The equivalent amount of new revenue that must be realized every 6 months at an interest rate of 3% per week is $38,147.21. Electronic commerce, commonly known as e-commerce, is a kind of industry where the purchasing and selling of goods or services is carried out over electronic systems such as the internet and other computer networks.
Northwest Iron and Steel is considering getting involved in electronic commerce. A modest e-commerce package is available for $30,000.The company wants to recover the cost in 2 years. Interest rate of 3% per week
This is the formula for the calculation of the future value of a sum of money.
FV = PV (1 + i)n
where FV = Future Value, PV = Present Value, i = Interest Rate, t = Number of Time Periods (weeks)
Using the formula above, we can find the equivalent amount of new revenue that must be realized every 6 months at an interest rate of 3% per week.
PV = $30,000i = 0.03t = 52 weeks (1 year) x 2 years = 104 weeks (2 years) n = 26 for 6 months period
FV = $30,000 (1 + 0.03)104/26FV = $38,147.21
Therefore, the equivalent amount of new revenue that must be realized every 6 months at an interest rate of 3% per week is $38,147.21.
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list the components of a typical Foundation drainage system and their functions.
Explanation:
In this series, the professionals at the B.O.L.D. Company will take you through the process of building a custom home in the Greater Cincinnati – Northern Kentucky area. From plan and lot selection, to mortgage approval, to the actual construction, we’ll take you behind-the-scenes each week for an inside look at a different part of the process.
which of these parts serves as the front end cross structure on most vehicles?
Answer:
Rear body panel. Rear bumper cover. Rear rails.
Explanation:
The body parts that serves as front end cross structures of vehicles are Rear body panel , front bumper and rear nails
What is Front end cross structure of automobilles?Front end cross structures refers to several frontal parts or part that are located at the front of automobilles that define it's appearance and it's effective workability. The frontal parts are essential for the effective running of the vehicles and also define the vehicles appearance.
Therefore, The body parts that serves as front end cross structures of vehicles are Rear body panel , front bumper and rear nails.
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1. compute depletion and depreciation of the mine and the mining facilities and equipment for 2021 and 2022. marion uses the units-of-production method to determine depreciation on mining facilities and equipment.
This method calculates depreciation based on the number of units produced, rather than the passage of time. Depletion is calculated based on the depletion rate and the number of units extracted during the year.
Marion uses the units-of-production method to calculate depreciation on its mining facilities and equipment. This method takes into account the number of units produced during the year, rather than the passage of time, to determine the depreciation expense. For example, if Marion produces 100,000 units of ore in a year and the mining facilities and equipment have a total useful life of 1 million units, the depreciation expense for that year would be calculated as 10% of the total depreciable cost.
Depletion, on the other hand, is calculated based on the depletion rate and the number of units extracted during the year. The depletion rate is determined by dividing the cost of the mineral reserves by the estimated number of units of the mineral that can be extracted. For example, if Marion has a mineral reserve valued at $1,000,000 and estimates that it can extract 1,000,000 units of the mineral, the depletion rate would be $1 per unit.
To calculate the depletion expense for the year, Marion multiplies the number of units extracted during the year by the depletion rate. The resulting figure provides an estimate of the reduction in the value of the mine and its associated assets over time. By regularly calculating depletion and depreciation, Marion can track the value of its assets and plan for future investments and expenditures.
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-Why is it said that using faulty PPE could be just as dangerous as using no PPE at all?
Answer:
Explanation:
"Safety helmet" redirects here. It is not to be confused with hard hat.
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) agents wearing Level B hazmat suits
Personal protective equipment (PPE) is protective clothing, helmets, goggles, or other garments or equipment designed to protect the wearer's body from injury or infection. The hazards addressed by protective equipment include physical, electrical, heat, chemicals, biohazards, and airborne particulate matter. Protective equipment may be worn for job-related occupational safety and health purposes, as well as for sports and other recreational activities. "Protective clothing" is applied to traditional categories of clothing, and "protective gear" applies to items such as pads, guards, shields, or masks, and others. PPE suits can be similar in appearance to a cleanroom suit.
