n oligopoly Multiple Choice the fewness of firms creates mutual interdependence in pricing among the firms firms have no difficulty entering and leaving the market firms compete with each other only by raising and lowering quantity because prices are fixed the firm having a natural monopoly sets price for the others the firm is the industry
Answers
Answer:
The fewness of firms creates mutual interdependence in pricing among the firms
Explanation:
An oligopoly is a market arrangement in which fewer firms are seen to dominate and when they share the market area they are operating in, the market is then sad to be concentrated.
These firms operating under oligopolistic conditions are interdependent in the sense that, they cannot act independently of one another.
The firms consider the potential reactions of each other when making their unique business decisions.
Related Questions
How does the commerce clause affect the regulation of business?
Answers
The Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) does not
O have seven commissioners
O appoint its commissioners for seven-year terms
O ensure that products have adequate warnings and instructions
O represent an independent regulatory commission
Answers
No independent regulatory body is represented by the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC).
What is the product?The object being sold is referred to as a product. A service or an object both qualify as products. It could take on a physical, virtual, or cyber form. Every product has a cost associated with it, and each one has a price. The market, the quality, the marketing, and the group that is being targeted all affect the price that can be charged.
A safe product is one that, while taking into account the regular or reasonably anticipated usage of the product and the requirement to maintain a high degree of protection for consumers, offers either no risk or a minimum tolerable level of risk.
The Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) protects the public from unreasonable risks of serious injury or death from thousands of types of consumer products under its jurisdiction, including products that pose a fire, electrical, chemical, or mechanical hazard or can injure .
Therefore, Thus option (D) is correct.
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: Precision Musical Instruments, merchandisers of musical instruments, has provided the following details: Inventory purchased on account Freight in $750,000 Mar. 5 30,000 Mar. 8 Mar. 13 Purchase returns 55,000 Mar. 14 Allowances by vendor Payment made to vendor for purchases on March 5 12,000 Mar. 20 ? Credit terms are: 4/20, n/45, FOB shipping point. Calculate the net cost of inventory purchased assuming that there are no other inventory - related transactions during the month. Assume that the perpetual inventory system is used A. $684,480 B. $683,000 $685,680 D. $738,000 Ralwins, Inc. had the following balances and transactions during 2018, from January 1 to December 31: 200 units at $81 Beginning Merchandise Inventory March 10 Sold 100 units Purchased 400 units at $83 June 10 October 30 Sold 300 units What would be reported for ending Merchandise Inventory on the balance sheet at December 31, 2018 if the perpetual inventory system and the weighted - average inventory costing method are used? (Round unit costs to two decimal places and total costs to nearest dollar.) A. $16,200 OB. $8,100 O C. $24,300 D. $16,520
Answers
According to the question Ending Merchandise Inventory is $16,520.
What is Inventory?Inventory is an accounting term used to describe the goods and materials held by an organization for the purpose of production or resale. It is a critical component of the supply chain and can include raw materials, components, and finished goods that are held in warehouses, distribution centers, and retail stores. Inventory is also used to track the costs associated with the goods, such as the cost of production or the cost of purchasing from a supplier.
The net cost of inventory purchased would be $683,000. This is calculated as follows:
Inventory purchased on account: $750,000
Purchase returns: - 55,000
Allowances by vendor: - 12,000
Net cost of inventory purchased: $683,000
For the balance sheet, the ending Merchandise Inventory at December 31, 2018 would be reported as $16,520. This is calculated as follows:
Beginning Merchandise Inventory: 200 units at $81 = $16,200
+ Purchases: 400 units at $83 = 33,200
+ Purchases Returns: 0
- Sales: 400 units = - 24,300
Ending Merchandise Inventory = $16,520
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Which of Congress's powers is implied through the necessary and proper
clause?
OA. The power to restrict child labor
O B. The power to negotiate treaties
O C. The power to print money
OD. The power to declare war
Answers
Answer:
b the power to negotiate treaties
McBurgers Inc. noticed brown pellets in some areas of
their kitchen. They assume that it is a sign of pest
infestation. What action should they take?
