name given to atoms that have either gained or lost electrons.

Answer: From top to bottom, 1 3 4 5 6

Explanation: The empirical formula is the most reduced whole number ratio of elements. N2O4 is the only compound that can be further reduced, making the empirical formula NO2, and thus is different from the molecular formula.

Answer:

1.59x10⁻¹⁰m

Explanation:

To solve this question we must know that the length of the cubic cell, X, is equal to:

X = √8 * R

Where R is the atomic radius of germanium

And that in 1 unit cell there are 4 atoms of germanium.

To solve this question we must find the mass in 1 unit cell, with this mass we can find the volume of the cube and the length. With the length we can know the atomic radius:

Mass in 1 unit cell -Molar mass Ge = 72.64g/mol:

4 atoms Ge * (1mol / 6.022x10²³ atoms) = 6.64x10⁻²⁴ moles Ge

6.64x10⁻²⁴ moles Ge * (72.64g / mol) = 4.825x10⁻²²g Ge

Volume unit cell:

4.825x10⁻²²g Ge * (1cm³ / 5.32g) = 9.07x10⁻²³cm³

Length unit cell:

∛9.07x10⁻²³cm³ = 4.49x10⁻⁸cm * (1m / 100cm) = 4.49x10⁻¹⁰m

Atomic radius Ge:

4.49x10⁻¹⁰m / √8 =

Answer:

2 vials

Explanation:

The concentration (C) of the drug in the solution is:

C= 500 mg/5 mL = 100 mg/mL

Each vial with a volume (V) of 10 mL, contains the following mass of drug:

V= 10 mL ⇒ C x V = 100 mg/mL x 10 mL = 1000 mg

As you need 2.00 g, and 1 gram is equivalent to 1000 mg, the mass needed is 2.00 g x 1000 mg/1 g = 2000 mg

Thus, you have to divide the mass you need into the mass of each vial:

(2000 mg)/(1000 mg/vial) = 2 vials

Therefore, you need 2 vials.

From the calculation, there is still more than 75 percent on the earth now (option D).

The term half life is the time taken for half of the number of radioactive isotopes to remain.

Given that;

N/No = (1/2)^t/t1/2

N = amount at time t

No = amount at the beginning

t = time taken

t1/2 = half life

Hence;

N/No = (0.5)^4.6 * 10^9/50 * 10^9

N/No = 0.94

Hence, the percentage that is currently in the earth is about 94%.

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The best set of reagents to achieve the ph-co2h => ph-come will be Br2, CH2N2.

A material or ingredient supplied to a system to trigger a chemical reaction or check to see whether one occurs is known as a reagent as well as an analytical reagent. Reactant refers to a substance that is consumed during a chemical reaction. The phrases reactant and reagent just aren't frequently used interchangeably.

Diazomethane reacts swiftly and extremely effectively, producing just N2 as a byproduct, making it an appealing methylating agent for carboxylic acids including phenols.

Therefore, the best set of reagents to achieve the ph-co2h => ph-come will be Br2, CH2N2.

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When the carbonic acid sodium bicarbonate buffer pair buffers lactic acid, the following reaction occurs:$$\text{HCO}_3^- + \text{H}^+ \leftrightarrow \text{H}_2\text{CO}_3$$The carbonic acid/bicarbonate buffer system is one of the most important in human blood. When the pH of the blood decreases (becomes more acidic), the amount of bicarbonate ions in the blood decreases, and the concentration of hydrogen ions increases.

A buffer is a solution of a weak acid and its conjugate base that prevents changes in pH when small amounts of strong acid or base are added. Buffer systems protect organisms from pH changes by regulating and neutralizing acids and bases that enter or are produced by cells.