The purpose of personal protective equipment is to reduce employee exposure to hazards when engineering controls and administrative controls are not feasible or effective to reduce these risks to acceptable levels. PPE is needed when there are hazards present. PPE has the serious limitation that it does not eliminate the hazard at the source and may result in employees being exposed to the hazard if the equipment fails.[1]
Any item of PPE imposes a barrier between the wearer/user and the working environment. This can create additional strains on the wearer; impair their ability to carry out their work and create significant levels of discomfort. Any of these can discourage wearers from using PPE correctly, therefore placing them at risk of injury, ill-health or, under extreme circumstances, death. Good ergonomic design can help to minimise these barriers and can therefore help to ensure safe and healthy working conditions through the correct use of PPE.
Practices of occupational safety and health can use hazard controls and interventions to mitigate workplace hazards, which pose a threat to the safety and quality of life of workers. The hierarchy of hazard controls provides a policy framework which ranks the types of hazard controls in terms of absolute risk reduction. At the top of the hierarchy are elimination and substitution, which remove the hazard entirely or replace the hazard with a safer alternative. If elimination or substitution measures cannot apply, engineering controls and administrative controls, which seek to design safer mechanisms and coach safer human behavior, are implemented. Personal protective equipment ranks last on the hierarchy of controls, as the workers are regularly exposed to the hazard, with a barrier of protection. The hierarchy of controls is important in acknowledging that, while personal protective equipment has tremendous utility, it is not the desired mechanism of control in terms of worker safety.rly PPE such as body armor, boots and gloves focused on protecting the wearer's body from physical injury. The plague doctors of sixteenth-century Europe also wore protective uniforms consisting of a full-length gown, helmet, glass eye coverings, gloves and boots (see Plague doctor costume) to prevent contagion when dealing with plague victims. These were made of thick material which was then covered in wax to make it water-resistant. A mask with a beak-like structure which was filled with pleasant-smelling flowers, herbs and spices to prevent the spread of miasma, the prescientific belief of bad smells which spread disease through the air.[2] In more recent years, scientific personal protective equipment is generally believed to have begun with the cloth facemasks promoted by Wu Lien-teh in the 1910–11 Manchurian pneumonic plague outbreak, although many Western medics doubted the efficacy of facemasks in preventing the spread of disease.[3]
Types
Personal protective equipment can be categorized by the area of the body protected, by the types of hazard, and by the type of garment or accessory. A single item, for example boots, may provide multiple forms of protection: a steel toe cap and steel insoles for protection of the feet from crushing or puncture injuries, impervious rubber and lining for protection from water and chemicals, high reflectivity and heat resistance for protection from radiant heat, and high electrical resistivity for protection from electric shock. The protective attributes of each piece of equipment must be compared with the hazards expected to be found in the workplace. More breathable types of personal protective equipment may not lead to more contamination but do result in greater user satisfaction.[4]
The use of a faulty PPE could be just as dangerous as not using any PPE at all because the user is still exposed to potential hazards and harm.
What is PPE?PPE is an acronym for personal protective equipment and it can be defined as a terminology that is used to denote any piece of equipment which offer protection to different parts of the body while working in a potentially hazardous environment.
Some examples of personal protective equipment (PPE) used to protect the different parts of the body are:
RespiratorsFace maskFace shieldGlovesBootsHelmetAccording to OSHA, the use of a faulty PPE could be just as dangerous as not using any PPE at all because the user is offered little or no protection at all.
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Which of the following factor(s) favor(s) brittle fracture in polymers? Increasing in temperature. Increasing in strain rate. The presence of a sharp notch. Decreasing specimen thickness.
The following factors favor brittle fracture in polymers are: the presence of a sharp notch, and decreasing specimen thickness.