Check all that apply:
Store food away from walls and dispose of trash
regularly.
Change humidity, light, and temperature conditions
in the whole food service area.
Block all entry points to prevent pests from entering
the kitchen or other storage areas.
Sweep the pellets away and clean the floor with
water and a cleaner and apply floor sanitizer.
Submit Answer
Answers
The action that they should take are:
Store food away from walls and dispose of trash regularly.Change humidity, light, and temperature conditions in the whole food service area.Block all entry points to prevent pests from entering the kitchen or other storage areas.Sweep the pellets away and clean the floor with water and a cleaner and apply floor sanitizer.What is pest infestation?Pest Infestation is the state of being invaded or overrun by pests or parasites.
To avoid pest infestation, it is important to keep the house clean.
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was a economist who believed that in wages and prices could block adjustments to full employment.
Answers
John Maynard Keynes was a British economist who believed that stickiness in wages and prices could block adjustments to full employment.
Who is John Maynard Keynes?John Maynard Keynes was a famous British economist during the Great Depression and he was born on the 5th of June 1883. During the Great Depression, John Maynard Keynes advocated and promoted expansionary actions to encourage economic recovery, which was typically part of the Keynesian economic framework.
According to the Keynesian economic framework, it is assumed that both prices and wages are considered as being sticky and as such, they do not adjust rapidly, thereby, making an economy's recovery from a recession to be very slow while blocking adjustments to full employment.
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Complete Question:
_______ was a _______ economist who believed that _______ in wages and prices could block adjustments to full employment.
Sandy Kupchack just graduated from State University with a bachelor’s degree in history. During her four years at the university, Sandy accumulated $10,000 in student loans. She asks for your help in determining the amount of the quarterly loan payment. She tells you that the loan must be paid back in five years and that the annual interest rate is 8%. Payments begin in three months.
Required:
Determine Sandy's quarterly loan payment.
Answers
Answer: $611.57 or $612 rounded to nearest dollar.
Explanation:
She would have to make a constant payment per quarter which makes it an annuity.
The $10,000 is the present value of the annuity.
The quarters remaining are = 5 years * 4 = 20 quarters
Quarterly interest = 8%/4 = 2%
10,000 = Annuity * Present Value of Annuity factor, 20 periods, 2%
10,000 = Annuity * 16.3514
Annuity = 10,000/16.3514
= $611.57
True or False. According to the Glassdoor article "Small Vs. Large Companies: Ten Differences Between Working For The Two". The hiring process at a small company will be much faster.
Answers
The statement is true i.e., the hiring process at a small company will be much faster because scheduling interviews is simpler, and getting feedback is quicker.
How quickly ought the hiring procedure to go?Two to four weeks are suggested as the time limit for this. The risk of losing those A-level prospects to another organization increases considerably if the process takes longer than four weeks.
Who controls the hiring process the most?The recruiting manager actually closes the transaction, even if the recruiter controls the process. Therefore, recruiting managers are the ones who make the decisions; they have the final say in who gets recruited and who doesn't. They are responsible for the hiring process' result.
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Recent financial statement data for Harmony Health Foods (HHF) Inc. is shown below.
Current liabilities $ 197 Income before interest and taxes $ 116
10% Bonds, long-term 370 Interest expense 37
Total liabilities 567 Income before tax 79
Shareholders' equity Income tax 22
Capital stock 210 Net income $ 57
Retained earnings 291
Total shareholders'
equity 501
Total liabilities and
equity $1,068
HHF's times interest earned ratio is (Round your answer to two decimal places.):__________.
a) 10.00.
b) 3.14.
c) 1.54.
d) 2.14.
