what evidence proves endosymbiosis happened

Answer:

phospholipids

Explanation:

The fundamental building blocks of all cell membranes are phospholipids which are amphipathic molecules, consisting of two hydrophobic fatty acid chains linked to a phosphate-containing hydrophilic head group.

The Big Bang theory proposes that all matter in the Universe originated simultaneously at the same time (the starting point), approximately 14 billion years ago. It was firstly proposed by Georges Lemaître (1931).

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Mutations can increase genetic variation when they introduce new alleles or variants into a population.

This can occur through various types of mutations, such as substitutions, insertions, deletions, and duplications. These mutations can alter the DNA sequence, leading to changes in the proteins produced or their regulation.

Genetic variation is essential for the process of evolution, as it provides the raw material for natural selection to act upon. Mutations that introduce beneficial changes can lead to adaptations and increased fitness in certain environments.

Mutations can also have harmful effects on organisms. The harmfulness of a mutation depends on various factors, including the specific gene affected, the type of mutation, and the resulting functional changes.

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Answer: FGF5 is produced in the outer root sheath of the hair follicle as well as perifollicular macrophages, with maximum expression occurring in the late anagen phase of the hair cycle. The receptor for FGF5, FGFR1, is largely expressed in the dermal papilla cells of the hair follicle.

Explanation:

The following is true : b. both the afferent and efferent division control voluntary action.

The CNS receives impulses from the peripheral organs through afferent or sensory division. Impulses from the CNS are sent out to the peripheral organs through the efferent or motor division to produce an effect or action.

Efferent neurons controls hearing sensitivity and protects hearing from noise through regulation of gap junctions between cochlear supporting cells.

The somatic efferent division, which includes neurons that regulate skeletal muscles, and the autonomic efferent division, which includes neurons that regulate all other organs, are additional divisions of the efferent division (collectively termed viscera).

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Answer:

I -Albino individuals

Aerobically trained muscles burn fat more readily than untrained muscles.

This is because aerobic training improves the efficiency of the body's energy systems, including the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as the metabolic processes involved in burning fat for fuel. When we exercise aerobically, such as through running, cycling, or swimming, our bodies utilize oxygen to break down fat and carbohydrates into energy. Over time, this process becomes more efficient as our muscles adapt to the demands of aerobic exercise. As a result, trained muscles are able to burn fat more quickly and effectively than untrained muscles, which can lead to increased endurance and improved overall fitness.

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Answer:

your mom your mom your mom

Answer:

Our eyes see upside down. The given image is transferred through the optic nerve and the brain inverts the image so that it is "normal".

Explanation:

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The vertical stem, leaves, and flowers of a plant are all plant organs that are located aboveground. These organs make up the plant's shoot system.

The shoot system, often known as the aerial system, is responsible for the plant's aboveground development, including the vertical stem, leaves, and flowers. It's distinguished from the root system, which is responsible for the plant's belowground growth and development. Both of these systems are critical for a plant's life because they allow for proper growth, nutrient and water absorption, and reproduction.

Plant organs that are aboveground, such as the stem, leaves, and flowers, form the shoot system of a plant. The shoot system is primarily responsible for the plant's aboveground development, including growth and reproduction.

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Explanation:

Retroviruses. Retroviruses are viruses that are able to reverse transcribe their RNA genome into DNA, which is then integrated into a host genome.

Proviruses are integrated viral genomes that replicate. Retroviruses can reverse transcribe their RNA genome into DNA before integrating with the host genome.

A virus is a type of infectious agent that is submicroscopic in size and can only replicate itself inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses are able to infect all forms of life, including animals, plants, and microorganisms of all kinds (such as bacteria and archaea).

A provirus is a stage in the process of viral replication in which the viral genome becomes integrated with the host DNA. A retrovirus, on the other hand, is an RNA virus that is capable of performing reverse transcription on its RNA genome in order to produce DNA before integrating with the genome of its host.

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Answer:1.Yes plants take in carbon dioxide for "air" they need water to keep hydrated sunlight helps it make food.

2.Then the entire process of photosynthesis would crash. If no carbon dioxide the plant would not be able to breath and die, No water and it dies of thrist and no sunlight and the plant shivers and dies.

Answer:

no samples shown

Explanation:

Biodiversity Conservation: The Solomon Islands are home to rich biodiversity, containing singular environments and endangered class.