The presence of a sharp notch: A sharp notch or crack acts as a stress concentration point, where the stress is intensified. When a tensile load is applied to a polymer specimen with a sharp notch, the stress is concentrated at the tip of the notch, leading to a localized high-stress region. This high stress can exceed the material's ability to deform plastically, resulting in brittle fracture.
Decreasing specimen thickness: As the thickness of a polymer specimen decreases, the stress concentrations at notches or cracks become more severe. This occurs because the stress applied to the specimen is constrained by the limited cross-sectional area available to distribute the load. Consequently, the stress levels can surpass the material's yield strength, causing brittle fracture to occur.
On the other hand, increasing temperature and increasing strain rate generally do not favor brittle fracture in polymers.
Increasing temperature: At higher temperatures, polymers tend to exhibit increased ductility and toughness. The molecular mobility in the polymer chains is enhanced, allowing for more molecular rearrangements and energy dissipation mechanisms. As a result, the polymer can undergo greater plastic deformation before fracturing, reducing the likelihood of brittle fracture.
Increasing strain rate: When the strain rate is increased, polymers typically demonstrate improved ductility and impact resistance. Higher strain rates provide less time for molecular chains to relax and reorganize, preventing crack propagation and promoting energy absorption mechanisms. Consequently, the polymer becomes less prone to brittle fracture.
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A pin B and D are each of 8mm diameter and act as single shape pin C is 6mm diameter and act as double shape for the laoding shaw determine averege shear stress in each
Answer:
what's the question?...........
A horizontal force P is applied to a 130 kN box resting on a 33 incline. The line of action of P passes through the center of gravity of the box. The box is 5m wide x 5m tall, and the coefficient of static friction between the box and the surface is u=0.15. Determine the smallest magnitude of the force P that will cause the box to slip or tip first. Specify what will happen first, slipping or tipping.
Answer:
SECTION LEARNING OBJECTIVES
By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following:
Distinguish between static friction and kinetic friction
Solve problems involving inclined planes
Section Key Terms
kinetic friction static friction
Static Friction and Kinetic Friction
Recall from the previous chapter that friction is a force that opposes motion, and is around us all the time. Friction allows us to move, which you have discovered if you have ever tried to walk on ice.
There are different types of friction—kinetic and static. Kinetic friction acts on an object in motion, while static friction acts on an object or system at rest. The maximum static friction is usually greater than the kinetic friction between the objects.
Imagine, for example, trying to slide a heavy crate across a concrete floor. You may push harder and harder on the crate and not move it at all. This means that the static friction responds to what you do—it increases to be equal to and in the opposite direction of your push. But if you finally push hard enough, the crate seems to slip suddenly and starts to move. Once in motion, it is easier to keep it in motion than it was to get it started because the kinetic friction force is less than the static friction force. If you were to add mass to the crate, (for example, by placing a box on top of it) you would need to push even harder to get it started and also to keep it moving. If, on the other hand, you oiled the concrete you would find it easier to get the crate started and keep it going.
Figure 5.33 shows how friction occurs at the interface between two objects. Magnifying these surfaces shows that they are rough on the microscopic level. So when you push to get an object moving (in this case, a crate), you must raise the object until it can skip along with just the tips of the surface hitting, break off the points, or do both. The harder the surfaces are pushed together (such as if another box is placed on the crate), the more force is needed to move them.
The force that your engine applies to turn your cars wheels
upon failure of the normal supply, a legally required standby system is required to be available in ? or less.
For all of the following options d, optional standby systems, as classified by the AHJ, would typically be required.
What kind of backup mechanism is available? systems created to supply electricity to public or private buildings or other objects when the system's operation is not essential for life safety. These systems are made to deliver locally generated or stored power to specified loads automatically or manually. What are the three different kinds of backup power systems? According to NFPA 70: National Electrical Code, there are three types of emergency and standby power systems: emergency power, legally required backup power, and voluntary standby power (NEC). Passive Optical Network is a PON. PON, which is based on fiber-optic telecommunications technology, is used to provide individualized end users with broadband network access. It enables a service provider to maintain an effective broadband connection for numerous end users via a single fiber (homes and small businesses).