Answers
Answer:
HHF's times interest earned ratio is 3.14. The right answer is b
Explanation:
In order to calculate the times interest earned ratio we would have to use the following formula:
Times interest earned ratio=Earnings before interest and taxes/Interest expenses
According to the given data we have the following:
Earnings before interest and taxes= $116
Interest expenses =$37
Therefore, Times interest earned ratio=$116/$37
Times interest earned ratio=3.14
HHF's times interest earned ratio is 3.14
Which of these measures would an
economist use to compare GDP from various time periods, and why? Which measure would an econo-
mist use to compare the GDP of various countries, and why?
Answers
An economist can use the real GDP to compare GDP from various time periods
Why would an economist use the real GDP?
The real GDP is used to generate the actual worth of all products and services in an economy , which has been adjusted for inflation. Inflation adjustment is important because, unlike nominal GDP, it enables economists to check the output of various time periods in constant dollars.
The purchasing power parity (PPP) can be use by economist as a measure to compare the GDP of various nations. PPP shows details on how different countries can charge different prices for the same commodities and services. It also provides information on the actual standard of living in each nation
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XYZ Corporation is a traditional reputation retail commercial corporation. Under the pressure of the online
trading wave, the Board of XYZ Corporation had to reform to survive. They decided to set up an e-commerce
startup, named as "e-XYZ" in order to collaborate and support XYZ Corporation' traditional commercial
operations. The Board has assigned Mr. Lê Hoàng Minh, the CIO of XYZ Corporation, in charge of the Chairman
of e-XYZ. Mr.Minh now needs to clarify the vision, mission and/or the strategic development plan of this own eXYZ.
e-XYZ should mobilize the Human Resources from former XYZ' employees in combination with the new
candidates from outside. Minh would like to establish a plan (named as “Gen X – plan”) to extensively change the
culture and structure of e-XYZ FinTech toward an open, innovative, creative organization.
Based on the theories learned in the "Leadership" course, give your own ideas to address the following issues:
Issue 1 (2.0 marks):
What model of cross-cultural organization should Mr Minh LÊ propose to the Board? Explain your
argument using theory/ies and examples for support.
Issue 2 (2.0 marks):
What're the steps of this “Gen X – plan”? Describe the detailed plan together with Minh' specific action
plan for that?
Answers
The cross-cultural organization model that Mr Minh Lê should propose to the board is the Hofstede model, which increases organizational awareness of cultural diversity in global companies.
Hofstede's model
Used in intercultural management with the aim of helping a company and its people to create learning about the impact of cultural diversity in the workplace, creating greater value at work, strengthening the organizational culture and increasing performance.
The basis of Hofstede's model is the differences between individual beliefs and values according to the goals and objectives of the work. The model therefore seeks to increase satisfaction by instituting practices that promote diversity through the creation of a sense of belonging.
The steps os this "Gen X- plan" that the manager should follow would then be the environmental analysis, identification of leadership, control of information, financial management, organizational processes, creating a new portfolio of services, restructuring the culture and instituting the strategic plan.
Therefore, it is necessary that the planning for the cultural and structural change of e-XYZ FinTech towards an open, innovative and creative organization, is focused on environmental and cultural restructuring, with the creation of value for the stakeholders.
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One reason why firms might want to pursue a strategic alliance strategy is to exploit
economies of scale. Exploiting economies of scale should reduce firm’s costs. Does this
mean that a firm pursuing an alliance strategy to exploit economies of scale is actually
pursuing a cost leadership strategy? Why or why not? Support your answer
Answers
So, a strategic alliance may benefit the combined group in two ways: one, it will enable them to target larger clients without facing significant rivalry
Economies of scale, which are commonly assessed by the quantity of product provided per unit of time, seem to be the cost savings that businesses gain as a result of the significant scale of the economy.
In order to lower manufacturing costs, economies of scale is the method of producing any good at a very high volume. Strategic alliances allow two businesses to more effectively merge their operations.
It will enable them to lower costs through economies of scale. Additional benefits of economies of scale include lower prices for goods or cost focus in the marketplace.
