The two vital ongoing activities necessary for creating boundaryless organizations that managers today must concern themselves with are
A. financial returns and marketplace value.
B. market share and shareholder value.
C. type of structure, mechanisms, processes, and techniques for enhancing permeability.
D. product marketability and capital structure.

Answers

Answer 1

The two vital ongoing activities necessary for creating boundary less organizations that managers today must concern themselves with are :

Structures, their workings, procedures, and methods for improving permeability.

What is meant by boundary less organization ?

An organisation that actively dismantles barriers to innovation is said to be "boundary less," which means that it is more integrated and has less hierarchy and functional division. This makes it possible for ideas, information, and innovations to flow freely.

A notion in organizational design is a bourndaryless organisation. An organisation that has no vertical, horizontal, or exterior boundaries that are imposed by predefined structures is referred to as a boundaryless organisation.

The concept behind this model is to outsource the majority of the operations while keeping just the strategic and value-generating tasks in-house. Toyota is an illustration of a business that practices this.

To learn more about bounder less organization refer to :

https://brainly.com/question/29870907

#SPJ4


Related Questions

Write a list of at least 3 things that Eric has done right before applying for a loan.


Answers

Answer:

A. Three important Items to double check before submitting a loan application to underwriting.

• Completeness of data : One has to be sure that all important details are captured hence none is left out. It means that there are no missing information on the application.

• Calculations performed accurately: This means that calculations such as borrower's income, qualifying ratios are calculated accurately and also double checked for the purpose of the loan underwriting.

• Documentations required by the loan programme. All Documentations required by the loan programme must be double checked before submitting a loan application to underwriting.

B. List at least two things you would be sure to tell a borrower in preparation for closing

• I will seek clarity in terms of the money borrower would be bringing to the closing table.

• The date,time,venue of closing are essential for the closing hence will be communicated to the borrower. Also, there are no right or wrong answers that may be asked or given by the borrower during the closing.

C. List at least three calculations that are typically used during the course of mortgage loan transaction.

• Income calculation

• Front end and back end ratio (DTI ratio)

• Monthly payment.

Explanation:

The three things that Eric has done before making a loan application are as follows:

Careful examination of loan applicationCommunication to the borrowing party regarding the closing of the loanComputations related to the loan transaction

What is a loan?

A loan is an amount given to the borrowing party at an interest rate that can be annual, monthly, or quarterly basis by the lender.

Eric should make sure the three following things:

He should carefully read the loan agreement and its causes before accepting it by signing the document. He must ensure that the data is accurate and the calculations are correct in themselves.He should communicate with the borrower about the closing time period in advance so that no delay could happen.He computes the monthly installment to be paid by the borrower on the basis of his income and debt-income ratio.

Therefore, the three things which Eric should check have been explained above.

Learn more about the loan in the related link:

https://brainly.com/question/8347317

#SPJ2


If a firm’s business activities do not result in profit maximization, whilst alternatives exist, then such activities amount to irresponsible actions. Discuss any five sets of economic responsibilities firms must embrace to ensure the protection and enhancement of the business.

Answers

Answer:

The five steps of economic responsibilities firms should embrace includes the following: (1) By using resources efficiently (2) Organizational structure (3) Outsource (4) Continuous Improvement (5) Bench-Marking

Explanation:

Solution

The 5 sets of economic responsibilities firms should embrace include the following:

1)Use resources efficiently: Existing resources such as funds, infrastructure,  man power,transport must be effective by the companies. Companies must have genuine policies and companies must guarantee that people are following the laid down standards and policies in making sure that operational costs are as low as feasible.

2)Organizational structure: Must guarantee that organizational structure and payoffs are right.

Organizational structure is necessary so as the manpower is not changed and all departments have the needed manpower only. Also, the payment gaps between different must be sufficient instead of excessive. There must not exist a large gap increase rate of average salaries of top executives and average salaries of lower level employees.

3)Outsource: Companies must outsource processes if the cost of outsourcing operations is lower than the cost of internal operations. for this it save a lots of costs.

4)Continuous Improvement: The welcoming of continuous improvement projects in the organizations to minimize the costs of operations shows that costs are saved.

5)Bench marking: Benchmark all the costs against industry leaders and aspire to become the most low cost operator to earn more profits.