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A single fixed pulley is used to lift a load of 400N by the application of an effort of 480N in 10s through a vertical height of 5m. Determine the V.R, M.A and efficiency of the machine.
Answer:
(a) the velocity ratio of the machine (V.R) = 1
(b) The mechanical advantage of the machine (M.A) = 0.833
(c) The efficiency of the machine (E) = 83.3 %
Explanation:
Given;
load lifted by the pulley, L = 400 N
effort applied in lifting the, E = 480 N
distance moved by the effort, d = 5 m
(a) the velocity ratio of the machine (V.R);
since the effort applied moved downwards through a distance of d, the load will also move upwards through an equal distance 'd'.
V.R = distance moved by effort / distance moved by the load
V.R = 5/5 = 1
(b) The mechanical advantage of the machine (M.A);
M.A = L/E
M.A = 400 / 480
M.A = 0.833
(c) The efficiency of the machine (E);
\(E = \frac{M.A}{V.R} \times 100\%\\\\E = 0.833 \ \times \ 100\%\\\\ E = 83.3 \ \%\)
8.
Galileo proposed the heliocentric model of the solar system.
a. True
b. False
Answer: B the first person to propose the heliocentric model of the solar system was Nicolaus Copernicus
Explanation:
A drone controller chip has an area utilization of 30 mm 2
. The critical path of the chip is 0.001μs and it operates with V DD
of 900mV. During operation, the chip has average switching capacitance of 300pF/mm 2
and the average activity factor, α Y
of 15/64. Assume the sub-threshold and gate leakage currents are 505 mA and 280 mA, respectively. Evaluate the total power dissipation of the chip. [Safsu cip pengaval dron mempunywil penggunaan kavasan sebanyak 30 mm 2
. Lalwan kritkal bagi chip tersebur adalah 0.00igs as
dan beroperasi dengan V ro
sebanyak 900 m V, Semasa beroperasi, cip tersebut mempunyaf purata kemwatan persufsan sebanyak 300pF/mmm 2
dan p urata faktor aktiviti, ay adalah 15/64. Andaikan arus sub-ambang dan aris bocaran get ialah masingmaxing 505 mA dan 280 mA.
The average switching capacitance of the chip is 300pF/mm2 and the average activity factor is 15/64.
The problem requires the total power dissipation of a drone controller chip to be determined. It is given that the area utilization of the chip is 30mm2 and its critical path is 0.001μs. It operates with VDD of 900mV and has an average switching capacitance of 300pF/mm2 and an average activity factor of 15/64.
The sub-threshold and gate leakage currents are 505mA and 280mA, respectively. The formula for power dissipation is:P = CV2fwhere P is the power dissipation, C is the average switching capacitance, V is the voltage, and f is the frequency.
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How does the Center of Gravity of a Robot Relate to the Translational, Rotational, or Oscillatory Motion Associated with it?
The center of gravity, also known as the balance point or point of rotation when an object is permitted to freely rotate, is the average location of an object's weight.
Explain about the Gravity?All objects with mass are attracted to one another by the gravitational attraction, which has a magnitude that is directly proportional to the masses of the two objects and inversely proportional to the square of their distance from one another.
By means of gravity, a planet or other body pulls items toward its core. All the planets are maintained in their orbits around the sun by the force of gravity.
Any particle of matter in the universe will gravitate toward any other with a force that varies directly as the product of the masses and inversely as the square of the distance between them, according to Newton's law of gravity.
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Miriam is doing a measurement with her multimeter and the LCD is showing Hz. What's she measuring?
A. Resistance
B. Amplitude
C. Voltage
D. Frequency
Answer:
voltage
Explanation:
because it is used with a moving pointer to display readings.