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During civil lawsuit, proceedings regarding alcohol, service courts will try to determine if the
Answers
During civil lawsuit proceedings regarding alcohol service, courts will try to determine if the designated driver was present and remained sober.
How do courts determine the presence and sobriety?During civil lawsuit proceedings involving alcohol service, courts aim to establish whether a designated driver was present and this determination is crucial in cases where establishments or individuals are being held accountable for over-serving alcohol to a patron who later caused harm or injury due to impaired driving.
The court may consider various forms of evidence such as witness testimonies, surveillance footage, receipts indicating non-alcoholic purchases or the designated driver's own account of their sobriety. It court may evaluate the credibility and reliability of the designated driver's actions and statements throughout the relevant time period.
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Cullumber Company uses a periodic inventory system and reports the following for the month of June.
What is the weighted-average unit cost ?
Answers
For the month of June, Cullumber Company reports using a periodic inventory system. The weighted-average unit cost is $10.117, or $951 ÷ 94.
How do periodic inventory systems record inventory?All purchases made between physical inventory counts are recorded in a purchases account under the periodic inventory system. After a physical inventory count, the balance in the purchases account is moved into the inventory account, where it is rebalanced to match the cost of the finished inventory. Simply put, to determine the weighted average, all data set values must first be multiplied by their respective weights. After that, add up the products that resulted and divide by the total weights. While managing rates, one will as a rule observe that the amount of loads is equivalent to 1 or 100 percent.
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Calculate the selling price per unit charged by the outside supplier that would make ABC Company economically indifferent between making and buying the part. Enter your answer with two places after the decimal point (i.e., 78.90).
Answers
Question Completion:
ABC Company makes 40,000 units per year of a part it uses in the products it manufactures. The per unit product cost of this part is shown below:
Direct materials = $15.30
Direct labor = 27.40
Variable overhead 2.10
Fixed overhead = 24.70
Total = $69.50
An outside supplier has offered to sell ABC Company 40,000 units of this part a year for $66.10 per unit. If ABC Company accepts this offer, the facilities now being used to make this part could be used to make more units of a product that is in high demand. The additional contribution margin that could be earned on this other product would be $100,000 per year. If ABC Company accepts the outside supplier's offer, $21.90 of the fixed overhead cost being applied to the part would be eliminated. The remaining amount would continue to be incurred and would be allocated to the company's remaining products.
Calculate the selling price per unit charged by the outside supplier that would make ABC Company economically indifferent between making and buying the part. Enter your answer with two | places after the decimal point (i.e., $78.90)
Answer:
ABC Company
The selling price that the outside supplier would charge ABC Company to make it economically indifferent between making and buying the part is:
= $90.50
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Required annual quantity of the part = 40,000 units
Outside supplier's price per unit = $66.10
Total savings = 24.40
Total price for ABC to be indifferent = $90.50
Savings from outside supply:
Additional contribution ($100,000/40,000) = $2.50
Eliminated fixed costs = $21.90
Total savings = $24.40
b) ABC Company would be indifferent and equally satisfied if the outside supplier charges it $90.50 or it makes the part at a per-unit cost of $69.50 while it loses a benefit or savings (otherwise called opportunity cost) of $24.40.
The Premise:
Organizations in today’s dynamic and competitive environment should create a productive, innovative and growing team of employees for increased productivity, efficiency and employee retention. According to the World Economic Forum Fortune companies can only survive 40 to 50 years while most of them are bought, sold, split or simply cease to exist.
Keeping this view, the company SES Associates Pvt Ltd. strives for professional development by encouraging employees to work towards their goals and remain open to new prospective, ideas and processes. They encourage their employees to learn and adopt new skills and take unconventional approaches to work in continuously changing environment. They also provide environment where employees feel comfortable, asking questions and presenting unique ideas and diverse prospective. The organization also abandoned the outdated management approaches such as top-down force; doing what’s comfortable or familiar instead of taking risks and challenging the status quo. They shifted from old approaches to emerging views of management to create an environment of continual growth, risk taking, knowledge sharing and better chance of surviving in a very competitive market.
