The normal stress can be calculated using the formula: = F / A, where is the normal stress, F is the force, and A is the rod's cross-sectional area.
Where in the cross-section does the most stress occur?The outside surfaces of a beam experience the highest stresses since they are the furthest from the neutral axis. The stress distribution across a rectangular cross-section beam with a central neutral axis is depicted in
By taking into account the forces' balance at joint A, we can first determine the force in the rod:Fx = 0 T plus Ay = 0 T equals Ay
Fy = 0 Ax = -W Ax = 0
When the values are substituted, we obtain:
T = Ay = W = 500 KN.
Ax = -500 KN
σ max = T / (π/4 ×d²)
360 MPa for _allowable
FOS = 2.5
Therefore, T = (max / allowed / FOS) / (/4 ×d2)
To solve for d, we obtain:
d = (4T / ((max / permitted / FOS)))
When we change the values, we obtain:
d = (4×500 KN/(×360 MPa/2.5))
d ≈ 29.89 mm
Thus, 29.89 mm is the bare minimum diameter needed for the rod (1).
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Fast fourier transforms (FFT) are algorithms that speed up the computation of fourier coefficients compared to the traditional direct form discuss how the speed up is achieved
Answer:
Fast Fourier ( FFT ) algorithms speed up computation of Fourier coefficients by simply reducing the the computing time of a traditional direct form Fourier series. it achieves this by breaking complex DFTS into smaller DFTS to reduce its complexity and in turn reduce its computing time
Explanation:
Fast Fourier ( FFT ) algorithms speed up computation of Fourier coefficients by simply reducing the the computing time of a traditional direct form Fourier series. it achieves this by breaking complex DFTS into smaller DFTS to reduce its complexity and in turn reduce its computing time. an example of such FFT is Cooley-Tukey algorithm
Some analysts believe that the exclusion of some traditional partners from the "democratic camp" by the United States will deepen the gap between the two sides; the invitation of some countries or regions suspected of "democratic retrogression" will affect the "credibility" of the summit.
The exclusion of some traditional partners from the "democratic camp" by the United States will undoubtedly deepen the gap between the two sides.
About summit :
This move by the US is seen as a sign of its dissatisfaction with the policies and behavior of these countries. In addition, the invitation of some countries or regions suspected of "democratic retrogression" may lead to further erosion of the credibility of the summit in the eyes of the invited countries, as well as the international community. At the same time, it is worth noting that the United States must consider the consequences of such actions and the possible damage to its international image. If the US is seen as selectively choosing partners, it may undermine its overall influence in the world.
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Saturated refrigerant-134a vapor at 15 psia is compressed reversibly in an adiabatic compressor to 80 psia. Determine the work input to the compressor. Use the tables for R-134a.
The initial enthalpy and the entropy of the saturated water can be found out from the table of A-12E
i.e. \($h_1= 101 \ \text{Btu/lbm}$\)
\($s_1 = 0.22717 \text{ Btu/lbmR}$\)
Since the process mentioned above is an adiabatic compression process, the entropy will remain constant throughout the process. Therefore, we take the value of entropy and the final pressure using the table with few interpolations and also approximations to find the final enthalpy. It is given by :
\($h_2= 116.09 \text{ Btu/lbm}$\)
So the work input from the energy balance equation :
\($\dot{W} + \dot{m}h_1 = \dot{m}h_2$\)
\($w=h_2 - h_1$\)
= 116.09 - 101
= 15.09
Therefore, \($w= 15.09 \text{ Btu/lbm}$\)
assume you have a simple beam 16 ft long supported on each end by r1 and r2. there is a concentrated load of 900 lb that is 4 ft from r2. reaction r1 is pinned 12 ft from the load. reaction r1 is 225 lb and r2 is 675 lb. what is the maximum bending moment in pounds per foot?
The maximum bending moment that the load has in pounds would be 2700lb.
