the concentration ratio of products to reactants. The ratio of \(Al_3^+\) to \(Ag^+\) is 1:3, based on the balanced equation. Therefore:

\(Q = [Al_3^+]/[Ag^+]^3 = 1/3^3 = 1/27\)

Comparing this to the options given, the closest ratio is 0.0094:1 (option A).

Therefore, the correct answer is A) 0.0094:1.

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Answer:

The correct option is;

Determine the density of the object and compare the known density of pure Silver

Explanation:

The density of the object is found by finding the weight of the object, and then finding the volume (of water) the object displaces when it is immersed (in water)

The  density is then fond by dividing the weighed mass by the volume the object displaces when immersed

Compare the result of the measured density with that of pure silver. If the two have density, as well as other similar physical characteristics, then the object is likely to be pure silver.

Answer:

Brittle

Explanation:

because thas for non metals

Answer: There are 0.00054 moles of silane gas (SiH4) are present in 8.68 mL measured at 18 0C and 1.50 atm.

Explanation:

Given: Volume = 8.68 mL (1 mL = 0.001 L) = \(8.68 \times 10^{-3} L\),    

Temperature = \(18^{o}C = (18 + 273) K = 291 K\),

Pressure = 1.50 atm

The ideal gas formula is as follows.

PV = nRT

where,

P = pressure

V = volume

n = no. of moles

R = gas constant = 0.0821 L atm/mol K

T = temperature

Substitute the values into above formula as follows.

\(PV = nRT\\1.50 atm \times 8.68 \times 10^{-3} L = n \times 0.0821 L atm/mol K \times 291 K\\n = \frac{1.50 atm \times 8.68 \times 10^{-3} L}{0.0821 L atm/mol K \times 291 K}\\= \frac{0.01302}{23.8911}\\= 0.00054 mol\)

Thus, we can conclude that there are 0.00054 moles of silane gas (SiH4) are present in 8.68 mL measured at 18 0C and 1.50 atm.

Answer:

C. democritusm John dalton, JJ Thomason, Ernest Rutherford, Neils Bohr, and Erwin Schrodinger.

The correct order of the scientists in order of their work related to the

structure of an atom from earliest to most recent include Democritus, John

Dalton, JJ Thomson, Ernest Rutherford, Neils Bohr, and Erwin Schrodinger.

Democritus was regarded as one of the earliest scientist who first proposed

atomic theory around 460 BC which was then modified and used by others

such as John Dalton, JJ Thomson, Ernest Rutherford and Neils Bohr.

The most recent of them all was Erwin Schrodinger which was  the wave

equation for electron movements in the 20th century.

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The net ionic equation for the reaction is 2Ag⁺ (aq) + SO4⁻² (aq) ⇒ Ag₂SO₄ (s).

Chemical equations that use separated ions to represent the dissolved ionic compounds are known as full ionic equations.

To identify which ionic chemicals are dissolved and which are not, solubility laws are highly helpful.

1 Given equation is 2AgNO₃(aq) + Na₂SO₄(aq) ⇒ Ag₂SO₄ (s) + 2NaNO₃ (aq)

An ionic equation is 2Ag⁺ (aq) + 2NO₃⁻ (aq) +2Na⁺ (aq) + SO₄⁻ (aq) .....> Ag₂SO₄ (s) + 2Na⁺ (aq) + 2NO³⁻(aq)

The net ionic reaction is:

2Ag⁺ (aq) + SO4⁻² (aq) ⇒ Ag₂SO₄ (s)

2. Given equation : BaCl₂(aq) + ZnSO₄(aq) ⇒ ZnCl₂ (aq) + BaSO₄ (s)

The ionic equation is:

Ba⁺² (aq) + 2Cl⁻(aq) + Zn²⁺+ (aq) + SO4²⁻(aq) ⇒ Zn²⁺ (aq) + 2Cl⁻ (aq) + BaSO₄ (s)

The net ionic equation is:

Ba²⁺(aq) + SO4⁻²(aq)⇒ BaSO₄ (s)

3. Given equation (NH₄)₂CO₃(aq) + CaCl₂(aq) ⇒ CaCO₃ (s) + 2NH₄Cl (aq)

2NH⁴⁺ (aq) + CO₃²⁻ (aq) + Ca⁺² (aq) + 2Cl⁻ (aq) ⇒ CaCO₃ (s) + 2NH⁴⁺(aq) + 2Cl⁻ (aq)

The net ionic equation is:

CO3⁻² (aq)+ Ca²⁺ (aq) ⇒ CaCO₃ (s)

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There are a total of 4 hydrogen atoms on the reactant side of the balanced equation.