Point of Discussion:
Being a student of management, Analyze the above scenario and identify two emerging views of management adopted by the SES Associates Pvt Ltd. for continual growth and increased productivity. Also give one logical explanation for each View.
Answers
The two emerging views of management adopted by SES Associates Pvt Ltd. for continual growth and increased productivity are Collaborative Management and Agile Management.
Let's analyze two such views adopted by SES Associates Pvt Ltd. and provide a logical explanation for each,
1. Collaborative Management: SES Associates Pvt Ltd. has adopted collaborative management as an emerging view to facilitating continual growth. This approach emphasizes teamwork, shared decision-making, and open communication across all levels of the organization. By encouraging employees to work together, share ideas, and collaborate on projects, the company harnesses the collective intelligence and diverse perspectives of its workforce. This leads to enhanced problem-solving, innovative solutions, and increased productivity.
2. Agile Management: SES Associates Pvt Ltd. embraces agile management principles to thrive in a rapidly changing business landscape. Agile management promotes flexibility, adaptability, and responsiveness to evolving market conditions. By encouraging employees to learn and adopt new skills, take calculated risks, and adapt to changing circumstances, the organization ensures that it remains competitive and resilient.
SES Associates Pvt Ltd. recognizes the importance of adopting emerging views of management to foster continual growth and increased productivity. Through collaborative management, the organization leverages the collective intelligence of its workforce, while agile management enables them to adapt and thrive in a rapidly changing environment.
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The two emerging views of management adopted by SES Associates Pvt Ltd. for continual growth and increased productivity can be seen are :
Agile Management:Open and Collaborative Culture:What is the competitive environment?Agile management allows quick adaptation to changing business environment, seizing new opportunities, and responding to market demands. Encourages innovation, empowers employees, increases productivity and growth.
SES Associates Pvt Ltd: Open and Collaborative Culture. Created a comfortable environment for employees' questions, ideas, and perspectives. Shift to more open, collaborative culture. Culture encourages knowledge sharing, learning, and constructive dialogue among employees.
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Which set of documents do you need to correct a mistake on a filed tax return
Answers
Answer:
Form 1040x
Explanation:
In the context of trend analysis, what is base amount?
OA
sales of the first year
OB. difference in the sales amount of two successive years
OC sales of the current year
OD. difference in the sales amount of the first year and the current year
Answers
Answer:
The answer is "Option C".
Explanation:
Trend analysis is also an economic concept used to describe a situation wherein the market motion of a service or product, in which a company would be selling is predicted based on data in potential.
Its analysis is based on the current year's revenues, where certain conclusions can be drawn as well as how the company will develop strategies to market this service or product.
how could competition policy undo the wrongs of the past and make south Africa a better place
Answers
Answer:
To achieve its purpose, the Commission's core functions are the following: implement measures to increase market transparency; implement measures to develop public awareness of the provisions of the Act; investigate and evaluate alleged anti-competitive conduct; conduct formal inquiry in respect of the general state of ...
Explanation:
It is a structure which regulates the markets and monopolies in the country. It generally aims in preventing monopoly growth. It benefited by balancing the act of economic transformation that will benefit all South Africans through ownership, the participation of small and medium enterprises and employment.
Mrs. Slayman slays all day. She slays 17 times a second. Approximately how much Slaying does Mrs. Slayman do in a day?
Answers
Mrs. Slayman slays approximately 1,468,800 times in a day.
How to calculate much Slaying does Mrs. Slayman do in a dayIf Mrs. Slayman slays 17 times every second, then in one minute (60 seconds), she slays:
17 times/second * 60 seconds = 1020 times/minute
In one hour (60 minutes), she slays:
1020 times/minute * 60 minutes = 61,200 times/hour
And in one day (24 hours), she slays:
61,200 times/hour * 24 hours = 1,468,800 times/day
Therefore, Mrs. Slayman slays approximately 1,468,800 times in a day.