What is the maximum bending moment?When the shear force at that portion is zero or changes sign due to the point of contra flexure, when the bending moment is zero, the maximum bending moment occurs in the beam. Reason: Because it results in convexity downhill, the positive bending moment in a section is taken into account.
The shear force would then have to change the sign when it is at the load position.
Such that we would have
R₁ * 12
where R₁ = 225
225 x 12 = 2700
We can cross check the solution by solving for the right side
= R₂ x 12
= 675 lb x 12
= 2700 lb
Hence we would say that the maximum bending moment in pounds is 2700.
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Explain the speed control techniques in shunt dc motors and series dc motors
Answer:
Explanation:
In Shunt DC Motors, the speed can be controlled using the following techniques:
Armature voltage control - By varying the armature voltage, the magnetic field produced by the armature current can be controlled, which affects the speed of the motor. Thus, the speed of the motor can be regulated by controlling the armature voltage.
Field resistance control - The speed of the motor can also be controlled by varying the field resistance. By increasing the field resistance, the flux produced by the field winding is decreased, and the speed of the motor increases. Conversely, reducing the field resistance increases the flux and decreases the speed.
Armature resistance control - In this method, the resistance of the armature circuit is varied. By increasing the armature resistance, the current in the motor reduces, leading to a decrease in the speed of the motor.
In Series DC Motors, the speed can be controlled using the following techniques:
Armature voltage control - Similar to shunt motors, the speed of the series motor can be regulated by varying the armature voltage.
Field flux control - As the name suggests, the flux produced by the field winding can be controlled by varying the field winding resistance. By increasing the field resistance, the flux reduces, leading to an increase in speed. Conversely, decreasing the field resistance increases the flux and decreases the speed.
Armature resistance control - By varying the armature resistance, the current in the motor can be controlled. Increasing the resistance decreases the current, leading to an increase in speed.
Overall, these techniques enable the speed control of shunt and series DC motors, allowing them to be used in a wide range of applications where variable speed control is required.
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Un vendedor de camiones quiere suspender un vehículo de 4000 kg como se muestra en la figura, con fines publicitarios. La distancia b =15 m y la suma de las longitudes de los cables AB y BC es de 42 m. Los puntos A y C tienen una altura de 20 m . ¿Cuáles son las tensiones en los cables?
Answer:
english
Explanation:
Which of the following power tools has a revolving vertical shaft and a cutter? *
1 point
a) saber saw
b) router
c) miter saw
d) circular saw
The tool that has a revolving vertical shaft and a cutter is a router. The correct option is b.
What are power tools?There are many different kinds of power tools, including portable power tools like a circular saw, heat guns, and wall chasers as well as electrical power tools like impact wrenches, lathes, power drills, power ratchet sets, and power saws.
Power tools including circular saws, jigsaws, drills, hammer drills, sanders, grinders, routers, and many others reduce labor and time requirements. The requirement for knowledge of the risks that power tools provide if used improperly is raised due to their rising use.
A power tool called a router has a flat base and a spinning blade that protrudes beyond the base. An electric motor or a pneumatic motor can drive the spindle.
Therefore, the correct option is b) router.
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Handheld fiber-optic meters with white light polarization interferometry are useful for measuring temperature, pressure, and strain in electrically noisy environments. The fixed costs associated with manufacturing are $800,000 per year. If a base unit sells for $2,950 and its variable cost is $2,705, how many units must be sold each year for breakeven?
Approximately 3,266 units must be sold each year for breakeven. This means that at this sales volume, the revenue from selling these units would be sufficient to cover both the fixed costs and the variable costs, resulting in no profit or loss.
The breakeven point is the point at which the total revenue equals the total costs, resulting in neither profit nor loss. To calculate the breakeven point in units, we divide the fixed costs by the contribution margin per unit. The contribution margin per unit is the difference between the unit selling price and the variable cost per unit.