When the carbonic acid sodium bicarbonate buffer pair buffers lactic acid, the following reaction occurs:$$\text{HCO}_3^- + \text{H}^+ \leftrightarrow \text{H}_2\text{CO}_3$$The carbonic acid/bicarbonate buffer system is one of the most important in human blood. When the pH of the blood decreases (becomes more acidic), the amount of bicarbonate ions in the blood decreases, and the concentration of hydrogen ions increases. To balance the excess hydrogen ions, carbonic acid (H2CO3) is formed from carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). Carbonic acid then decomposes to form bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions, and the pH of the blood is returned to normal. The bicarbonate ions act as a base, neutralizing the excess hydrogen ions that cause the blood to become more acidic. This is called the bicarbonate buffer system. Lactic acid is produced during intense exercise when the body doesn't get enough oxygen to meet its energy needs. The buildup of lactic acid in muscles can cause fatigue and muscle soreness. The carbonic acid/bicarbonate buffer system can also help to buffer the excess lactic acid produced during exercise, preventing the blood from becoming too acidic.

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Structure and the reaction is in the attached photo.

Amides, RCONR'2, can be reduced to the amine, RCH2NR'2 by conversion of the C=O to -CH2-. Amides can be reduced by LiAlH4 but not the with the less reactive NaBH4. Some of the reagents are LiAlH4  / ether solvent, followed by water.

This reduction reaction is different from the different to that of other C=O compounds which reduce to alcohols like in esters.

Lithium aluminium hydride (LiAlH4) and sodium borohydride are the two most frequent sources of the hydride nucleophile (NaBH4).

The presence of a polar metal-hydrogen bond in these reagents acts as a source of hydride rather than the hydride anion, which is absent during this reaction. Since the Al-H bond in LiAlH4 is more polar and aluminium is less electronegative than boron, LiAlH4 is a more potent reducer.

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Answer:

a) Acidified potassium dichromate solution is used to test for the presence of a primary or secondary alcohol.

b) The orange color of the potassium dichromate solution is reduced to green when it reacts with an alcohol.

c) The oxidation of a primary alcohol produces a carboxylic acid.

d) The oxidation of a secondary alcohol produces a ketone.

e) The dichromate test does not work for tertiary alcohols because they cannot be further oxidized. Methylpropan-2-ol is a tertiary alcohol with the chemical structure:

CH3

|

CH3—C—OH

|

CH3

Since there are no hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon atom bearing the hydroxyl group, it cannot be oxidized.

a) A simple test for the presence of a carboxylic acid group is the addition of sodium hydrogencarbonate solution to the compound. The reagent reacts with the carboxylic acid to produce carbon dioxide gas.

Reagent: Sodium hydrogencarbonate solution

Observation: Effervescence (bubbling) due to the release of carbon dioxide gas.

b) To confirm that the gas produced in the hydrogencarbonate test is carbon dioxide, it can be tested with limewater. Carbon dioxide turns limewater milky/cloudy due to the formation of calcium carbonate.

c) The hydrogencarbonate test is not conclusive proof that a carboxylic acid group is present in a completely unknown compound because some other functional groups such as phenols and alcohols can also react with the reagent and produce carbon dioxide. Therefore, additional tests such as the dichromate test or Tollens' test may be needed to confirm the presence of a carboxylic acid group.

(please could you kindly mark my answer as brainliest and a follow would be really nice)

If there are specific terms or phrases mentioned in the question, they should be used in the answer to demonstrate understanding of the topic at hand.

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Yes.  Gay-Lussac's law states that at constant volume, the pressure and temperature of a gas are directly proportional.

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Answer:

The model cannot show how light bends.

Explanation:

According to the given statement these two changes have in common in Both are only chemical changes.

The correct option is C.

Chemical changes happen when bonds among atoms or molecules are formed, broken, or both. This suggests that a substance is transformed from one with a particular set of characteristics (such melting point, color, flavor, etc.) into one with a different set of characteristics.

The majority of our energy is produced by chemical reactions. Many different types of materials are tested, identified, and analyzed using chemical reactions (such as pool testing kits and forensic tests from TV shows like "CSI").

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Answer:

chemical change

Explanation:

chemical change is when a substance combine with another substance to form a new substance.