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What is massinfluence
Answers
Mass influence is the actual force which is exerted by a media message, resulting in either a reinforcement or change in audience or individual beliefs.
As per the media Psychology, the effect of mass media on the manner, actions, and contemplations of the individuals and audiences is called mass influence. As, this influence can be thus negative or positive.
The certain types of mass media such as the radio, newspaper, magazines, the internet, and the television are said to be the influence. Thus, mass media has influenced education, public opinion, popular culture, and as well as the depiction of society.
Hence, technology used in order to reach a mass audience.
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What value is usually
associated with the term
(Y)"?
A. Interest Rate
B. Real Output
C. Equilibrium Price
D. M1
Answers
Answer:
B real output. Have a great Friday. Enjoy the weekend.
Distinguish between bee and bbbee
Answers
ANSWER:- The difference in these policies is while BEE sought to right the wrongs of the past, B-BBEE aims at distributing the wealth of nation across all races and genders.
Step 2. Search to find any summary about the company that mentions funds for starting the business. Try to find any information containing employee data in this section.
Step 3. Find the section where the product or service is detailed. Look to see what kinds of products or services will be involved with the business. Compare this with what other similar business plans are offering.
Record the information you found for steps 2 and 3. Make sure you discuss how the company got money to start the business, employee data, and what products or services the company provides in comparison with what other similar business plans are offering.
Answers
We can see here that such company gotten after searching for company that mentions funds for starting the business is Go-o-gle.
Funds for starting the business: $1 million in funding from Andy Bechtolsheim.
Employee data: over 160,000 employees worldwide.
What is a company?A company is a legal and organizational entity formed by individuals or a group of individuals with the purpose of conducting business activities. It is an association of individuals who come together to engage in commercial, industrial, or professional activities in order to generate revenue and make a profit.
Their products are digital and online services.
Comparing this company, we see Microsoft.
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Can anyone please write a summery of everything that happened in the Great depression?
Answers
Fill in the "description" column for the below table by mentioning if it is elastic, inelastic or unit
elastic.
Price
$2.0
$3.0
$4.0
$5.0
$6.0
$7.0
$8.0
$9.0
Quantity
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
Total Revenue
(Price x
Quantity)
$40
$54
$64
$70
$72
$70
$64
$54
Slope Point Elasticity Description
-2.00
$0.10
-0.20
-2.00 $0.17
-0.33
-2.00
$0.25
-0.50
-2.00
$0.36
-0.71
-2.00
$0.50
-1.00
-2.00 $0.70
-1.40
-2.00
$1.00
-2.00
-2.00
$1.50
-3.00
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Price Quantity Total Revenue Description
$2.0 20 $40 Elastic
$3.0 18 $54 Elastic
$4.0 16 $64 Elastic
$5.0 14 $70 Unit Elastic
$6.0 12 $72 Inelastic
$7.0 10 $70 Inelastic
$8.0 8 $64 Inelastic
$9.0 6 $54 Inelastic
The description for each value is as follows:
-2.00: Elastic
-0.20: Inelastic
-0.33: Inelastic
-0.50: Inelastic
-0.71: Inelastic
-1.00: Elastic
-1.40: Elastic
-2.00: Elastic
What defines the elasticity of the demand?To determine whether the demand is elastic, inelastic, or unit elastic, there is need to look at the absolute value of the slope of the point elasticity.
Price Qty Total Rev Slope Point Elast. Des.
$2.0 20 $40 -2.00 Elastic
$3.0 18 $54 -0.20 Inelastic
$4.0 16 $64 -0.33 Inelastic
$5.0 14 $70 -0.50 Inelastic
$6.0 12 $72 -0.71 Inelastic
$7.0 10 $70 -1.00 Elastic
$8.0 8 $64 -1.40 Elastic
$9.0 6 $54 -2.00 Elastic
Based on the given values, it is seen that when the absolute value of the slope of the point elasticity is less than 1, it indicates inelastic demand. When it is exactly 1, it represents unit elastic demand. And when it is greater than 1, it indicates elastic demand.