In this case, the fixed costs are $800,000 per year. The contribution margin per unit is calculated as follows:
Contribution Margin per Unit = Unit Selling Price - Variable Cost per Unit
Contribution Margin per Unit = $2,950 - $2,705
Contribution Margin per Unit = $245
To determine the breakeven point in units, we divide the fixed costs by the contribution margin per unit:
Breakeven Point (in units) = Fixed Costs / Contribution Margin per Unit
Breakeven Point (in units) = $800,000 / $245
Breakeven Point (in units) ≈ 3,265.31
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A plant might be emitting some dangerous pollutants that are environmentally harmful, but completely eliminating them would be so expensive that the plant would have to close, throwing many local inhabitants out of work. Assuming there is an obligation both to preserve jobs and to protect the environment. What is the best technique that should be used to resolve this problem?
Select one:
a. The convergence and divergence techniques
b. The Utilitarian approach
c. The creative middle way
d. The line drawing technique
Answer: c. The creative middle way
Explanation:
As there is both an obligation to preserve jobs and to protect the environment, a creative middle way which involves compromise would be most effective.
The company involved should process and remove the worst pollutants alone while leaving others so that the process will not be so expensive that they have to close down.
They will do this till a better and more environmentally beneficial solution can be found at which point they can then clean up the previous pollutants with the hope that they have not irrecoverably damaged the environment.
Cellular network towers are configured in such a way so that they avoid what type of problem?
Answer:
They are configured this way to avoid overlap issues.
Explanation:
Discuss two (2) points related to the importance of Health and
Safety Standards in the wood processing industry.
Health and safety standards in the wood processing industry are crucial for the safety and protection of workers in the industry. They must follow strict procedures to ensure that they are not exposed to harmful elements, and that their health and well-being are not compromised.
Following are the two points related to the importance of Health and Safety Standards in the wood processing industry.
Employee Safety: Wood processing can be dangerous work, and the workers involved are at risk of injury or illness if the proper health and safety precautions are not taken. Employee safety is a top priority in the industry, and the introduction of health and safety standards helps to ensure that workers are protected from potential hazards such as chemical exposure, dust inhalation, and fire hazards. By following these standards, employers can reduce the likelihood of accidents occurring and minimize the risk of injuries or illnesses to their workers.Compliance: Another important aspect of health and safety standards is compliance. Employers who do not follow these standards can face legal action, fines, and even criminal charges in some cases. Compliance ensures that companies are held accountable for their actions and that they take the necessary steps to protect their workers. In addition, companies that follow health and safety standards are seen as more reputable and trustworthy, which can help to attract and retain employees, and maintain good relationships with clients and customers.In conclusion, health and safety standards in the wood processing industry are essential for the protection of workers and the success of companies in the industry. By prioritizing employee safety and compliance with regulations, employers can minimize the risks associated with wood processing and maintain a safe and healthy work environment.
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What can be used as a tracing powder when checking for small oil leaks
Answer:
Talcum powder!
Explanation:
How to find the source of an oil leak:
This method simply involves using Talcum Powder as a visual aid to help pinpoint the location of an oil leak,
so you use Talcum powder for small oil leak :]
Have a wonderful day!
Determine the maximum shear stress in the beam and the minimum yield strength that should be considered to obtain a minimum factor of safety of 2 based on the distortion-energy theory. The maximum shear stress in the beam is 1875 Numeric ResponseEdit Unavailable. 1875 correct.psi. The minimum yield strength based on the distortion-energy theory is
Answer: hello some parts of your question is missing attached below is the missing part
max shear stress = 1875 psi
minimum yield strength = 14911.76 psi
Explanation:
Since The maximum shear stress in the Beam is already given as 1875 psi , I will calculate for the minimum yield strength
Determine minimum yield strength
attached below is the detailed solution
minimum yield strength = 14911.76 psi
_______ is a project execution technique of adjusting the use of resource based on resource availability and the amount of float on activities to accomplish work as soon as possible, given the limited resource availability.