. Explain why the tax multiplier is different from the government purchases multiplier, in both sign and relative magnitude.

Answers

Explanation:

This is the case because the tax multiplier has a negative sign due to the negative magnitude or lesser impact it has on the economy.

For example, when government cut taxes income may increase, however not everyone of those income will be spent in the economy because some of it may be saved.

However, a change in government purchases will have a positive impact as well as larger effect on the economy than a mere change in the tax multiplier.

In summary, the tax multiplier is different from the government purchases multiplier, in both sign and relative magnitude because of the varying degrees of their usage.

how changes in customers affect retail business industry?​

Answers

Explanation:

it affects the retailer by if they gave a good in a highest price then if that product is not sold then it would happen.

Explain with examples all financial statements and how they are done

Answers

Answer:

They are: (1) balance sheets; (2) income statements; (3) cash flow statements; and (4) statements of shareholders' equity. Balance sheets show what a company owns and what it owes at a fixed point in time. Income statements show how much money a company made and spent over a period of time.

Explanation:

hope this helps :)

What are the four bases of market segmentation?

Answers

Answer:

Demographic segmentation.

Psychographic segmentation.

Behavioral segmentation.

Geographic segmentation

Explanation:

No way of explaining this at the moment! Sorry!

Part 2 - Drill and Kill- Answer the following questions.
Units produced per hour
Baskets
Rings
Isaac
Sarah
6
5
24
10-
1. Is this an output problem or an input
problem? OUTPUT
2. What is Isaac's opportunity cost of
producing 1 basket?
3. What is Sarah's opportunity cost or
producing 1 ring?
4. What is Isaac's opportunity cost of
producing 1 ring?
5. What is Sarah's opportunity cost of
producing 1 basket?
6. Who has the absolute advantage in
producing baskets?
7. Who has the absolute advantage in
producing rings?
8. Who has the comparative advantage in
producing baskets?
9. Who has the comparative advantage in
producing rings?
10. What would acceptable terms of trade
be between Isaac and Sarah?
Canada
Mexico
Hours to produce one unit
Skyscraper
Space Shuttle
600
800
500
1000
1. Is this an output problem or an input
problem? Out Put
2. What is Canada's opportunity cost of
producing skyscraper?
3. What is Mexico's opportunity cost or
producing 1 space shuttle?
4. What is Canada's opportunity cost of
producing 1 space shuttle?
5. What is Mexico's opportunity cost of
producing 1 skyscraper?
6. Who has the absolute advantage in
producing skyscrapers?
115
7. Who has the absolute advantage in
producing space shuttles?
8. Who has the comparative advantage
in producing space shuttles?
9. Who has the comparative advantage
in producing skyscrapers?
10. What would acceptable terms of
trade be between Canada and
Mexico?

Answers

The responses to each question on opportunity cost are as follows:

This is an output problem.Isaac's opportunity cost of producing 1 basket is 5 rings.Sarah's opportunity cost of producing 1 ring is 0.4 baskets.Isaac's opportunity cost of producing 1 ring is 0.2 baskets.Sarah's opportunity cost of producing 1 basket is 2.5 rings.

What are the responses to other questions?

The following are responses to the questions on absolute advantage:

6. Isaac has the absolute advantage in producing baskets.

7. Sarah has the absolute advantage in producing rings.

8. Isaac has the comparative advantage in producing baskets.

9. Sarah has the comparative advantage in producing rings.

10. Acceptable terms of trade would depend on the specific negotiation between Isaac and Sarah. However, a possible acceptable term of trade could be exchanging 1 basket for 3 rings.

1. Is this an output problem or an input problem?

- This is an output problem.

2. What is Canada's opportunity cost of producing a skyscraper?

- Canada's opportunity cost of producing a skyscraper is 800 space shuttles.

3. What is Mexico's opportunity cost of producing 1 space shuttle?

- Mexico's opportunity cost of producing 1 space shuttle is 0.625 skyscrapers.

4. What is Canada's opportunity cost of producing 1 space shuttle?

- Canada's opportunity cost of producing 1 space shuttle is 0.75 skyscrapers.

5. What is Mexico's opportunity cost of producing 1 skyscraper?

- Mexico's opportunity cost of producing 1 skyscraper is 1.6 space shuttles.

6. Who has the absolute advantage in producing skyscrapers?

- Canada has the absolute advantage in producing skyscrapers.