QUESTION 6
The DPF warning light for a 2020 straight truck has just begun to flash and a power derate condition is reported. Technician A says
that the DPF requires a forced regeneration using a portable scanner with a regeneration function. Technician B says that the
recommended procedure is to advise the driver to operate the truck at highway speeds for 45 minutes or until the light goes out.
Who is correct?
O a. Technician A
O b. Technician B
O c. Both Technician A and Technician B
Gd. Neither Technician A nor Technician B
QUESTION 7
The DPF warning light and the red engine protection system warning lamp are both flashing on a vehicle. Technician A says that
the DPF needs to be removed and replaced. Technician B says that the DPF needs an active regeneration. Who is correct?
O a. Technician A
O b. Technician B
O c. Both Technician A and Technician B
O d. Neither Technician A nor Technician B
It should be noted that for both information, neither technicians are correct.
How to explain the informationNeither of the Technician A and Technician B are right. If both the DPF warning lamp and the red engine protection system alert light are flashing, then there is a severe issue that requires an immediate reaction from an authorized technician.
It should be noted that to be able to determine the root cause of the trouble, extra diagnostic testing should be done.
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To purchase a new car, you borrow $20,000. The bank offers a 6-year loan at an interest rate of 3.25% compounded annually. If you make only one payment at the end of the loan period, repaying the principal and interest: Which time value factor should be used to solve this problem?
Answer:
SPCA factor
Single payment compound amount factor.
Total amount pay A = $24,230.95 (Approx)
Interest paid = $4,230.95 (Approx)
Explanation:
Given:
P = $20,000
n = 6 year
r = 3.25%
Find:
Total amount pay A
Computation:
A=p(1+r)ⁿ
A=20,000[1+3.5%]⁶
A=20,000[(1.0325)⁶]
Total amount pay A = $24,230.95 (Approx)
Interest paid = $24,230.95 - 20,000
Interest paid = $4,230.95 (Approx)
If it is desired to lay off a distance of 10,000' with a total error of no more than ± 0.30 ft. If a 100' tape is used and the distance can be measured using full tape measures, what is the maxim error per tape measure allowed?
Answer:
± 0.003 ft
Explanation:
Since our distance is 10,000 ft and we need to use a full tape measure of 100 ft. We find that 10,000 = 100 × 100.
Let L' = our distance and L = our tape measure
So, L' = 100L
Now by error determination ΔL' = 100ΔL
Now ΔL' = ± 0.30 ft
ΔL = ΔL'/100
= ± 0.30 ft/100
= ± 0.003 ft
So, the maxim error per tape is ± 0.003 ft
It is desired to obtain 500 VAR reactive power from 230 Vrms 50 Hz 1.5 KVAR reactor. What should be the angle of the AC to AC converter to be used? Calculate the THD of the current drawn from the mains (consider up to the 12th harmonic)?
Answer:
14.5° ; THD % = 3.873 × 100 = 387.3%.
Explanation:
Okay, in this question we are given the following parameters or data or information which is going to assist us in solving the question efficiently and they are;
(1). "500 VAR reactive power from 230 Vrms 50 Hz 1.5 KVAR reactor".
(2). Consideration of up to 12th harmonic.
So, let us delve right into the solution to the question above;
Step one: Calculate the Irms and Irms(12th) by using the formula for the equation below;
Irms = reactive power /Vrms = 500/230 = 2.174 A.
Irms(12th) = 1.5 × 10^3/ 12 × 230 = 0.543 A.
Step two: Calculate the THD.
Before the Calculation of the THD, there is the need to determine the value for the dissociation factor, h.
h = Irms(12th)/Irms = 0.543/ 2.174 = 0.25.
Thus, THD = [1/ (h)^2 - 1 ] ^1/2. = 3.873.
THD % = 3.873 × 100 = 387.3%.
Step four: angle AC - Ac converter
theta = sin^-1 (1.5 × 10^3/ 12 × 500) = 14.5°.
1.What is three phase? why it is needed?