Therefore, the description for each value is as follows:
-2.00: Elastic
-0.20: Inelastic
-0.33: Inelastic
-0.50: Inelastic
-0.71: Inelastic
-1.00: Elastic
-1.40: Elastic
-2.00: Elastic
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According to the Enterprise case study In a compettive market, what does
enterprise do differently to attract
high-quality candidate.
Answers
The enterprises utilize different methods in a competitive market to tempt high-quality candidates. They use methods of production, advertising through different media, make use of career fairs, and numerous other ways.
Who are high-quality candidates?"High-quality candidates" exist described as individuals who exist well-qualified for the position and who will likely remain a part of the company for a longer duration to create appreciable contributions to its objectives.
The enterprises require to be diverse and innovative to be capable to attract high-quality candidates for their companies to fulfilling their vacuities. They utilize the opportunity to advertise through different forms of media.They look for providing presentations in different places and universities for choosing the candidates. they connect with various organizations and clubs for getting to the diverse candidates.Some companies link with candidates through job fairs and by organizing various kinds of talent and skill sessions. There exist lectures provided by top executives of the company and they exist available for responding to queries and mentoring the candidates.To learn more about High-quality candidates refer to:
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Which option identifies what can be inferred about Sophie's degree from the following scenario?
Sophie has graduated and obtained a job in the survey research field. She oversees a team of researchers who analyze the effectiveness of survey methodologies for a large market research
mirm.
O Sophie eamed a degree in survey methodology
O Sophie camed a professional researcher certification,
O Sophie eamed a bachelor's degree
O Sophie eamed an advanced degree
Answers
Answer:
O Sophie earned a degree in survey methodology
Explanation:
Sophie is a manager in the survey company. Her team is made up of researchers who analyze the effectiveness of survey methodologies. For Sophie to effectively manage a team of researchers, she needs to be good at research work. This suggests that Sophie must have graduated with a degree in survey methodology. The minimum requirement for a manager in many professions is a degree in the relevant field of study.
The answer is NOT:
Sophie earned a professional researcher certification.
At December 31, 2007 Polk Company had 300,000 shares of common stock and 10,000 shares of 5%, $100 par value cumulative preferred stock outstanding. No dividends were declared on either the preferred or common stock in 2007 or 2008. On January 30, 2008, Polk declared a 100% stock dividend on its common stock. Net income for 2008 was $950,000. In its 2008 financial statements, Polk's 2008 earnings per common share should be
Answers
Answer:
Polk Company
In its 2008 financial statements, Polk's 2008 earnings per common share should be:
= $1.42.
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
December 31, 2007
Common stock outstanding = 300,000 shares
5%,Cumulative preferred stock outstanding, $100 par value = 10,000 shares
January 30, 2008 Stock dividend on common stock = 100% = 300,000 shares
Common stock outstanding = 600,000 shares
Net income for 2008 = $950,000
Cumulative preferred stock dividends:
2007 = $50,000
2008 = 50,000
Total = $100,000
Earnings for common stockholders = $850,000
Earnings per common share = $1.42
XYZ Co is considering a major expansion program that has been proposed by the company’s information technology group. To decide whether the company will undertake this major expansion project, the company paid McLindsay Co., a large consulting company, a fee of $2 million to calculate the costs and benefits of the program, but they will refund half of that cost back to XYZ if the company does not move forward with the project. McLindsay reported that the expansion project will have an upfront cost of $20 million for assets, which are depreciated straight line to zero over the four-year horizon of the project. The company does not need to invest in net working capital (i.e., NWC = 0). McLindsay also expects that the program will generate an operating cash flow equal to $10 million the first year and will expand by 20% per year until the project is liquidated at the end of year four. The liquidation value from selling the equipment will be $4 million. You are an assistant to the CFO of the company and your first task is to advise XYZ whether the company should undertake the investment. The CFO has provided you with the following data, which he believes may be relevant to your task (all the market data are current). The firm’s tax rate is 20%. The market data on XYZ Co’s securities are:
Debt
oBond A: 42,750 bonds with a 5.4% coupon rate, with 20 years to maturity selling at par. oBond B: 55,000 bonds with a 4% coupon rate, with 15 years to maturity selling at par.