Answer: The two categories is porous evidence and nonporous evidence. Nonporous item of evidence is when you put the latent print on the surface and it just sits on the surface. Porous item of evidence is when you put the latent print on the surface and it absorbs the latent print deposit.

There are total seven number of atoms in ammonium hydroxide, \(NH_{4} OH\).

The solution represented by the formula \(NH_{4} OH\) consists of large quantities of water and ammonia and smaller quantities of ammonium ion and hydroxide ion, OH−. The substances consist of atoms or molecules. it is important to measure their amounts accurately. mole is used to express the amounts of reactants and products of chemical reactions. One mole contains 6.02214076×10²³. This number is called Avogadro constant. It is also called as Avogadro's number. The molecular mass is said to be the mass of a molecule calculated as the sum of the mass of each atom in the molecule multiplied by the number of atoms of that element in the molecule.

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Answer: 6.40 moles

Explanation:

The temperature at the top of an atmosphere consisting of an ideal gas with constant density can be found using the ideal gas law, which states that PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature.

Assuming the density of the gas is constant throughout the atmosphere, we can express the pressure as P = ρgh, where ρ is the density, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height.

Since the atmosphere is homogeneous, the pressure at the top (P_top) is the same as the pressure at the bottom (P_bottom), so we have P_top = P_bottom = ρgh.

Using the ideal gas law, we can write ρghV = nRT, where V is the volume of the gas.

Assuming the volume of the gas is constant, we can cancel out V, and rearranging the equation, we get T_top = (nRT_bottom)/(nR) = T_bottom.

Therefore, the temperature at the top of the atmosphere would be the same as the temperature at the bottom.

In practice, however, it is not possible for an atmosphere to have constant density all the way to the top. As we go higher in the atmosphere, the density decreases due to decreasing pressure and temperature. This is because gravity becomes weaker at higher altitudes. Therefore, in reality, the temperature would decrease as we move higher in the atmosphere.

So, while a homogeneous atmosphere with constant density all the way to the top cannot exist in practice, it can be considered as an idealized scenario for understanding certain aspects of atmospheric behavior.

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Answer:

A. The total mass of materials present after a chemical reaction is the same as the total mass present before the reaction.

Explanation:

Law of conservation states that whatever mass you start with you will end with, mass cannot be gained or lost

Answer: B) The solution is an acid.

Explanation:

Answer:

B

Explanation:

Answer:

water

Explanation:

because it's capable of dissolving more substances

Answer:

B. water  It can dissolve more substances

Explanation:

Heat of vaporization is the amount of heat energy required to convert a substance from its liquid state to its gaseous state at a constant temperature and pressure. It is a measure of the strength of the intermolecular forces holding the molecules together in the liquid phase.

Heat of vaporization:

Heat of vaporization is the amount of heat energy required to convert a substance from its liquid state to its gaseous state at a constant temperature and pressure. It is a measure of the strength of the intermolecular forces holding the molecules together in the liquid phase.

When a substance is heated, the added energy increases the kinetic energy of the molecules, causing them to move faster. As the temperature rises, the average kinetic energy of the molecules increases, and eventually, the molecules have enough energy to overcome the intermolecular forces and escape from the liquid phase, forming a gas.

The heat of vaporization is specific to each substance and is typically expressed in units of joules per gram (J/g) or calories per gram (cal/g). It is an important property in various applications, such as in the design of cooling systems, understanding phase changes, and calculating energy requirements for processes involving vaporization.

Fact:

The heat of vaporization for water is approximately 40.7 kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol) at its boiling point of 100 degrees Celsius.

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The heat of vaporization is the amount of heat required to convert one gram of a substance from its liquid state to its gaseous state without any change in temperature. It is denoted by delta Hvap.

This is a measure of the energy that is required to overcome the intermolecular forces that hold a liquid together and break the bonds between the molecules to form a gas.Heat of vaporization is the amount of heat required to convert one gram of a substance from its liquid state to its gaseous state without any change in temperature.