7. Who has the absolute advantage in producing space shuttles?

- Mexico has the absolute advantage in producing space shuttles.

8. Who has the comparative advantage in producing space shuttles?

- Mexico has the comparative advantage in producing space shuttles.

9. Who has the comparative advantage in producing skyscrapers?

- Canada has the comparative advantage in producing skyscrapers.

10. What would acceptable terms of trade be between Canada and Mexico?

- Acceptable terms of trade would depend on the specific negotiation between Canada and Mexico. However, a possible acceptable term of trade could be exchanging 1 space shuttle for 2.5 skyscrapers.

learn more about opportunity cost: https://brainly.com/question/1549591

#SPJ1

Market trends of software engineer

Answers

A recent popular approach in software engineering is GitOps. The growing popularity of cloud-native software and Kubernetes stimulates the wider adoption of GitOps — the practice for infrastructure automation and its integration with the CI/CD pipeline.

Market trends of software engineer

narrate a right you have witnessed​

Answers

Answer:

The point of present perfect (e.g. has witnessed)is that it deemphasizes the time at which the event occured and even the number of times it occured,and emphasizes merely that there was at least one occurrence before the present.

Which of these is not an example of good practice when differentiating phonological awareness instruction?


a.

Increasing the intensity of instruction by teaching in smaller group sizes.


b.

Expecting all children to be able to produce rhyming words at the same time of the year.


c.

Increasing the intensity of instruction by giving individual children more opportunities to respond.


d.

Supporting children's understanding of an activity by using visual supports.

Answers

The option that is not an example of good practice when differentiating phonological awareness instruction is (b) Expecting all children to be able to produce rhyming words at the same time of the year.

What is good practice?

Recognizing that children learn at various speeds and have varied degrees of preparedness is a key component of good practice in differentiating phonological awareness training. It is unrealistic to anticipate that all kids will develop at the same rate.

Each child's unique requirements and talents are taken into account while differentiating instruction. Therefore, it is inconsistent with the ideas of differentiation to expect all kids to be able to come up with rhymes at the same time of the year.

Therefore the correct option is b.

Learn more about good practice here:https://brainly.com/question/14667914

#SPJ1

Suppose that the Federal Reserve Bank announces that it will be making a change to a key interest rate to increase the money supply. This is likely because
Group of answer choices

A.)the Federal Reserve Bank is worried about inflation.

B.)the Federal Reserve Bank is worried about unemployment.

C.)the Federal Reserve Bank is hoping to reduce the demand for goods and services.

D.)the Federal Reserve Bank is worried that the economy is growing too quickly.

Answers

Answer:

A.)the Federal Reserve Bank is worried about inflation.

Explanation:

Give me brainliest if that helped!

The level of analysis for the Industry environment is the _____ level:

Answers

Luv I don’t know sorry very sorry

Why do you think L.L. Bean empowered its employees to make independent decisions that ultimately have financial consequences?

Answers

Answer:

(Note please, the background of L.L. Bean was not stated. I am answering on a general note.)

L.L. Bean empowered its employees to make independent decisions that ultimately have financial consequences so as to save time needed to consult superior authorities for directions.

Explanation:

In the course of business, some customers might have needs and inquiries that have to be responded to on the spot so that they do not lose their patience and move to other competitors.

When an organization empowers its employees to make independent decisions that might affect the company financially, it is in a bid to serve the customers better by saving their time. This also instills trust and confidence in the company because the employees are knowledgeable of their services.

The Federal Reserve System of the United States is responsible for the conduct of U.S. ________ policy. bank control

Answers

Answer:

monetary policy.

monetary would be your answer

How is one product determined to specialize in between the two

Answers

Answer:

Specialization is a method of production whereby an entity focuses on the production of a limited scope of goods to gain a greater degree of efficiency. Many countries, for example, specialize in producing the goods and services that are native to their part of the world, and they trade them for other goods and services.

Mark it as Brainliest  if it helps!!!

Blank and blank is another word for networking

Answers

"Socializing" and "Connecting" are other words that can be used to describe networking.

In the context of marketing management philosophies, a sales orientation aims at

Answers

Answer:

In the context of marketing management philosophies, a sales orientation aims at: Pushing manufacturers' products more aggressively to achieve high profits. A production orientation philosophy focuses on: Assessing the resources of a firm.