2. What is the condition to be balanced? Write down voltage equation of a balanced 3 phase voltage source and draw their phasor diagram.
1. We can see here that three phase refers to a type of electrical power transmission that uses three alternating current (AC) waveforms that are 120 degrees out of phase with each other. This is different from single-phase power transmission, which uses only one AC waveform.
What is voltage?Voltage, also known as electric potential difference, is a measure of the electrical potential energy per unit of charge in an electrical circuit. It is defined as the amount of work required to move a unit of electric charge between two points in a circuit, typically measured in volts (V).
Three-phase power is needed because it allows for more power to be transmitted over a given amount of wire or cable. With three-phase power, the power is delivered in a more consistent manner, which means that there is less voltage drop over long distances.
2. In order for a three-phase system to be balanced, the three phases must have the same amplitude and be 120 degrees out of phase with each other. The voltage equation of a balanced three-phase voltage source is given by:
Vph = Vline / √3
where Vph is the phase voltage and Vline is the line voltage. The phasor diagram for a balanced three-phase system shows three sinusoidal waveforms that are displaced by 120 degrees from each other.
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What is the correct order of the following user interfaces from the earliest to the most current?
Select one:
a. GUI, CLI, TUI
b. CLI, TUI, GUI
c. TUI, CLI, GUI
d. GUI, TUI, CLI
B) The following user interfaces should be listed in chronological sequence from the earliest to the latest: CLI, TUI, and GUI.
In the early computer systems, the Command Line Interface (CLI) was the first kind of user interface. To engage with the system, the user had to type commands in a particular format. After the CLI, the Text-based User Interface (TUI) offered a graphical display with a number of predefined options that the user could choose from using the keyboard. Today, the TUI is still in use, notably in specific kinds of software and applications. The most recent kind of user interface to be created was the Graphical User Interface (GUI), which used graphical features like windows, menus, and icons to provide a more user-friendly and intuitive method to interact with computers.
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The least value of the extraterrestrial solar radiation is in ed 2.00 Select one: on O a. Autumn O b. Spring Oc Constant throughout the year O d. Summer O e. Winter Apyranometer with a shading ring to measure diffuse radiation at location with latitude 0° on Fe a reading of 100 W/m2 What is the adjusted reading of this pyranometer?
The least value of extraterrestrial solar radiation is constant throughout the year. Therefore, the answer is option (c) Constant throughout the year. The extraterrestrial solar radiation is the amount of solar radiation received from the sun at the top of the Earth's atmosphere, the solar constant (Isc). The adjusted reading of the pyranometer is 82 W/m2.
The least value of extraterrestrial solar radiation is constant throughout the year. A pyranometer is an instrument used for measuring the solar irradiance (total energy flux from the Sun) that falls upon a planar surface. A pyranometer with a shading ring is used to measure diffuse radiation at a location with a latitude of 0°.If a pyranometer with a shading ring is used to measure diffuse radiation at a location with a latitude of 0° and it has a reading of 100 W/m2, the adjusted reading of this pyranometer will be as follows:
Let’s assume the correction factor of a pyranometer with a shading ring is 0.18. Therefore the adjusted reading of pyranometer is calculated as: Adjusted reading = (1 - 0.18) × reading= 0.82 × 100= 82 (W/m2).
Therefore, the adjusted reading of the pyranometer is 82 W/m2.
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Which of the following reduces friction in an engine A)wear B)drag C)motor oil D)defractionation
It is motor oil, as oil is used to reduce friction
n order to test whether camshafts are being manufactured to specification a sample of n = 35 camshafts are selected at random. The average value of the sample is calculated to be 4.44 mm and the depths of the camshafts in the sample vary by a standard deviation of s = 0.34 mm. Test the hypotheses selected previously, by filling in the blanks in the following: An estimate of the population mean is 4.44 . The standard error is 0.06 . The distribution is normal (examples: normal / t12 / chisquare4 / F5,6). The test statistic has value TS= . Testing at significance level α = 0.01, the rejection region is: less than and greater than (2 dec places). Since the test statistic (is in/is not in) the rejection region, there (is evidence/is no evidence) to reject the null hypothesis, H0. There (is sufficient/is insufficient) evidence to suggest that the average hardness depth, μ, is different to 4.5 mm. Were any assumptions required in order for this inference to be valid? a: No - the Central Limit Theorem applies, which states the sampling distribution is normal for any population distribution. b: Yes - the population distribution must be normally distributed.