On the reactant side of the balanced equation, there are no hydrogen atoms present.

The balanced equation for the reaction between calcium carbide (CaC2) and water is:

CaC2 + 2H2O → C2H2 + Ca(OH)2

In this equation, the reactant side consists of CaC2 and 2H2O. CaC2 does not contain any hydrogen atoms, while 2H2O represents two molecules of water, each containing two hydrogen atoms. Therefore, the total number of hydrogen atoms on the reactant side is 2 (hydrogen atoms in one molecule of water) multiplied by 2 (two molecules of water), which equals 4 hydrogen atoms.

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The frequency of the color light, given that it has a wavelength of 5.0×10⁻⁷ m is 6.0×10¹⁴ Hertz (last option)

First, we shall list out the given parameters from the question. This is shown below:

Speed, wavelength and frequency of wave are related by the following formula:

Velocity (v) = wavelength (λ) × frequency (f)

Inputting the given parameters, we can obtain the frequency as shown below:

3×10⁸ = 5.0×10⁻⁷ × frequency

Divide both sides by 5.0×10⁻⁷

Frequency = 3×10⁸ / 5.0×10⁻⁷

= 6.0×10¹⁴ Hertz

Thus, we can conclude that the frequency of the color light is 6.0×10¹⁴ Hertz (last option)

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The term which best describes a milkshake that contains pieces of chocolate cookies is: heterogeneous mixture.

A mixture can be defined as a combination of two (2) or more substances which are present in varied proportion and can be visibly seen with our naked eyes.

Generally, there are two (2) main types of mixture and these are;

A heterogenous mixture can be defined as any mixture that has a different (non-uniform) composition and properties throughout any given sample of the mixture.

This ultimately implies that, the constituents of a heterogenous mixture always remain separate in the sample and as such comprises two or more phases.

In this context, the pieces of chocolate cookies wouldn't dissolve completely in a milkshake and as such they remain separate, forming a heterogenous mixture.

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Answer:

Baking soda and Vinegar, photosynthesis, oxidation, and much much more.

May I please have brainliest?

Compounding personnel should contact the supplier to follow up on the delivery of the sterile isopropyl alcohol (IPA) bottles that did not arrive in the supply order. The personnel should request an estimated time of arrival and make sure to provide the exact details of the order.

If the sterile isopropyl alcohol (IPA) bottles did not arrive in the supply order, the compounding personnel should take the following steps:

It is important for the compounding personnel to take swift action in this situation to ensure that the necessary supplies are obtained and that compounding activities can continue without disruption.

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Temporary and permanent hardness of water Temporary hardness of water is caused by the presence of bicarbonate, carbonate, and sulfate ions, while permanent hardness is caused by the presence of chlorides, sulfates, and nitrates.

Carbonate and bicarbonate hardness can be removed using a process called boiling. Permanent hardness, on the other hand, can be removed using a process called ion exchange.ii. Organic, ortho, and polyphosphorus in wastewaterOrganic phosphorus is present in wastewater in the form of organic molecules like DNA, RNA, and phospholipids. Orthophosphate is the most common form of phosphorus found in wastewater. Polyphosphates, which are a chain of orthophosphate molecules, can also be found in wastewater.iii. Self-cleansing and scouring velocity in sewersSelf-cleansing velocity is the minimum velocity of wastewater flow required to prevent the deposition of solids in the sewer. Scouring velocity, on the other hand, is the minimum velocity required to remove previously deposited solids. Scouring velocity is higher than self-cleansing velocity.

Type 1 and Type 2 settling in water/wastewater treatment  Type 1 settling occurs when particles of different sizes and densities settle separately, forming distinct layers. In type 2 settling, particles of different sizes and densities settle together in a mixed floc. Type 1 settling is more effective at removing larger particles, while type 2 settling is better at removing smaller particles.v. Chloramines and disinfection by-products (DBPs)Chloramines are a combination of chlorine and ammonia that are used as a disinfectant in water treatment. Disinfection by-products (DBPs) are formed when chlorine reacts with organic matter in the water. Some common DBPs include trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs), which are known to be carcinogenic.

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Answer: True

Explanation: Pressure is not dependent on mass.