The molecule cytochrome c supports the theory of evolution as biochemical evidence. Which of the following is part of that evidence?

A. All of the above answers describe reasons why cytochrome c supports the theory of evolution.
B. Cytochrome c plays a role critical to survival.
C. Cytochrome c has the same function in all organisms.
D. Cytochrome c is found in a variety of organisms from yeast to humans.
E. The genetic code for cytochrome c differs among species.

Answer:

quartz gypsum pyrite magnetite graphite fluorite talc

Explanation:

Answer:

2\(X^BX^b\):2\(X^BY\)

Explanation:

The genotypic ratio of expected of their offspring would be 2\(X^BX^b\):2\(X^BY\).

From the illustration, the genotype of the man with male pattern baldness is \(X^bY\) while the genotype of the woman without the baldness allele is \(X^BX^B\).

Crossing the two genotypes in marriage:

                           \(X^bY\)   x   \(X^BX^B\)

Progeny: \(X^BX^b\)    \(X^BX^b\)    \(X^BY\)       \(X^BY\)

Hence, the genotypic ratio of the offspring becomes:

2\(X^BX^b\):2\(X^BY\)

Answer: Heterozygous, as related to genetics, refers to having inherited different versions (alleles) of a genomic marker from each biological parent. Thus, an individual who is heterozygous for a genomic marker has two different versions of that marker. By contrast, an individual who is homozygous for a marker has identical versions of that marker.

Organisms can be homozygous or heterozygous for a gene. Homozygous means that the organism has two copies of the same allele for a gene. An organism can be homozygous dominant, if it carries two copies of the same dominant allele, or homozygous recessive, if it carries two copies of the same recessive allele. Heterozygous means that an organism has two different alleles of a gene. For example, pea plants can have red flowers and either be homozygous dominant (red-red), or heterozygous (red-white). If they have white flowers, then they are homozygous recessive (white-white). Carriers are always heterozygous. People with CF are homozygous recessive. Since Huntington's disease is autosomal dominant, people with the disease can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous.

Their is the definitions hope this clears it up a tad for you.

hope i helped

Explanation:

Crossing over occurs during the pachytene stage of meiosis and leads to the formation of genetically diverse gametes, contributing to genetic variation and evolution.

Crossing over, also known as genetic recombination, occurs during the prophase I stage of meiosis. Prophase I is the longest and most complex phase of meiosis and is further divided into several sub-stages: leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene, and diakinesis. It is during the pachytene stage that crossing over occurs. During pachytene, homologous chromosomes pair up and align with each other. Within each pair of homologous chromosomes, there are regions called chiasmata where crossing over occurs.

Crossing over involves the exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes. This exchange results in the shuffling and mixing of genetic information, promoting genetic diversity. Crossing over is a crucial process in meiosis as it introduces genetic variation by creating new combinations of alleles. It helps in generating unique gametes with different combinations of genetic material, increasing the genetic diversity within a population. The resulting recombinant chromosomes carry a combination of genetic traits inherited from both parents.

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Answer: the second and last one

Explanation:

Answer: B and D

Daughter cells are the same type of cell as the parent cell.

Proper cell division balances the death of older cells with the creation of new cells.

Answer:

B.) Humans make glycogen but cannot make starch, which is only found in plants

Explanation:

Humans store carbohydrates as glycogen, whereas plants store extra carbohydrates as starch.

Discussion, projects, campaigns and events can support victims of drugs abuse by making them aware of the effect and also as a n avenue for them to share their issues so as to gain support from people.

This involves the excessive use of drugs which results in creating pleasurable effects on the brain. This usually leads to addiction and destroys vital cells of the body such as that of the liver, lungs etc.

Discussion, projects, campaigns and events can support victims of drug abuse due to the awareness it creates so that people can stay away from it in any form.

The affected individuals are usually offered support such as referring them to rehabilitation centers when their issues are said to the members of the team so as to ensure that they are able to recover fully from it without relapse.

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The given reaction will occur in the cell, it is kinetically favored, even though it’s thermodynamically unfavored. The correct answer will be B.

The fact that the reaction malate + NAD+ → oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ has a ∆G˚' ≈ +30 kJ/mol means that the reaction is not thermodynamically favorable under standard conditions.

However, in muscle cells, the reaction proceeds from left to right, i.e., malate is converted to oxaloacetate. This is possible because in the cell, the reaction is kinetically favored, even though it is thermodynamically unfavored.

Enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions and can lower the activation energy required for the reaction to occur, making it more favorable.

In this case, the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the reaction from malate to oxaloacetate is more effective in the forward direction.