There are many interesting phenomena where the heat of vaporisation can be seen. For instance, heat is continuously added to liquid water when it boils on a hob in order to overcome the intermolecular interactions and turn it into water vapour. Similar to how sweat evaporates from our skin, the heat that is removed from us as the sweat changes from a liquid to a gas cools us down.

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Hydrogen peroxide is also a powerful oxidizing agent that can break down colored compounds and disinfect surfaces.

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a colorless and odorless liquid that is composed of hydrogen and oxygen. It is a powerful oxidizing agent that can be used for a variety of applications, including bleaching, disinfecting, and wound healing.

Hydrogen peroxide is often used as a disinfectant because it is effective against a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. It works by releasing oxygen, which damages the cell walls and enzymes of microorganisms, leading to their death.

It makes a good alternative to chlorine because it can oxidize many colored compounds.

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The items required to run the spectrophotometry experiment exists Spectrophotometer, Blank solution, Sample solution, Cuvette and Stir bar.

Spectrophotometry is an experimental method for determining the concentration of solutes in a particular solution by estimating the amount of light that each solute absorbs. Because specific substances will absorb certain light wavelengths at various intensities, this technique is effective.

By measuring the intensity of light as a beam of light travels through a sample solution, a technique called spectrophotometry can determine how much light a chemical component absorbs.

The spectrophotometer is the device used to calculate how much light the sample absorbs. In order to measure the sample's light's intensity, a light beam will be directed through the sample. The tool is employed in both color measurement and color monitoring.

In a number of spectroscopic experiments, the spectrophotometer is employed to ascertain the peak's wavelength.

Therefore, the correct answer is option  A. Spectrophotometer

C. Blank solution

D. Sample solution

E. Cuvette

F. Stir bar.

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The particle that makes the atom an unstable isotope is the neutron. When there is an excess or a deficiency of neutrons in an atom's nucleus, it becomes an unstable isotope.

Unstable isotopes are isotopes that decay and emit radiation until they reach a stable state. They are also known as radioactive isotopes. The radioactive isotopes are unstable and have an unpredictable lifespan because they have an unstable ratio of neutrons to protons. This excess of neutrons in the nucleus results in a greater electrostatic repulsion between protons, causing instability and eventually decay.Neutrons are the particles that are responsible for making atoms unstable isotopes. The excess or deficiency of neutrons in an atom's nucleus leads to an unstable state and eventually decay. Radioactive isotopes are important for various practical applications such as nuclear power, radiography, and cancer treatment.

Therefore, neutrons makes the atom an unstable isotope. The decay of unstable isotopes can be used for many practical applications such as nuclear power, radiography, and cancer treatment.

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Two substances, a and b were heated. Both substances change color. when cooled, both substances return to their original colors.

Changes within the size or form of matter are examples of physical change. Physical changes include transitions from one state to a different , like from solid to liquid or liquid to gas. Cutting, bending, dissolving, freezing, boiling, and melting are a number of the processes that create physical changes.

Physical changes occur when objects or substances undergo a change that doesn't change their chemical composition. This contrasts with the concept of chemical process in which the composition of a substance changes or one or more substances combine or break up to form new substances.

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In one of the trials, the purpose of using water/soap solution was to compare the cleanliness of the hand with washing by water alone.

Hand washing is one of the simplest, most effective ways to avoid getting sick and prevent the spread of germs. Washing your hands with soap and water is still one of the most important steps you can take to avoid getting sick and to avoid spreading germs to others. The purpose of using water/soap solution for one of the trials was to compare the cleanliness of the hand with washing by water alone.The experiment involves two trials to investigate the effectiveness of soap and water in removing bacteria from hands. In one trial, the participant washed their hands with soap and water. While in the other trial, the participant washed their hands with water alone. After washing, their hands were pressed on a petri dish with culture medium to grow the bacteria. Then, the plates were placed in an incubator at 37°C for two days to grow bacteria. The soap and water solution are effective in removing bacteria from hands because the soap helps to lift dirt, grease, and microbes off skin and onto the surfaces of the lather, so that it can be rinsed away by water.

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