TB MC Qu. 09-137 (Algo) Kragle Corporation reported the following...
Kragle Corporation reported the following financial data for one of its divisions for the year, average assets of $570,000; sales of $1,030,000; and income
of $125,660. The investment center profit marginis:
Multiple Choice

Answers

To calculate the investment center profit margin for Kragle Corporation's division, we can use the formula:
Profit Margin = Income / Sales

So, the investment center profit margin for this division is:
Profit Margin = $125,660 / $1,030,000 = 0.122 or 12.2%.

Therefore, the correct answer is:
Option C) 12.2%

An entrepreneur is looking to open a restaurant in a town with only one other restaurant. The incumbent restaurant is very successful with high profits. Which of the following business strategies are most likely to allow the entrepreneur to start a profitable restaurant? Select all that apply. Offer the most popular dish served by the incumbent restaurant. Open the restaurant location near the incumbent restaurant. Use new technology and business practices to cut variable costs lower than the incumbent restaurant. Specialize in a type of cuisine not served by other restaurants in the region.

Answers

Answer:

Options C and D would be the correct options.

Explanation:

The technological innovation will decrease costs and raise income, even though the other establishment launches a trade dispute, it seems to be profitable.  Specializing in some other quality of diet creates significant consumers and that could stick to something like a restaurant that will boost the product revenue and profit.Fining the least expensive could begin price competition and that it's necessary to play on quality to make costing fewer costly. The upscale steakhouse may have cheaper price capacities than that of the new ones. Specializing in almost the same product will boost rivalry, although with the old store, that the very first leading benefit is.  

Many alternatives have no relation to the given instance. Therefore the answer to the above seems to be the right one.

What is the new annual dollar limit per taxpayer for the Energy Efficient Home Improvement Credit for Tax Year 2023?

Answers

Annual Limits $300 for any single energy property item. $150 for any qualified natural gas, propane, or oil furnace and hot water boiler. $50 for any advanced main air circulating fans. $1,200 for the entire credit for most taxpayers.

Who is a taxpayer?

A taxpayer is an individual or entity that is required to pay taxes. In the United States, individuals and businesses may be taxpayers. Taxpayers are typically required to pay taxes to the government on income, sales, and property. The amount of tax that a taxpayer is required to pay is generally based on their income or the value of their property.

Therefore, the correct answer is as given above

learn more about taxpayer: https://brainly.com/question/28544050

#SPJ1

the amount of accelarated death benefits that will be paid to an insured

Answers

Answer:

hope this will help you

Explanation:

Accelarated death benefits can be as high as 95% of the death benefits. Typically the insurance company sets a maximum benefit account based on life expectancy and , the policyholder make the final decision of how much a finanical advance they require. Accelarated death benefits are not taxed

Give a deeper understanding and explanation on this qoute:  "LEADERS DON'T FORCE PEOPLE  TO FOLLOW, THEY INVITE THEM ON A JOURNEY"​

Answers

Answer:

Entrepreneur, author and speaker Charles S. Lauer said it best: “Leaders don't force people to follow; they invite them on a journey.” There is no “journey” in executing trivial demands designated by a superior. Good leadership tantalizes the imagination, provokes emotion and inspires visions of adventure.

please mark me brainliest if it helps you

"home is the best place for a sewing machine" what does it mean?​

Answers

This sounds like more of an english question? But my best guess would be that home is the best place to solve issues or holes in a relationship. This makes sense because a sewing machine is used to fix holes.

A joint production process at Berry Lane Farm results in two​ products, blackberry syrup and blackberry jam. The following cost and activity data relate to these two​ products: Blackberry syrup Blackberry jam Joint costs allocated ​$10,000 ​$12,000 Number of units produced from joint process Selling price at splitoff point ​$1.75 Selling price after processing further ​$2.00 Cost of processing further Blackberry syrup can be sold asis ​(at the splitoff ​point) for per​ unit, or it can be processed further into a specialty blackberry juice and then sold for per unit. If blackberry syrup is processed further into the specialty blackberry​ juice, what would be the overall effect on operating​ income?