Additionally, the concentrations of the reactants and products in the cell are not at equilibrium, which also drives the reaction forward.

The enzyme responsible for catalyzing the reaction from malate to oxaloacetate is more effective in the forward direction, and the concentrations of reactants and products are not at equilibrium.

Therefore, option B is the correct answer. In the cell, the reaction is kinetically favored, even though it is thermodynamically unfavored.

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Question

Consider the following reaction which has a ∆G˚' ≈ +30 kJ/mol. malate + NAD+ —> oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ In muscle cells, the reaction proceeds as written, i.e., from left to right. How can this occur?

a. It is thermodynamically favored under standard conditions.

b. In the cell, it is kinetically favored, even though it’s thermodynamically unfavored.

c. The concentration of malate must be higher than oxaloacetate for this reaction to occur in the cell.

d. The enzyme can only catalyze the reaction in that direction

b. In the cell, it is kinetically favored, even though it’s thermodynamically unfavored. The direction of a reaction in a cell is not solely determined by the free energy change (∆G), but also by other factors such as enzyme activity and concentration of reactants and products.

In this case, the reaction is thermodynamically unfavorable under standard conditions (∆G˚' ≈ +30 kJ/mol), but in the cell, it is kinetically favored due to the presence of enzymes that can catalyze the reaction in the forward direction. Additionally, the concentration of reactants and products can also be regulated in the cell to favor the forward reaction.

The Gibbs free energy change (∆G) of a reaction is an important factor in determining whether a reaction will proceed spontaneously under standard conditions. A positive value of ∆G indicates that the reaction is thermodynamically unfavored, while a negative value of ∆G indicates that the reaction is thermodynamically favored.

However, it is important to note that under cellular conditions, other factors such as enzyme activity, substrate and product concentrations, and cellular energy levels can also influence the direction of a reaction, even if it is thermodynamically unfavored. In the case of the malate + NAD+ -> oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ reaction, the ∆G˚' value of +30 kJ/mol suggests that it is thermodynamically unfavored under standard conditions.

However, in muscle cells, the reaction proceeds from left to right, indicating that it is occurring despite being thermodynamically unfavored. This suggests that other factors, such as enzyme activity or substrate and product concentrations, are driving the reaction in that direction.

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We dye our gels with Ethidium bromide or Gel Red dyes because these dyes stain the double-stranded DNA in our gel.

Ethidium bromide and Gel Red dyes are intercalating agents that bind to the double-stranded DNA in the gel, causing the DNA to fluoresce under ultraviolet light. This makes it easier to visualize the DNA in the gel and to determine the size and amount of DNA fragments. Ethidium bromide and Gel Red dyes are commonly used in molecular biology techniques such as gel electrophoresis, DNA sequencing, and PCR. These dyes are not used to stain proteins or single-stranded RNAs as they are specific for double-stranded DNA. Other dyes and stains are used for staining proteins and single-stranded RNAs.

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The biological species concept is a widely accepted way of defining a species. It states that a species is a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce viable offspring. However, this concept has some limitations. One limitation is that it cannot be applied to organisms that reproduce asexually or those that have hybridization or introgression with other species.

In these cases, it becomes difficult to determine if the individuals belong to the same species or not. Another limitation is that the biological species concept cannot account for morphological and genetic variations within a species. In some cases, two populations that are considered different species under this concept may be able to interbreed and produce viable offspring.

Therefore, while the biological species concept is useful for many cases, it is important to recognize its limitations and use alternative concepts for cases where it cannot be applied. In conclusion, the biological species concept has its limitations

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With the use of modelling clay and beans, students will simulate meiosis and mitosis while learning about finding of allopurinol, which made it possible to eat watermelon without seeds.

With the same chromosome count in their parent cell, each of the two daughter cells produced during mitosis is identical to the parent cell. While meiosis creates four distinct clones, each of which contains half as many chromosome as the parent cell, it also results in the death of the original cell.

In meiosis, cells divide twice rather than once, while mitosis only happens once. Mitosis and cytoplasm division result in the production of two daughter cells, whereas meiosis results in the production of four daughter cells. children's cells.

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Answer:

9 pm

Explanation:

A pulls into the station every 6 hours while B pulls into the station every 3 hours. Hence, for every time A pulls up, B must have pulled up twice.

They both pulled into the station at 3 pm. At 6 pm (3 pm + 3 hours), B would pull into the station while A would still be on the road. At 9 pm (3 pm + 6 hours), B will pull in once more while A will just be pulling up the first time since 3 pm.