In accordance with best engineering practices the technical reviews of an acat i rotary wing aircraft program will be used to assess the technical design maturity risk, but not programmatic risks, of the program. true or false
False. Technical reviews of an ACAT I rotary wing aircraft program are not solely used to assess technical design maturity risks but also programmatic risks.
ACAT (Acquisition Category) I programs represent major defense acquisition programs with high levels of complexity, cost, and risk. Therefore, comprehensive reviews are conducted to evaluate both technical and programmatic aspects.
Technical reviews assess the technical design maturity and identify any technical risks that may impact the program's success. These reviews focus on aspects such as system architecture, subsystem integration, performance, reliability, and safety.
Programmatic reviews, on the other hand, evaluate program management and execution, including schedule, budget, resources, and overall program performance. These reviews aim to identify programmatic risks, such as inadequate funding, schedule delays, inefficient resource allocation, and management issues.
Both technical and programmatic risks are crucial to evaluate in an ACAT I program to ensure the successful development and delivery of a rotary wing aircraft.
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a) Consider an air standard otto cycle that has a heat addition of 2800 kJ/kg of air, a compression ratio of 8 and a pressure and temperature at the beginning of compression process of 1 bar, 300 k. Determine:
(i) Maximum pressure and temperature in the cycle
(ii) Thermal efficiency
(iii) Mean effective pressure.
Assume for air Cp = 1.005 kJ/kg K, Cp = 0.718 kJ/kg K and R = 287 kJ/kg K.
(b) Explain any four types of classification of an Internal combustion engines.
:
Answer:
a) i) The maximum pressure is approximately 122.37 bar
ii) The thermal efficiency is approximately 56.47%
iii) The mean effective pressure is approximately 20.974 bar
b) (b) Four types of internal combustion engine includes;
1) The diesel engine
2) The Otto engine
3) The Brayton engine
4) The Wankel engine
Explanation:
The parameters of the Otto cycle are;
The heat added, \(Q_{in}\) = 2,800 kJ/kg
The compression ratio, r = 8
The beginning compression pressure, P₁ = 1 bar
The beginning compression temperature, T₁ = 300 K
Cp = 1.005 kJ/kg·K
Cv = 0.718 kJ/kg·K
R = 287 kJ/kg·K
K = Cp/Cv = 1.005 kJ/kg·K/(0.718 kJ/kg·K) ≈ 1.4
T₂ = T₁×r^(k - 1)
∴ T₂ = 300 K×8^(1.4 - 1) ≈ 689.219 K
\(\dfrac{P_1\cdot V_1}{T_1} = \dfrac{P_2\cdot V_2}{T_2}\)
\(P_2 = \dfrac{P_1\cdot V_1 \cdot T_2}{T_1 \cdot V_2} = \dfrac{V_1}{V_2} \cdot \dfrac{P_1 \cdot T_2}{T_1 } = r \cdot \dfrac{P_1 \cdot T_2}{T_1 }\)
∴ P₂ = 8 × 1 bar × (689.219K)/300 K ≈ 18.379 bar
\(Q_{in}\) = m·Cv·(T₃ - T₂)
∴ \(Q_{in}\) = 2,800 ≈ 0.718 × (T₃ - 689.219)
T₃ = 2,800/0.718 + 689.219 = 4588.94 K
P₃ = P₂ × (T₃/T₂)
P₃ = 18.379 bar × 4588.94K/(689.219 K) = 122.37 bar
The maximum pressure = P₃ ≈ 122.37 bar
(ii) The thermal efficiency, \(\eta_{Otto}\), is given as follows;
\(\eta_{Otto} = 1 - \dfrac{1}{r^{k - 1}}\)
Therefore, we have;
\(\eta_{Otto} = 1 - \dfrac{1}{8^{1.4 - 1}} \approx 0.5647\)