Critical path method (CPM) is a project execution technique of adjusting the use of resource based on resource availability and the amount of float on activities to accomplish work as soon as possible, given the limited resource availability.
CPM is a project management technique that involves identifying the tasks that are critical to the successful completion of a project, and then managing and adjusting the use of resources to ensure that these critical tasks are completed on time, given the availability of resources and the amount of float (i.e., extra time) available on each activity. This helps to ensure that the project is completed as soon as possible, given the constraints of resource availability and other factors.
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Six 15-HP continuous-duty motors are connected to a common 480-volt feeder. The nameplate of each motor indicates: Full load amps 18.6, NEMA Code B, and SF 1.10. The conductors supplying each motor are to be copper with THHN insulation, and the feeder conductors supplying all motors are to be copper with THHN insulation. What size conductor should be used to supply each motor and what size conductor should be used for the feeder conductor
The size conductor that should be used to supply each motor is 12 AWG and the size conductor that should be used for the feeder conductor is 1/0AWG.
Size conductora. Using NEC table 430.250
Running connect for 150HP connected to 460V = 21 A
Conductor size=25% current to 125% current (Increase)
Increase current=21×125/100
Increase current=26.25 A
Nearest standard conductor size using NEC table 310.15(B)(16)=25 A
Since the motor contain NEMA design code the conductor will be choosing from 75° column which means that the size conductor that should be used to supply each motor is 12AWG copper conductors.
b. Feeder conductor
Using NEC section 430.24 plus ampere rating of other motors
Running current
Using NEC Table 430.250
Running current=26.25+21+21+21+21+21
Running current=131.25 A
The value that is greater than 131.25 A under 75° column of NEC Table 310 (B)(16) is 150 A which means that the size conductor that should be used for the feeder conductor is 1/0 AWG conductors.
Therefore the size conductor that should be used to supply each motor is 12 AWG and the size conductor that should be used for the feeder conductor is 1/0AWG.
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9. Compare the tools for saving: Savings account, certificate of deposit, money
market account, and savings bonds. Which of these tools would you use to
meet your short-, medium-, and long-term financial goals?
When it comes to saving money, there are several different options available to choose from depending on the amount of risk you are willing to take and the length of time for which you want to save.
Savings accounts, certificates of deposit, money market accounts, and savings bonds are some of the most common tools for saving money.Savings Account: A savings account is the most common tool for saving money. They are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) and typically earn interest at a low rate. These accounts are an excellent option for short-term financial goals such as saving for a vacation, a down payment, or a rainy day fund.Certificate of Deposit (CD): Certificate of deposit (CD) is a savings account with a fixed term and interest rate. A CD is typically insured by the FDIC, and the interest rate is usually higher than a savings account.
CDs are an excellent option for medium-term financial goals such as saving for a new car, a home renovation, or education.Money Market Account (MMA): A money market account (MMA) is similar to a savings account, but it typically offers a higher interest rate. However, these accounts have a minimum deposit requirement and may require a higher balance to avoid fees. Money market accounts are a good option for medium-term financial goals such as saving for a down payment on a home or for a child's college education.Savings Bonds: Savings bonds are issued by the U.S. Treasury and are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government.
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technician a says that the front wheel bearings on a typical fwd car are pressed in and out of the steering knuckle assembly. technician b says that the front wheel bearings on a typical fwd may be bolted into the steering knuckle. who is correct?
Both A and B are correct. Front-wheel drive cars frequently have press-fit cartridge-style wheel bearings installed in the knuckles.
On many cars, both the front and the rear wheel bearings are typically sealed inside bolt-on hub assemblies. Uneven weight distribution over the contact patch may result from underinflated tires starting to lose their correct form. Both tread edges may begin to deteriorate noticeably more quickly than other parts of the tire if they are subjected to increased weight. The wheelset's dynamic unbalance will increase, increasing the lateral force, derailment coefficient, and wheel unloading ratio as well as decreasing the hunting critical speed and the quality of the vertical ride. Dynamic imbalance can also be brought on by a damaged tire or wheel, however it typically results from manufacturing variances. Dynamic imbalance, of course, degrades ride quality and tends to hasten the deterioration of tire and steering and suspension system parts.