Answers

Answer: C. $ 2,750 net increase in operating income

Explanation:

Income if Blackberry syrup is sold as is;

= Sales price * No. of units

= 2.90 * 1,900

= $5,510

Income if Blackberry Syrup is processed further;

= (Sales price * No. of units) - Processing costs

= ( 5.4 * 1,900) - 2,000

= 10,260 - 2,000

= $8,260

Difference;

= 8,260 - 5,510

= $2,750

Your company has a policy to use long-term debt to finance inventory and receivables.
A. This is a restrictive short-term financing policy
B. This policy has higher carrying cost
C. This policy has higher shortage cost
D. This policy leads to higher default risk

Answers

Answer:

D. This policy leads to higher default risk.

Explanation:

Financing a company's long term debt by its current assets is risky. Current assets are used to run day to day business operations. If the current assets fall below minimum level the working capital of the firm will decline resulting in risk to business operations continuity.

A shop can sell at most 200 pairs of socks and at most 100 pairs of shoes. To maximize the profit, they have decided to make 2 offers. Offer 1 is a package of 1 pair of socks and 1 pair of shoes. Offer 2 is a package of 3 pairs of socks and 1 pair of shoes. The shop sells offer 1 for 30$ and offer 2 for 50$. They also want to sell at least 20 packages of offer 1 and at least 10 packages of offer 2. How many packages of each offer do they have to sell to maximize the profit

Answers

Answer:

50 packages of offer 1 and 50 packages of offer 2

Explanation:

Determine How many packages of each offer do they have to sell to maximize the profit

Number of package of offer 1 = x

Number of package of offer 2 = y

Applying the LPP model

max Z = 30 x + 50 y  ----  ( 1 )

now subject to the constraints from Linear programming

x + 3y ≤ 200  ------ L1

x + y ≤ 100 ------ L2

x ≥ 20 ------------- L3

y ≥ 10 -------------- L4

therefore the number of packages of each offer that can be sold to maximize profit will be : X = 50 and Y = 50  referring to equation from the LPP model  considering that the shop can sell at most 100 pairs

The economic success of businesses such as the British South Africa Company was in part dependent on which of the following developments in the late nineteenth century?
answer choices
O The migrations of indentured workers from Asia
O The increasing availability and variety of consumer goods
O The development of new technologies such as the telegraph
O The adoption of innovative practices in banking and finance

Answers

As customers' expectations change, innovation helps banks: Make internal procedures more efficient. their market share is constant.

What are key drivers for innovation in banking?

Meeting the evolving needs of their customers is made possible by innovation. Consolidate internal procedures. hold onto their market share.

Innovation addresses challenging business challenges, facilitates true digital enterprise transformation, and has the potential to radically alter how your firm runs. Having a digital strategy is insufficient. Financial institutions must develop a business plan aimed at succeeding in a world that is entirely digital.

Various dynamics that all market participants strive to control are what propel developments in this open banking platform economy. The ecosystem itself, user experience centricity, and data are the major forces accelerating innovation in open banking.

Therefore, the correct answer is option d) The adoption of innovative practices in banking and finance.

To learn more about innovation in banking refer to:

https://brainly.com/question/28303909

#SPJ4

Discuss the relationship between competition and consumer expectations.

Answers

Answer:

The relationship between competition and consumer expectations is by what the compitition is creating in terms of product and functionability. And the consumer expectation is what will help the by buying into this product.

Explanation:

The two main types of e-commerce are

Answers

Answer:

B2B (Business to business) and B2C (Business to consumer)

Bob Martino has a home mortgage on a vacation home with ABC Co., a local credit union. Which condition would allow him to work on the firm's audit of ABC?

1) No condition would allow him to work on the audit.

2) He will charge less than 20 hours to the credit union's audit.

3) His loan is not material to his net worth.

4) He is not the lead engagement partner or manager on the account.

Answers

Based on the information, the condition that would allow him to work on the firm's audit of ABC is  His loan is not material to his net worth. Thus the correct option is D.

Bob Martino would need permission from ABC management in order to participate in the corporate audit of ABC Co., a financial institution.

Bob Martino would need permission to refrain from using any private information gained from the credit union audit for his or her own benefit in order to qualify for the exemption.

The auditing company would need to determine whether his loan is material to his net worth in order to make sure he is not swayed by his own financial interests.

Therefore, option D is appropriate.