The thermal efficiency, \(\eta_{Otto}\) ≈ 0.5647
Therefore, the thermal efficiency ≈ 56.47%
(iii) The mean effective pressure, MEP is given as follows;
\(MEP = \dfrac{\left(P_3 - P_1 \cdot r^k \right) \cdot \left(1 - \dfrac{1}{r^{k-1}} \right)}{(k -1)\cdot (r - 1)}\)
Therefore, we get;
\(MEP = \dfrac{\left(122.37 - 1 \times 8^{1.4} \right) \cdot \left(1 - \dfrac{1}{8^{1.4-1}} \right)}{(1.4 -1)\cdot (8 - 1)} \approx 20.974\)
The mean effective pressure, MEP ≈ 20.974 bar
(b) Four types of internal combustion engine includes;
1) The diesel engine; Compression heating is the source of the ignition, with constant pressure combustion
2) The Otto engine which is the internal combustion engine found in cars that make use of gasoline as the source of fuel
The Otto engine cycle comprises of five steps; intake, compression, ignition, expansion and exhaust
3) The Brayton engine works on the principle of the steam turbine
4) The Wankel it follows the pattern of the Otto cycle but it does not have piston strokes
what are the besl measures used for data variation or dispersion
Answer:
STANDARD DAVIATION OR SD
Explanation:
BECAUSE it is commonly in measuring of dispersion and it also the most roubst measure of variability
.) If the charges attracting each other in the problem above have equal magnitude, what is the magnitude of each charge?
Answer:
Not seeing any other information, the best answer I can give is 2m.
Explanation:
M = magnitude
You see, if they have an equal charge, and you add them, it'd be 2 * m, or 2m.
Polarization: Unpolarized light passes through three ideal polarizing filters. The first filter is oriented with a horizontal transmission axis, the second one has its transmission axis at 30° from the horizontal, and the third filter has a vertical transmission axis. What percent of the light gets through this combination?
Answer:
the percentage of light that gets through this combination is 9.38
Explanation:
Given the data in the question;
Let us represent the incident unpolarized light with \(I_0\).
So, the amount of light intensity passing through the first polarizer will be;
\(I_1\) = \(I_0\) / 2 ------ let this be equation 1
An the amount of light intensity passing through the second polarizer will be;
\(I_2\) = \(I_1\)cos²θ
given that; the second one has its transmission axis at 30°
so, we substitute;
\(I_2\) = \(I_1\) × cos²( 30° )
\(I_2\) = \(I_1\) × 0.75
\(I_2\) = 0.75\(I_1\)
from equation; \(I_1\) = \(I_0\) / 2
\(I_2\) = 0.75( \(I_0\) / 2 )
\(I_2\) = 0.375\(I_0\) .
Now, the amount of light intensity passing through the third polarizer will be;
\(I_3\) = \(I_2\)cos² ( 90° - 30° )
\(I_3\) = \(I_2\) × cos²( 60° )
\(I_3\) = \(I_2\) × 0.25
we substitute
\(I_3\) = 0.375\(I_0\) × 0.25
\(I_3\) = 0.09375\(I_0\)
∴ \(I_3\)/\(I_0\) × 100 = 0.09375 × 100
⇒ 9.38%
Therefore, the percentage of light that gets through this combination is 9.38
What’s is the answer
Answer: A, B, C or D
Explanation: its either those
are trains cool because if they are then my dad didn't beat me
Answer:
I think trains are pretty awesome. There's a train in japan that levitates slightly and runs on magnetism. Pretty amazing. It's super fast too