Assume that both bonds have a par value of $1,000 and they make semiannual payments.
Common stock
o 1,000,000 shares outstanding, selling for $95 per share; XYZ Co just paid a dividend of $4 per share and is expected to increase its future dividends at a constant rate of 5%. The firm’s beta is 1.8. Assume the risk-free rate is 2% and the market return is 8%.
Answer the following questions and show all the formulas and calculations (if using a financial calculator show all the entries).
a. What is XYZ Co’s cost of debt?
b. What is XYZ Co’s cost of equity using the CAPM?
c. What is XYZ Co’s cost of equity using the dividend growth model?
d. What is XYZ Co’s cost of capital? (for your cost of equity calculations, use the average of cost of equity you calculated in the last two parts).
e. Find the cash flows from assets (CFFA) of the project and then compute the NPV of the project. Accounting for all relevant expenses, should the firm undertake the expansion project?
f. Suppose instead that (1) Bond A and Bond B are priced below par and (2) the common stock is selling for $142.50 per share and the last dividend paid was $6. Would the firm’s WACC be higher, lower, or the same as what you found in part (d)? Explain.
Answers
a. To calculate the cost of debt, we need to find the yield to maturity (YTM) of each bond. We can calculate the YTM of Bond A as 5.4% and the YTM of Bond B as 4%. Therefore, the cost of debt for XYZ Co is the weighted average of the YTM of each bond, where the weights are the proportion of the total market value of debt that each bond represents. Assuming that all bonds are selling at par, the total market value of debt is $97,750,000. Thus, the weight of Bond A is 42,750/97,750 = 0.4376 and the weight of Bond B is 55,000/97,750 = 0.5624. Therefore, the cost of debt is:
Cost of Debt = 0.4376 × 5.4% + 0.5624 × 4% = 4.48%
b. Using the CAPM, we can calculate the cost of equity as:
Cost of Equity = Risk-Free Rate + Beta × (Market Return - Risk-Free Rate)
= 2% + 1.8 × (8% - 2%)
= 13.6%
c. Using the dividend growth model, we can calculate the cost of equity as:
Cost of Equity = (Dividend / Price) + Growth Rate
= ($4 / $95) + 5%
= 9.3%
d. To calculate the cost of capital, we need to find the weighted average of the cost of debt and the cost of equity, where the weights are the proportion of the total market value of debt and equity that each component represents. Assuming that the total market value of equity is $95,000,000, the weight of debt is 97,750,000/(95,000,000 + 97,750,000) = 0.5073 and the weight of equity is 1 - 0.5073 = 0.4927. Therefore, the cost of capital is:
Cost of Capital = 0.5073 × 4.48% + 0.4927 × 13.6% = 9.54%
e. To calculate the cash flows from assets (CFFA) of the project, we need to find the operating cash flows (OCF) and the net capital spending (NCS) for each year of the project. Using the given data, we can calculate the OCF for each year as:
Year 1: OCF = $10,000,000
Year 2: OCF = $12,000,000 (20% increase from year 1)
Year 3: OCF = $14,400,000 (20% increase from year 2)
Year 4: OCF = $17,280,000 (20% increase from year 3)
The net capital spending (NCS) for year 0 is the upfront cost of the project, which is $20,000,000. The NCS for year 4 is the liquidation value of the equipment, which is $4,000,000. The NCS for years 1 to 3 is zero since there is no net working capital requirement.
Calculating the CFFA for each year:
Year 0: CFFA = - $20,000,000
Year 1: CFFA = $10,000,000 - $0 - $20,000,000 = -$10,000,000
Year 2: CFFA = $12,000,000 - $0 = $12
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