To know more about the audit of a firm, click here

brainly.com/question/28238523

#SPJ1

Other Questions
9 square root of 72i need the answer soon A mail distribution center processes asmany as 175,000 pieces of mail each day.The mail is sent via ground and air. Eachland carrier takes 1500 pieces per loadand each air carrier 1250 pieces perload. The loading equipment is able tohandle as many as 200 loads per day.Let x be the number of loads by land carriersand y the number of loads by air carriers. Whichsystem of inequalities represents this situation?Click on the correct answer.1500x + 1250y 175,000 x+y2001250x + 1500y 175,000 x+y 2001500x + 1250y 175,000 x+y 2001250x + 1500y 175,000 x+y 200 As a business owner, why would understanding the basic accounting equation be important? Use the drop-down menus to complete the statementsabout the document.The proposed world organization" mentioned in thedocument refers toThis document was issued at theThe document was signed by Question 9 Multiple Choice Worth 1 points)0(02.06 LC)Which of the following is an example of good etiquette when doing yoga in a studio?Arriving five minutes laid to classCleaning a borrowed mat after using itSpeaking loudly to a person across the roomUsing a cell phone during class Need help ASAP!!!! 20 points!Why did most unions lose public support in the early 1900s? Choose four answers.A. People feared unions wanted to overthrow the government.B. People blamed unions for the consequences of a strike.C. People thought unions promoted unpopular socialist ideas.D. Unions came out against the farming community.E. Unions supported American involvement in World War I.F. Unions were thought of as violent troublemakers. 8. in corn, purple kernels (p) are dominant to yellow kernels (p), and staroby kornela (su) are dominant to cugary kornela (su). a com plant grown from a purple and starchy kernel is crossed with a plant grown from a yellow and sugary kernel, and the following progony (kernels) are produced: phenotype number purple, starchy 150 purple, sugary 142 yellow, starchy 161 16 yellow, sugary 115 formulate a hypothesis about the genotypes of the parents and offspring in this crose. perform a chi-square goodness-of-fit test comparing the observed numbers of progony with the numbers expected based on your genetic hypothesis. what conclusion can you draw based on the results of your chi-square test? can you suggest an explanation for the observed results? how disability is viewed as a social construct besides african americans, another traditionally rural group, which used service in the armed forces as a springboard to postwar urban life was It's been 25 years since the federal gas tax went up running an ampty. Source: APR Oetabet 5,20 Would a tax per mile deiven by more efficient or bess efficiest than a tax par galion of gasoline? Which tar would be moee regressive? A tax per as mare efficient because A. mite criven; a tax per galion of gasoine crestes ineticiency by making the price lower for veens of smal economy vetices and thigher for users of laper haery vehides B. mie diverc a tax per mile diven is bome equally per mile of road use ty all read users C. gallon of gasoline: larger, heavy vehicles that vse more gas inpose a higher mayinal social cost on road use D. galon of oasoline; the povemment can more easly colect thas eax than a tax per min diven Why does Torvald feel he "dare not trust" the children to Nora after he has read the letter? a pie-shaped (triangular) lake-front lot has a perimeter of 1300 feet. one side is 100 feet longer than the shortest side, while the third side is 300 feet longer than the shortest side. find the lengths of all three sides. the product of two positive integers is 18. the positive difference of these two integers is 3. what is the sum of the two integers? What is the largest possible value x could take given that it must be an integer? x < 5 How long do you have to be a citizen ? A cylinder has a height of 5 meters and a diameter that is 4 times the measure of the height. Using 3.14 for pi, which of the following can be used to calculate the volume? A.)(3.14)(5m)2(10m) B.)(3.14)(5m)2(20m) C.)(3.14)(10m)2(5m) D.)(3.14)(20m)2(5m) Production Possibilities for Coffee and Tea udnuty or iea How much tea is gained and what is the cost in coffee? a. In moving from U to V tea is gained at the cost of coffee. b. In moving from W to X tea is gained at the cost of coffee. c. In moving from Y to Z tea is gained at the cost of coffee. the ego is ruled by the principle. the ego is ruled by the principle. pleasure reality superego anger Carrie started at the southeast corner of Frankllin Park, walked north 240 yards, turned and walked west 80 yards, and then turned and walked diagonally back to where she started. What is the area of the triangle enclosed by the path she walked? Vaccination and health records are not required in the child-care facility:For infants.For all children.For school-age children.In child-care homes.in child-care centers.