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This policy established by NSR standard which requires a permit before modifying industrial equipment.
a) Clean Air Act
b) Clean Water Act
c) Endangered Species Act
d) Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
The policy established by the NSR (New Source Review) standard which requires a permit before modifying industrial equipment is: a) Clean Air Act
The Clean Air Act is a federal law in the United States that regulates air pollution and sets standards for emissions from various sources, including industrial facilities. The NSR program under the Clean Air Act requires certain major modifications or construction of new sources to obtain a permit before making changes that may affect air quality.
The purpose of this requirement is to ensure that air pollution control measures are implemented and that the modification does not result in increased emissions that could harm human health or the environment.
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A single area consists of two generating units, rated at 400 and 800 MVA, with speed regulation of 4 percent and 5 percent on their respective ratings. The units are operating in parallel, sharing 700 MW. Unit one supplies 200 MW and unit 2 supplies 500 MW at 1. 0 per unit (60 Hz) frequency. The load is increased by 130 MW. Assume there is no frequency-dependent load. Find the steady-state frequency deviation and the new generation on each unit.
Look at the Picture.
Frequency deviation = (830 MW - 830 MW) / (2π60*5 s)
Please answer thank you!
A sophisticated tool for doing static analysis of trusses is called 2D Truss Analysis. It uses optimized finite elements (bar elements).
How do you solve a truss Determinacy?The 2D-Truss Analysis By using their two locations, identify the structure's node points.The two nodes (or mouse-dragging between two nodes) and material number of each truss element should be specified.the material information (cross-section and Young's modulus) Specify the loads.
If a truss can be completely estimated using only the equations of static equilibrium, it is said to be statically determinate. In order for a planar truss to be statically determinate, the sum of the members and support reactions cannot be greater than the number of joints divided by 2.It is a leader-product in truss analysis due to its adaptable interface and simple modification. attributes for analysis.
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time complexity of merge sort
Answer:
The correct answer is "\(O (n\times Log n)\)". A further explanation is given below.
Explanation:
Throughout all the three instances (worst, average as well as best), the time complexity including its Merge sort seems to be \(O (n\times Log n)\) as the merge form often splits the array into two halves together tends to linear time to combine multiple halves. As an unsorted array, it needs an equivalent amount of unnecessary capacity. Therefore, large unsorted arrays are not appropriate for having to search.Identify three advantages to being accountable for your gear in the fire camp
Being accountable for your gear in the fire camp is essential, and it is important to ensure that you have all of the necessary equipment for the job. There are several advantages to being accountable for your gear in the fire camp, and Increased efficiency:
One of the biggest advantages of being accountable for your gear in the fire camp is increased efficiency. When you have all of the necessary equipment and know exactly where it is, you can quickly and easily access it when you need it. This can help you to work faster and more efficiently, which can be critical in a fire situation
Safety: Another advantage of being accountable for your gear in the fire camp is safety. When you have all of your equipment and know exactly where it is, you can ensure that you are properly protected at all times. This can be especially important in a fire situation where there are many hazards present.
Better communication: being accountable for your gear in the fire camp can lead to better communication. When everyone knows where their gear is and has it readily available, they can communicate more effectively with one another. This can help to ensure that everyone is on the same page and that there are no misunderstandings or miscommunications.
Being accountable for your gear in the fire camp is critical for a successful mission. By keeping track of your equipment and ensuring that it is always available when you need it, you can increase efficiency, safety, and communication, which can be essential in a fire situation.