It is important to plan out biodiversity preservation through system which controls organization and administration of protected fields, in the way that nationwide parks and sea reserves

Climate Change Adaptation: The Solomon Islands are vulnerable to the impacts of temperature change, containing climbing ocean levels, raised frequency of extreme weather occurrences, and sea acidification. It is main to expand and implement agreement actions that focus on marshy care, tenable land use preparation, and trend-resilient foundation

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When pyrogens reach the hypothalamus, they can trigger a rise in the body's temperature called a fever. This process helps the immune system function more effectively and creates a less hospitable environment for harmful pathogens, ultimately supporting the body's recovery.

When infection or inflammation occurs in the body, immune cells release chemicals called pyrogens. These pyrogens travel to the hypothalamus, a region in the brain that acts as the body's thermostat. Upon reaching the hypothalamus, pyrogens bind to specific receptors, causing a change in the set point of the body's temperature regulation.

This altered set point results in a rise in the body's temperature, a phenomenon known as a fever. A fever is the body's natural defense mechanism against harmful pathogens, as increased temperature can help the immune system work more efficiently and inhibit the growth of microbes. Additionally, higher body temperature can speed up the process of tissue repair.

To achieve this elevated temperature, the hypothalamus sends signals to various parts of the body, including muscles, which then generate heat by shivering, and blood vessels in the skin, which constrict to reduce heat loss. The body also responds with behavioral adjustments, such as seeking warmth or curling up, to further conserve heat and maintain the higher temperature.

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Answer:

Damage to property due to thunderstorms

Explanation:

Answer: Damage to property due to thunderstorms

Explanation:

Answer: conservation

Explanation:

Answer:

hyperactive muscles

Parkinson’s disease

cerebral palsy

Explanation:

aaag jus truss me

Answer:

Answer B

Explanation:

Sustainability relies on organisms helping each other in the food chain and in other interactions. If the biodiversity (range in different species) increased, there would be more types of organisms in that forest. This greatly increases sustainability. Example: An owl eats mice. If another type of rodent is introduced to the forest, the owl has even more food, if something were to happen to the mice. Sustainability in an ecosystem is how long it can stay alive. More species means more food sources for more species. Hope this helped! =)

The sustainability of the forest ecosystem would increase because there

would be more interactions between different species.

Biodiversity involves an ecosystem having a large amount of species of

different organisms. The large amount of organisms found in ecosystems

with high biodiversity means that there would be an increase in the

interaction between the organisms.

The interactions could be during the search of food or by living together in

the same forest ecosystem. This brings about an increase in sustainability

due to organisms having different food alternatives needed for their survival.

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Answer:

excretion is the removal of something out of the body, while secretion is the movement of something from one area to another.

Answer:

Omnivores

Explanation:

Omnivores, which feed on both plants and animals, can be considered as being both primary and secondary consumers.

Answer:

An organism cannot serve as both a main consumer and a secondary consumer at the same time in an ecological food web.

Explanation:

A primary consumer, usually referred to as a herbivore, consumes other producers such as plants directly. In a food chain or web, they are located on the second trophic level.

While a secondary consumer feeds on primary consumers. In a food chain or web, they are located on the third trophic level.

Each creature normally resides in a certain trophic level, which indicates its place in the movement of nutrients and energy through the ecosystem. An organism cannot occupy the primary consumer and secondary consumer levels at the same time, even if it can travel up or down the food chain/web by consuming other creatures

So, no organism can serve as both primary consumer and secondary consumer.

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Explanation:

Organisms (within populations) exhibit individual variation in appearance and behavior. These variations may involve body size, hair color, facial markings, voice properties, or number of offspring.

The discharge of hot water, even if it is pure, is termed thermal pollution due to the harmful consequences it can have on the ecological balance of the stream.

The primary reason is that the increase in water temperature can disrupt the natural balance and temperature regime of the stream. Aquatic organisms have adapted to specific temperature ranges, and sudden changes in temperature can negatively impact their physiological processes. Higher water temperatures can reduce the dissolved oxygen content, affecting the survival of fish and other aquatic organisms that require oxygen for respiration.

It can also disrupt the reproductive cycles and feeding habits of aquatic species, leading to population decline. Additionally, the elevated water temperature can promote the growth of certain algae and bacteria, altering the composition and biodiversity of the stream. This, in turn, can have cascading effects on the food web and overall ecosystem dynamics.

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The flow rate of sodium ions across an area of 12 nm × 12 nm is given by 1.25 × \(10^4\)times the concentration difference (ΔC) in units of m/s.