Hence, the next time both trains will pull into the station at the same time would be 9 pm.

The percentage of the progeny that would have anther ear, fine stripe, and colorless aleurone is 100%.

If the wild type parent that was selfed had the genotype: an f / an f; cc, then 100% of the progeny would have anther ear, fine stripe, and colorless aleurone.

This is because the parent is homozygous for both the an f and cc genes, meaning that they have two copies of each of these genes. When the parent self-fertilizes, each progeny will inherit one copy of each gene from the parent.

Since the parent has two copies of the an f gene, all of the progeny will inherit one copy of this gene and will therefore have anther ear. Similarly, since the parent has two copies of the cc gene, all of the progeny will inherit one copy of this gene and will therefore have colorless aleurone.

In terms of the fine stripe gene, the parent is also homozygous for this gene, meaning that all of the progeny will inherit one copy of this gene and will therefore have fine stripe.

Therefore, the percentage of the progeny that would have anther ear, fine stripe, and colorless aleurone is 100%.

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Answer:

Eukaryotic cells contain many membrane-enclosed, large, complex organelles in the cytoplasm whereas prokaryotic cells do not contain these membrane-bound organelles. ... Only eukaryotes possess a membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles such as the mitochondria, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes and ER.

Answer:

Maybe 40°C

Explanation:

because at higher temperatures the enzymes get denatured lost their shapes so maybe its 40°C

i hope it's right if not so advance sorry :)

must be placed in the Plantae kingdom

Scientists investigated the effect of oxygen levels on the net rate of carbon fixation in two types of plants.

The net rate of carbon fixation refers to the overall rate at which plants convert carbon dioxide (CO2) into organic compounds through photosynthesis. In this study, researchers examined how different oxygen levels affected this process in two types of plants.

Photosynthesis involves two main processes: the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions (also known as the Calvin cycle). During the light-dependent reactions, oxygen is produced as a byproduct, while the light-independent reactions involve the fixation of carbon dioxide into organic molecules.

The oxygen levels in the environment can affect the net rate of carbon fixation in plants. Higher oxygen levels can inhibit the activity of the enzyme RuBisCO, which is crucial for the fixation of carbon dioxide. This inhibition can lead to a decrease in the net rate of carbon fixation. However, different plants may have different abilities to adapt to varying oxygen levels. Some plants, known as C4 plants, have mechanisms that minimize the inhibition of RuBisCO by oxygen, allowing them to continue fixing carbon efficiently even under higher oxygen conditions.

By investigating the effect of oxygen levels on carbon fixation in different types of plants, scientists can gain insights into the adaptations and physiological mechanisms that enable plants to thrive in various environments.

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As we can see in the punnet square we have a recessive homozygous and a dominant homozygous, in the possible combinations that can have the offspring, that is to say the letters inside square we can see that all are heterozygus, e

Briggs' conclusion regarding auxin movement in seedlings in response to light would depend on the specific hypothesis tested and the results obtained from the experiments conducted.

If Briggs' hypothesis was supported by the experimental data, his conclusion may state that auxin movement in seedlings is influenced by light and provide evidence to support this claim. For example, he may have found that light affects the direction or speed of auxin movement in seedlings, or that the concentration of auxin changes in response to light exposure.

On the other hand, if Briggs' hypothesis was not supported by the experimental data, his conclusion may state that there is no significant effect of light on auxin movement in seedlings, or that the results do not support the initial hypothesis. Briggs may also discuss potential reasons for the lack of support, such as experimental limitations or the need for further investigation.

It's important to note that without specific details about Briggs' research and findings, any statement about his conclusion would be speculative. The actual conclusion would be based on the results obtained from the experiments conducted and the analysis of those results.

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After testing the hypothesis regarding auxin movement in seedlings in response to light, Briggs concluded which of the following?

Answer: The true color of an extinct animal is usually exactly correct

Explanation:

Scientists determine dinosaur colours, for example, by studying melanosomes found in uncovered fossils using contemporary technology and knowledge. To give an example, certain dinosaurs can be seen with black feathers, while others have a rusty red colour

Males and females exhibit distinct differences in bone growth and development, including timing, magnitude, and patterns. Males experience a pronounced growth spurt, leading to increased height and broader shoulders, while females undergo gradual growth. Male adults generally have higher bone density.

During the course of development from infancy to adulthood, there are several key differences in bone growth and development between males and females.

In infancy and early childhood, there are no significant gender differences in bone growth. Both males and females undergo rapid bone growth as the skeletal system develops. However, as individuals approach puberty, distinct disparities emerge.