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It is desired to produce a continuous and oriented carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy having a modulus of elasticity of at least 83 GPa in the direction of fiber alignment. The modulus of elasticity of the graphite fiber is 260 GPa, and the modulus of elasticity of the epoxy is 2.4 GPa. What is the minimum volume fraction of fibers required to meet this requirement. (this is a Chapter 16 problem) Answer: the minimum fiber volume fraction is:__________
Answer:
0.3129
Explanation:
Calculate The minimum fiber volume fraction using the relation below
E = x * E1 + ( 1 - x ) E2 ------ ( 1 )
given that :
E = 83 GPa , x = ?
E1 = 260 GPa , E2 = 2.4 GPA
Insert values back into equation 1
Then ; 80.6 = 257.6 x
∴ x ( volume fraction ) = 80.6 / 257.6 = 0.3129
2..Three formations, each 25 m thick, overlie one another. If a constant-velocity vertical flow field is set up across the set of formations with h = 120 m at the top and h = 100 m at the bottom, calculate h at the two internal boundaries. The hydraulic conductivity of the top formation is 0.0001 m/s, the middle formation 0.0005 m/s, and the bottom formation 0.0010 m/s.
The values of h at the two internal boundaries are :
h₁ = 104.625 m h₂ = 101.55 mGiven data :
Z₁ = Z₂ = Z₃ = 25 m
h top = 120 m
h bottom = 100 m
K₁ = 0.0001 m/s
K₂ = 0.0005 m/s
K₃ = 0.0010 m/s
First step : Calculate the value of Keqwe will apply the formula below since flow is perpendicular to the bedding plane
Keq = \(\frac{Z1 + Z2 + Z3 }{\frac{Z1}{K1}+\frac{Z2}{K2} + \frac{Z3}{K3} }\) ----- ( 1 )
Insert values given above into equation 1
Therefore ; Keq = 2.307 * 10⁻⁴ m/s
Next step : determine the hydraulic gradientHydraulic gradient ( Ieq ) = head loss / length
= ( 120 - 100 ) / 3 * 25
Ieq = 0.266
Given that the flow is perpendicular to bedding plane
q1 = q2 = q3
V₁ = V₂ = V₃ = V
K₁i₁ = K₂i₂ = K₃i₃ = Keq * ieq
Hence :
V = Keq* Ieq
= 2.307 * 10⁻⁴ * 0.266
= 6.15 * 10⁻⁵ m/s .
Also;
K₁i₁ = Keq * ieq = K₂i₂ = K₃i₃
therefore :
i₁ = 0.615
i₂ = 0.123
i₃ = 0.0615
Final step : determine the value of h at the two internal boundariesPressure at point 1 ( i.e. pressure between first two formations )
h₁ = h top - i₁L₁
= 120 - 0.615 * 25
= 104.625 m
Pressure at point 2 ( i.e. pressure between the 2nd and 3rd formation )
h₂ = h₁ - i₂L₂
= 104.625 - 0.123 * 25
= 101.55 m
Therefore we can conclude that The values of h at the two internal boundaries are : h₁ = 104.625 m , h₂ = 101.55 m
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Why is OM considered an internal function? How is OM an integral
part of SCM?
Please provide three examples
OM is considered an internal function because it focuses on managing internal operations within an organization. It is integral to supply chain management (SCM) as it ensures efficient coordination of activities and resources across the supply chain.
Operations Management (OM) is considered an internal function because it primarily deals with managing the internal processes and activities of an organization. It involves planning, organizing, and controlling the production and delivery of goods and services. OM focuses on optimizing resources, improving productivity, and enhancing quality within the organization. It encompasses various areas such as capacity planning, inventory management, production scheduling, and quality control, among others.
OM is an integral part of Supply Chain Management (SCM) because it plays a crucial role in coordinating and synchronizing activities across the entire supply chain. SCM involves the flow of materials, information, and funds from suppliers to manufacturers, distributors, retailers, and ultimately, to customers. Effective OM ensures that the operations within each stage of the supply chain are well-managed, ensuring smooth and efficient flow of products and services. For example:
1. Capacity Planning: OM helps in determining the capacity requirements at each stage of the supply chain. It ensures that the production capacity aligns with demand forecasts, preventing overstocking or understocking of products.