The flow rate of sodium ions across a biological membrane can be determined using Fick's law of diffusion, which states that the flow rate (J) is equal to the diffusion coefficient (D) multiplied by the concentration difference (ΔC) divided by the membrane thickness (L).

In this case, the membrane thickness is given as 12 nm, and the diffusion coefficient for sodium ions is 1.5 × \(10^{-4} m\²/s\).

To calculate the flow rate, we need to convert the area into square meters.

The given area of 12 nm × 12 nm is equal to (12 nm) × (12 nm) = \(144 nm\²\).

Converting \(nm\²\) to \(m\²\), we get

(\(144 nm\²\)) × (\(1 m\²/10^{18} nm\²\)) = 1.44 × \(10^{-17} m\²\).

Now we can substitute the values into the formula:

J = D × ΔC / L

J = (1.5 × \(10^{-4} m\²/s\)) × ΔC / (12 nm)

J = (1.5 × \(10^{-4} m\²/s\)) × ΔC / (12 × \(10^{-9\) m)

J = (1.25 × \(10^4\) ΔC) m/s

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The correct question is:

He diffusion coefficient for sodium ions crossing a biological membrane 12 nm thick is 1.5 × \(10^{-4}m\) 2/k. What flow rate of sodium ions would move across an area of 12 nm × 12 nm if the concentration difference.

Answer:

Photosynthesis is when plants convert sunlight, water, and oxygen into energy.

photosynthesis is how plants grow

Explanation:

Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organisms' activities. This chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules, such as sugars, which are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water – hence the name photosynthesis, In most cases, oxygen is also released as a waste product. Most plants, most algae, and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis; such organisms are called photoautotrophs. Photosynthesis is largely responsible for producing and maintaining the oxygen content of the Earth's atmosphere and supplies most of the energy necessary for life on Earth.

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The common reaction of two cysteine residues in proteins results in the formation of a "disulfide bond" or "disulfide bridge".

Cysteine is an amino acid that contains a thiol group (-SH) in its side chain. Under certain conditions, two cysteine residues in a protein can undergo oxidation, where the thiol groups of two cysteine residues react with each other to form a covalent bond called a disulfide bond.

The reaction involves the oxidation of the thiol groups to form a disulfide (-S-S-) linkage, resulting in the formation of a bridge between the two cysteine residues.

Disulfide bonds play an important role in the stabilization of protein structure, as they can form strong covalent links that help to maintain the three-dimensional shape of a protein.

Disulfide bonds can also be involved in protein-protein interactions, protein folding, and protein stability. The formation and breaking of disulfide bonds are reversible processes and can be influenced by cellular redox conditions, enzymes, and other factors.

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Answer:

1.nucleus

2.?

Explanation:

hope it'll help

Answer:DNA is found in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells and in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

Explanation:

\(EUKARYOTIC:\) Cells with a nucleus

\(PROKARYOTIC:\) Cells without a nucleus

\(EUKARYOTIC:\) Cells with lysosomes and peroxisomes

\(PROKARYOTIC:\) Cells without lysosomes and peroxisomes

\(EUKARYOTIC:\) Cells with the endoplasmic reticulum

\(PROKARYOTIC:\) Cells without the endoplasmic reticulum

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Answer:

Prokaryotes : -

Eukaryotes : -

If both parents are heterozygous for the FUT1 gene controlling the synthesis of the H substance (Hh), then the expected offspring results would be:

Type A with M antigen: 3/32

Type A with M and N antigens: 5/32

Type A with N antigen: 1/32

Type O with M antigen: 10/32

Type O with M and N antigens: 6/32

Type O with N antigen: 1/32

This is because the FUT1 gene is responsible for the synthesis of the H substance and heterozygous for the gene means that each parent has one dominant and one recessive allele.

As a result, each offspring has a 3:1 ratio of dominant to recessive alleles, so each type of offspring will have different probabilities of being expressed.

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Enzo's conclusion regarding the primates is most likely to be that they are less irritable now that they have more habitat to spread out.

The construction of the wire tunnel that runs through the trees and connects to a second habitat on the opposite side of the park gives the primates such as orangutans greater room to roam and explore, which can lessen the likelihood of fights and violent behavior.

Consequently, it is reasonable to infer that the greater space and more habitat offered to them are the causes of the decrease in conflicts between Kwame and Ikon.

Therefore, the correct option is A.

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