During adolescence, males experience a more pronounced growth spurt compared to females. They typically exhibit a rapid increase in height due to accelerated bone elongation. This growth spurt is attributed to the influence of testosterone and growth hormones, resulting in a taller stature and broader shoulders in males. In contrast, females experience a more gradual growth pattern, with less significant changes in height and bone structure.

By early adulthood, most individuals have reached their peak bone mass, signaling the end of major growth. Males generally have higher bone density compared to females. This discrepancy is primarily influenced by hormonal and genetic factors, including higher levels of testosterone in males, which promotes greater bone density and muscle mass.

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The question probable may be:

What are the key differences in bone growth and development between males and females from infancy to adulthood?

Penicillin, an antibiotic produced by Penicillium fungi, would best fit into the compound class of secondary metabolites.

Secondary metabolites are organic compounds that are not directly involved in the growth, development, or reproduction of an organism. Instead, they often play roles in defense mechanisms, signaling, or interactions with other organisms. Penicillin is a secondary metabolite because it is produced by Penicillium fungi as a defense mechanism against bacteria. It inhibits the growth of certain bacteria by interfering with their cell wall synthesis.

Penicillin does not fall into the categories of hormones, pigments, enzymes, or macromolecules. Hormones are chemical messengers that regulate various physiological processes in organisms, pigments are compounds responsible for coloration, enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions, and macromolecules are large molecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, and carbohydrates.

Therefore, based on its role as an antibiotic produced by Penicillium fungi, penicillin is classified as a secondary metabolite.

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Answer:

5. The part of a plant that is most similar to a solar cell is the chloroplast. Chloroplasts are specialized organelles found in plant cells that contain chlorophyll, a pigment that absorbs sunlight. They function in photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose (a form of energy) and oxygen.

In photosynthesis, chloroplasts capture light energy from the sun and use it to generate chemical energy in the form of glucose. This process occurs in the thylakoid membranes within the chloroplasts, where chlorophyll molecules absorb light energy and convert it into chemical energy through a series of complex reactions. The chemical energy stored in glucose is then utilized by the plant for various cellular processes, including growth, development, and metabolism.

So, just like a solar cell converts sunlight into electricity, chloroplasts in plants harness sunlight to produce chemical energy in the form of glucose.

Cell structure provides important clues about its function. The specific organization and components of a cell determine its capabilities and the tasks it can perform within an organism.

For example, the presence of specialized organelles like mitochondria suggests that a cell is involved in energy production, as mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration, the process that generates ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the energy currency of cells.

Similarly, the presence of ribosomes indicates that a cell is involved in protein synthesis, as ribosomes are responsible for assembling amino acids into proteins.

The shape and structure of a cell can also suggest its function. For instance, nerve cells have long, branching extensions called dendrites that enable them to receive and transmit electrical signals over long distances. Muscle cells are elongated and contain specialized proteins that allow them to contract and generate force for movement.

Overall, the structure of a cell is intricately related to its function, and by examining its components, organelles, and shape, we can gain insights into the specific roles and capabilities of different cell types within an organism.

Explanation:

Answer:

The greatest advantage of SI is that it has only one unit for each quantity (type of measurement). This means that it is never necessary to convert from one unit to another (within the system) and there are no conversion factors for students to memorize. For example, the one and only SI unit of length is the metre (m).

Explanation:

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Answer:

The ovaries. They produce the women's eggs.

Explanation:

Estrogen helps control the menstrual cycle and also helps childbearing.  

The hormone estrogen is highly produced by ovaries, while some of the estrogen is also produced by the adrenal gland.

Hormones may be defined as the chemical substances which are secreted by the endocrine glands and are transported to the target site via the bloodstream.

There are numerous functions of the hormone estrogen found in the body of a human female.

It helps in stimulating the growth of the egg follicle. It regulates the menstrual cycle. It also controls the thickness of uterine mucus secretions.

Therefore, it is well described above.

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The genotypes (allele combinations) but instead phenotypes (observable traits) of progeny from genetic crossings can be predicted using a Punnett square. An organism exhibiting such a dominant trait could be tested to see if it is homozygous as well as heterozygous using a test cross.

According to the law of partition, each person has two alleles, but only one of them is transmitted on to the next generation. According to the rule of independent assortment, the transmission of one set of genes is unrelated to the generation of some other set of genes.

When two heterozygotes have been joined, the anticipated genotype ratio seems to be 1 (homozygous dominant): 2 (heterozygous): 1. (homozygous recessive). Whenever a phenotypic ratio of 2:1 is seen, a deadly allele would be presumably present.

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