2. Inventory Management: OM enables efficient inventory management practices, including determining optimal inventory levels, implementing just-in-time (JIT) techniques, and reducing stockouts or excess inventory. This synchronization helps maintain a streamlined supply chain.
3. Quality Control: OM ensures that quality standards are established and maintained throughout the supply chain. By implementing quality control measures at each stage, from sourcing raw materials to delivering finished goods, it ensures customer satisfaction and reduces the risk of disruptions in the supply chain due to quality issues.
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ogla has mistakenly created a connection between the black and white wire. What has she created? A) open circuit B) SHORT CIRCUIT C) GROUND CIRCUIT D) AC
Answer:
B) SHORT CIRCUIT
Explanation:
Comparing page replacement algorithms.
Physical memory is initially empty. The following reference string is processed:
0 1 4 0 2 3 0 1 0 2 3 4 2 3
(a) Show which pages are resident in an optimal working set with d = 3. Indicate when page faults occur.
Determine the average working set size.
(b) Show which pages are resident under the working set page replacement algorithm with d = 3. Indicate when page faults occur.
Determine the average working set size.
Answer :
The working set of the given reference string with d=3 is illustrated below.0 1 4 0 2 3 0 1 0 2 3 4 2 3
Faults : 1 2 3 3 4 5 5 5 6 7 8 9 8 9
Average Working set size = (1+2+3+3+3+3+3+3+4+4+4+3+3+3)/14= 3.07
Explanation: (a)Optimal Page Replacement Algorithm It is a theoretical algorithm that assumes that the operating system knows which page of memory is going to be accessed next. The optimal page replacement algorithm predicts the future and replaces the page that will not be used for the longest period of time.The working set is defined as the number of pages that have been accessed in the last d page references, where d is the working set window size.Pages that have not been accessed in the last d references are removed from memory. The optimal working set of the given reference string with d=3 is illustrated below.0 1 4 0 2 3 0 1 0 2 3 4 2 3Faults : 1 2 3 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 7 6Average Working set size = (0+1+2+3+3+3+2+2+2+3+3+3+3+3)/14= 2.5(b)Working Set Page Replacement AlgorithmThe working set page replacement algorithm maintains the working set for each process in memory and tries to avoid page faults by swapping out pages that are not in the working set.The working set of a process is defined as the set of pages that have been accessed in the last d page references. The algorithm replaces the pages that are not in the working set and are accessed in the current reference.The working set of the given reference string with d=3 is illustrated below.0 1 4 0 2 3 0 1 0 2 3 4 2 3Faults : 1 2 3 3 4 5 5 5 6 7 8 9 8 9Average Working set size = (1+2+3+3+3+3+3+3+4+4+4+3+3+3)/14= 3.07
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Two cylindrical rods, AC made of aluminum and CD made of steel, are joined at C and restrained by rigid supports at A and D. It is given that Ea = 10. 4 × 106 psi, Es = 29 × 106 psi, and P = 26 kips. Determine
(a) the reactions at A and D, and
(b) the deflection of point C
Answer:
The figure below shows the free body diagram of the beam.
Free Body Diagram
Write the compatibility equation,
Δ
A
B
+
Δ
B
C
+
Δ
C
D
=
0
⋯
⋯
(
I
)
Here,
Δ
A
B
is the deflection in AB rod,
Δ
B
C
is the deflection in BC rod and
Δ
C
D
is the deflection in the rod CD.
The deflection
Δ
A
B
is,
Δ
A
B
=
4
(
R
A
)
(
a
)
π
d
2
a
E
a
Here,
R
A
is the reaction at point A.
The deflection ${\Delta _{BC}$ is,
Δ
A
B
=
4
(
R
A
−
F
B
)
(
b
)
π
d
2
a
E
a
The deflection ${\Delta _{CD}$ is,
Δ
A
B
=
4
(
R
A
−
F
B
−
F
C
)
(
b
)
π
d
2
s
E
s
Substitute all the values in the equation (I).
4
(
R
A
)
(
8
i
n
)
π
(
9
8
i
n
)
2
(
10.4
M
s
i
)
+
4
(
R
A
−
18
k
i
p
s
)
(
10
i
n
)
π
(
9
8
i
n
)
2
(
10.4
M
s
i
)
+
4
(
R
A
−
18
k
i
p
s
−
14
k
i
p
s
)
(
10
i
n
)
π
(
13
8
i
n
)
2
29
M
s
i
=
0
(
R
A
)
(
0.8
)
(
9
8
i
n
)
2
+
(
R
A
−
18
k
i
p
s
)
(
9
8
i
n
)
2
=
−
(
R
A
−
18
k
i
p
s
−
14
k
i
p
s
)
(
13
8
i
n
)
2
29
10.4
R
A
=
11.917
k
i
p
s
Equate the horizontal forces,
R
A
+
R
B
=
F
B
+
F
C
Substitute all the values in the above equation.
11.917
k
i
p
s
+
R
B
=
18
k
i
p
s
+
14
k
i
p
s
R
B
=
20.083
k
i
p
s
Thus the reaction at point A is
11.917
k
i
p
s
and reaction at B is
20.083
k
i
p
s
.
(b)
The deflection at point C is,
Δ
C
=
4
(
R
B
)
(
b
)
π
d
2
s
E
s
Substitute all the values in the above equation.
Δ
C
=
4
(
20.083
k
i
p
s
(
1000
l
b
1
k
i
p
s
)
)
(
10
i
n
)
π
(
13
8
i
n
)
2
29
M
s
i
(
10
6
l
b
/
i
n
2
1
M
s
i
)
=
3.33
×
10
−
3
i
n
IV. An annealed copper strip 9 inches wide and 2.2 inches thick, is rolled to its maximum possible draft in one pass. The following properties of annealed copper are given: strength coefficient is 90,000 psi; true strain at the onset of non-uniform deformation is 0.45; and, engineering strain at yield is 0.11. The coefficient of friction between strip and roll is 0.2. The roll radius is 14inches and the rolls rotate at 150 rpm. Calculate the roll-strip contact length. Calculate the absolute value of thetrue strain that the strip undergoes in this operation. Determine the average true stress of the strip in theroll gap. Calculate the roll force. Calculate the horsepower required.
Answer:
13.9357 horse power
Explanation:
Annealed copper
Given :
Width, b = 9 inches
Thickness, \($h_0=2.2$\) inches
K= 90,000 Psi
μ = 0.2, R = 14 inches, N = 150 rpm
For the maximum possible draft in one pass,
\($\Delta h = H_0-h_f=\mu^2R$\)
\($=0.2^2 \times 14 = 0.56$\) inches
\($h_f = 2.2 - 0.56$\)
= 1.64 inches
Roll strip contact length (L) = \($\sqrt{R(h_0-h_f)}$\)
\($=\sqrt{14 \times 0.56}$\)
= 2.8 inches
Absolute value of true strain, \($\epsilon_T$\)
\($\epsilon_T=\ln \left(\frac{2.2}{1.64}\right) = 0.2937$\)
Average true stress, \($\overline{\gamma}=\frac{K\sum_f}{1+n}= 31305.56$\) Psi
Roll force, \($L \times b \times \overline{\gamma} = 2.8 \times 9 \times 31305.56$\)
= 788,900 lb
For SI units,
Power = \($\frac{2 \pi FLN}{60}$\)
\($=\frac{2 \pi 788900\times 2.8\times 150}{60\times 44.25\times 12}$\)
= 10399.81168 W
Horse power = 13.9357
Outline the process used to test the following hypothesis: Titanium cages are stronger than steel cages for hockey goalie masks.
Answer:
true
Explanation: