If you want to produce 11 moles of NH3, how much H2 do you need?

Answer:

0.43 M

Explanation:

The equation that should be used in this case would be:
pOH = pKb + log([A+]/[Base])
pKb = -log (4.6*10^-4) = 3.34
pOH = 14-10.2 = 3.8
[Base] = 0.15
3.8 = 3.34 + log x/0.15
0.46=log x/0.15
10^(0.46) = x/.15
x = 10^(0.46)  * 0.15 = 0.43 M

Answer:

\(heat = mc \triangle \theta \\ = 70 \times 4.18 \times (87 - 21) \\ = 19311.6 \: joules\)

Answer:

3 Covalent Bonds and 1 Co ordinate Bond

Explanation:

4 bonds are in NH4¹+

NH4¹+ is the ammonium ion, which consists of a central nitrogen atom (N) and four hydrogen atoms (H). Nitrogen is located in group 15 of the periodic table and has 5 valence electrons. Hydrogen, on the other hand, has 1 valence electron.

To achieve a stable electron configuration, nitrogen needs to share electrons with the hydrogen atoms. Each hydrogen atom can form a single bond with the nitrogen atom by sharing its valence electron.

In NH4¹+, all four hydrogen atoms form single bonds with the central nitrogen atom. These bonds are represented by lines connecting each hydrogen atom to the nitrogen atom.

So, NH4¹+ has 4 bonds. Each bond represents a pair of electrons shared between the nitrogen atom and a hydrogen atom. The bonding arrangement ensures that the nitrogen atom has a complete octet (eight valence electrons) and each hydrogen atom has two electrons, following the stable configuration of helium.

The "+1" charge on NH4¹+ indicates that the ion has lost one electron, resulting in a positive charge. However, the number of bonds remains the same regardless of the charge.

Therefore, the correct answer is 4 for the number of bonds in NH4¹+.

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Explanation:

Density is defined as the mass per unit volume of an object.

Density = Mass

Volume

Hope this helps.

Answer:

{eq}Fe^{2+} {/eq} and {eq}I^- {/eq} forms {eq}FeI_2 {/eq}

{eq}Fe^{2+} {/eq} and {eq}S^{2-} {/eq} forms {eq}FeS {/eq}

{eq}Cr^{4+} {/eq} and...

Explanation:

Empirical formula:

The empirical formula gives the simple ratio of the different types of atoms in a compound. It is different from the molecular formula, which gives the exact number of each type of atom in a compound.

Answer:

7.5 kcal

Explanation:

1.0 cal /g-C   * 100 g * (100- 25 C) = 7500 cal = 7.5 kcal

The amount of heat energy necessary to raise the temperature of 100 g of water at room temperature (25°C) to the boiling point (100°C) is 7.5 kcal.

Given to us the mass of water, the specific heat of water, and the change in temperature, we need to calculate the amount of heat energy.

m = 100 g

c = 1.0 cal/g°C

ΔT = (100 °C - 25 °C) = 75 °C

To calculate the amount of heat energy required, we can use the formula:

Q = m × c× ΔT

Where:

Q = heat energy (in calories)

m = mass of water (in grams)

c = specific heat of water (in cal/g°C)

ΔT = change in temperature (in °C)

Substituting the values into the formula:

Q = 100 g × 1.0 cal/g°C × 75 °C

Q = 7500 cal

7500 cal = 7.5 kcal

Therefore, the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 100 g of water from 25 °C to 100 °C is 7500 calories, which is equivalent to 7.5 kcal.

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Answer:

985.2 moles of nitrogen can produce 1970.4 moles of ammonia.

Explanation:

The balanced chemical equation for the production of ammonia from nitrogen is:

N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3

From the balanced equation, we can see that 1 mole of nitrogen reacts with 3 moles of hydrogen to produce 2 moles of ammonia.

So, to determine how many moles of ammonia can be produced from 985.2 moles of nitrogen, we need to use the mole ratio from the balanced chemical equation as follows:

985.2 moles N2 x (2 moles NH3 / 1 mole N2) = 1970.4 moles NH3

Therefore, 985.2 moles of nitrogen can produce 1970.4 moles of ammonia.

The amount, in grams, of ethanol that was present at the beginning of the reaction, would be 430 grams.

Ethanol burns in oxygen according to the following equation:

\(C_2H_5OH + O_2 -- > CO_2 + H_2O\)

The balanced equation of the reaction will be:

\(C_2H_5OH + 3O_2 -- > 2CO_2 + 3H_2O\)

The mole ratio of ethanol to water is 1:3.

The molar weight of H = 1 g/mol.

The molar weight of O = 16 g/mol

Molar weight of C = 12

Molar mass of water, \(H_2O\) = (1 x 2) + 16 = 18 g/mol

Molar mass of ethanol, \(C_2H_5OH\) = (12x2) + (1x5) + 16 + 1 = 46 g/mol

If, mole = mass/molar mass; mole of 500.0 g water will be:

    500/18 = 27.778 moles

Then, the equivalent mole of ethanol that burned, from the stoichiometric mole ratio, would be:

     27.778/3 = 9.259 moles

If, mass = mole x molar mass,

Then, 9.259 moles ethanol = 9.259 x 46 = 425.914

Since the molar mass has the least significant figures (two significant figures), the final answer will also have two significant figures.

Thus, the amount of ethanol that was present at the beginning of the reaction is 430 grams.

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Answer:

The answer is D) 51.2%

Explanation:

5.12g of 10.00g of the substance is water:

percentage of water= 5.12 x 10.00 =51.2%

Answer:

b

Explanation:

Answer:

Kindly check the explanation section.

Explanation:

Chemical bonding is a very important concept in chemistry. It involves the bonding of atoms, molecules and/or compounds.

There are different ways in which molecules get attracted to each other. The bonding may be through induced dipole interaction, ionic bonding, hydrogen bonding,  Van-der wal interaction, or through covalent bonding.

For the second part of the question. The question asked to predict how ethanol would interact with the food dye molecules.

Ethanol bonds with food dye molecules through one of the chemical bonding known as the Hydrogen bond. Which is as a result of the bonding between hydrogen atoms and another atom which is much more electronegative than Hydrogen atoms.

Mescaline produces a wide range of psychoactive effects when ingested, including altered perception of reality, hallucinations, and euphoria. It is a powerful psychedelic drug that has been used for centuries by Native American tribes in spiritual ceremonies

Mescaline is a hallucinogenic alkaloid that is derived from the Peyote cactus. Mescaline is a complex organic molecule that can be synthesized in the laboratory from 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl bromide in two steps.The first step involves nucleophilic substitution using sodium cyanide, and the second step is a reduction using lithium aluminum hydride (LAH).Here's how mescaline can be synthesized from 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl bromide:Step 1: Nucleophilic substitution using sodium cyanideThe reaction of 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl bromide with sodium cyanide results in the formation of the nitrile derivative. NaCN serves as the nucleophile in this reaction, and it replaces the bromide ion.The mechanism for this reaction involves the following steps: A nucleophilic attack by the cyanide ion on the benzyl bromide. The carbon-bromine bond breaks, and the benzyl cation is formed. A second nucleophilic attack by the cyanide ion occurs on the benzyl cation, resulting in the formation of the nitrile derivative.Here's the reaction equation for this step:Step 2: Reduction using lithium aluminum hydrideThe next step is the reduction of the nitrile derivative using LAH. LAH serves as a strong reducing agent in this reaction and reduces the nitrile derivative to the amine. The mechanism for this reaction involves the following steps: A nucleophilic attack by LAH on the nitrile derivative. This results in the formation of an imine intermediate. The imine intermediate reacts with another LAH molecule, resulting in the formation of the amine.Here's the reaction equation for this step:Mescaline structure: Mescaline is a psychoactive compound that belongs to the phenethylamine class of alkaloids. The structure of mescaline is as follows: The molecule has three methoxy groups attached to the benzene ring, and it has an amine functional group. The molecule is a white crystalline powder that is soluble in water and alcohol.

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The right response is C, which refers to a substance's melting or boiling point at a particular pressure. A phase diagram is a visual depiction of a substance's physical condition under various pressures and temperatures.

The melting or boiling point of a material at a certain pressure is represented by a specific point on the line of a phase diagram. This is so because the temperature at which a material transforms from one phase to another is known as the melting point or boiling point of that substance.

For instance, a material transforms from a solid to a liquid state when its temperature exceeds its melting point. Similar to this, when a substance's temperature hits its boiling point, it transforms from liquid to gaseous.

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Answer:

Explanation:

Number of moles of Cl atoms in 1.20 1024 Formula units of magnesium chloride mgcl2

The number of moles of Cl is twice as much, because the ratio of Cl in MgCl2 to MgCl2 is 2:1. Therefore, there are 12 moles of Cl. There are 7.22×1024 atoms Cl in 3.61×1024 formula units of MgCl2

The number of grams in 4.26 × 10²⁴ formula units of MgCl₂ is equal to 673.06 grams.

Mass of any substance from moles will be calculated by using the below equation as:

n = W/M, where

W = given mass

M = molar mass

And relation between moles and atoms per moles is:

In 1 moles = 6.022 × 10²³ atoms are present

Given number of atoms of MgCl₂ = 4.26 × 10²⁴

Moles of MgCl₂ = 4.26 × 10²⁴atoms / 6.022 × 10²³ atoms/mol = 7.07 mol

Non we convert this moles of MgCl₂ into grams by using the above given formula as:

W = (7.07mol)(95.2g/mol) = 673.06 g

Hence required mass of MgCl₂ is 673.06g.

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The wavelength of the radiation emitted by the argon ion laser is \(4.854 * 10^-7 m\).

Wavelength is a property of any type of wave that refers to the distance between two adjacent points on the wave that is in phase, i.e., at the same point in their respective cycles. It is usually denoted by the Greek letter lambda (λ) and is measured in units of length, such as meters or nanometers.

The energy carried by the photon (E) is related to the wavelength (\(\lambda\)) through the following equation:

\(E=hc/\lambda\); where 'h' is the Plank's Constant and 'c' is the speed of light which is \(3* 10^{-7} m/s\).

We can say that

\(\lambda - hc/E\)

Now after substituting the given values, we get:

\(\lambda = (6.626 * 10^{-34} J.s * 3.00 * 10^8 m/s) / (4.071 * 10^{-19} J)\\\lambda = 4.854 * 10^-7 m\)

Therefore the wavelength of the radiation emitted by the argon ion laser is \(4.854 * 10^-7 m\).

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Two electrons are shared between each hydrogen atom and the carbon atom bonded to it, and four electrons are shared between the carbon atoms.

Its 2

Answer:

2 would be the amount to form a covalent bond

Answer: Boiling point, because it can be observed by altering the state of the substance

Explanation:

Physical property is defined as the property of a substance which becomes evident during physical change in which there is alteration in shape, size etc. No new substance gets formed during physical change. Example: Melting point

Chemical property is defined as the property of a substance which becomes evident during chemical change in which a change in chemical composition takes place. A new substance is formed in these reactions. Example: Reactivity with other substances

Thus Boiling point is a propertywhich can be examined without altering the composition, because it can be observed by altering the state of the substance

Answer: The oxidation state of chlorine (Cl) in ClO– is +1.

Explanation:

To determine the oxidation state of iodine (I) in IO3– and chlorine (Cl) in ClO–, we can use the oxidation state rules.

For IO3– (iodate ion):

The sum of the oxidation states for all atoms in a polyatomic ion equals the charge of the ion. In this case, the charge is -1.

Oxygen typically has an oxidation state of -2.

There are three oxygen atoms in the iodate ion.

Let x be the oxidation state of iodine (I). Then, we can write the equation:

x + 3(-2) = -1

x - 6 = -1

x = +5

The oxidation state of iodine (I) in IO3– is +5.

For ClO– (hypochlorite ion):

The sum of the oxidation states for all atoms in a polyatomic ion equals the charge of the ion. In this case, the charge is -1.

Oxygen typically has an oxidation state of -2.

Let y be the oxidation state of chlorine (Cl). Then, we can write the equation:

y + (-2) = -1

y - 2 = -1

y = +1

The oxidation state of chlorine (Cl) in ClO– is +1.

The red line in the diagram below represent

In the given diagram, the red line represents the activation energy. Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy required for a chemical reaction to occur. It represents the energy barrier that must be overcome for the reactants to form products.

The reactants start with a certain amount of potential energy, and the activation energy represents the additional energy needed to reach the transition state where the reaction can proceed.

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The word "symptom" refers to a specific manifestation or indication of a condition, disease, or disorder that is experienced or observed by an individual.

Symptoms are subjective or objective changes in the body's normal functioning that may be recognized as abnormal, uncomfortable, or problematic. Symptoms can manifest in various ways depending on the nature of the underlying condition. They can be physical, such as pain, rash, cough, fever, or fatigue, indicating an illness or injury affecting the body. Symptoms can also be psychological, such as anxiety, depression, or confusion, reflecting disturbances in mental health.

Symptoms serve as important clues for medical professionals to identify and diagnose diseases or disorders. They provide valuable information about the nature, severity, and progression of an illness, helping healthcare providers formulate appropriate treatment plans. Additionally, symptoms may also be important for individuals to self-assess their own health status and seek appropriate medical attention.

It is essential to note that symptoms alone may not provide a definitive diagnosis, as they can overlap across different conditions. Further evaluation, including medical tests and examinations, is often necessary to confirm a diagnosis and determine the appropriate course of action.

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Metals are the only substances that can interact with silver (Ag) atoms to form metallic bonds. Ag and Cu are the proper responses as a result.

Electrostatic attraction between metal cations and delocalized electrons produces metallic bonds. Many of the physical characteristics of metals, like conductivity and malleability, are explained by the type of metallic bonding that exists.

The only substances with metallic connections between their atoms are metals. While certain elements, such as iron, aluminum, gold, silver, and nickel are frequently referred to as metals, metals also include a range of additional elements.

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MnO4- + 4e- → MnO2 + 2H2O Now the half-equation is balanced in alkaline medium.

To balance the half-equation MnO4- → MnO2 in alkaline medium, we need to follow the steps for balancing redox reactions in basic solution. The goal is to balance the number of atoms and charges on both sides of the equation.

Start by balancing the atoms other than oxygen and hydrogen. In this case, we only have manganese (Mn) atoms. There is one Mn atom on both sides, so the Mn atoms are already balanced.

Balance the oxygen atoms by adding water (H2O) molecules to the side that lacks oxygen. Since there are four oxygen atoms on the left side (MnO4-) and only two on the right side (MnO2), we need to add two water molecules to the right side:

MnO4- → MnO2 + 2H2O

Next, balance the hydrogen atoms by adding hydrogen ions (H+) to the side that lacks hydrogen. In this case, the left side (MnO4-) already has sufficient hydrogen atoms, so no hydrogen ions need to be added.

Balance the charges by adding electrons (e-) to the side that has a higher charge. MnO4- has a charge of -1, while MnO2 has no charge. Since the left side has a higher charge, we need to add electrons to the right side:

MnO4- + 4e- → MnO2 + 2H2O

Now the half-equation is balanced in alkaline medium. The Mn atoms, oxygen atoms, hydrogen atoms, and charges are all balanced. The addition of water and hydrogen ions helps balance the oxygen and hydrogen atoms, while the addition of electrons balances the charges.

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Answer:

it's non-spontaneous

Explanation:

I hope it helps you

Answer:

Air temperature is not accurate but it can measure by how hot or cold the air is

Step 1

It is known that pH and pOH are calculated as follows:

----------------

Step 2

Information provided:

[OH−] = 1.6×10^−2 M (concentration of OH-)

NaOH is a strong base:

NaOH => Na+ + OH-

---------------

Step 3

Procedure:

Firstly, pOH is calculated because it is provided a base:

From (2),

pOH = - log (1.6x10^-2 M) = 1.8

---

Secondly, pH is calculated from (3) as follows:

pH = 14 - pOH = 14 - 1.8 = 12.2

---

Thirdly, [H3O+] is calculated from (1) as follows:

pH = - log [H3O+] => [H3O+] = 10^(-pH) = 10^-12.2 = 6.3x10^-13 M

[H3O+] is calculated from the pH equation as:

Answer: [H3O+] = 6.3x10^-13 M

The number of moles per mm³=2.032 x 10⁻⁹

In general, the gas equation can be written  

\(\large {\boxed {\bold {PV = nRT}}}\)

where  

P = pressure, atm , N/m²

V = volume, liter  

n = number of moles  

R = gas constant = 0.082 l.atm / mol K (P= atm, v= liter),or 8.314 J/mol K (P=Pa or N/m2, v= m³)

T = temperature, Kelvin  

P=1.3 kPa=1.3.10³ N/m²

T = 77 K

R = 8.31 J/mol.K

\(\tt PV=nRT\\\\\dfrac{n}{V}=\dfrac{P}{RT}\\\\\dfrac{mol}{m^3}=\dfrac{1.3\times 10^3}{8.31\times 77}\\\\\dfrac{mol}{m^3}=2.032\\\\2.032\dfrac{mol}{m^3}\times \dfrac{m^3}{10^9cm^3}=2.032\times 10^{-9}\dfrac{mol}{cm^3}\)

From the solution that we have in the question;

The equilibrium constant, denoted as K, is a value that quantitatively represents the ratio of the concentrations of products to reactants at equilibrium in a chemical reaction.

It is a fundamental concept in chemical equilibrium.

The value of the equilibrium constant provides valuable information about the position of equilibrium and the relative concentrations of species involved in a chemical reaction.

Kc = [X] [Y]/[XY]

\(0.25 = (0.1 + x)^2/(0.5 - x)\)

\(0.25(0.5 - x) = (0.1 + x)^2\)

\(0.125 - 0.25x =0.01 + 0.2x + x^2\\ x^2 + 0.45x - 0.115 = 0\)

x = 0.18 M

The equilibrium amount of X and Y=  0.28 M and the equilibrium concentration of XY = 0.32 M

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Based on the answer to the question that we have;

The ratio of the product to reactant concentrations in a chemical reaction at equilibrium is represented quantitatively by the equilibrium constant, abbreviated as K.

It is a cornerstone of the theory of chemical equilibrium.

A chemical reaction's equilibrium position and the relative concentrations of the species involved can both be learned from the equilibrium constant's value.

Kc = [X][Y]/[XY]

\(0.25 = (0.1 + x)^2/(0.5 - x)\\0.25(0.5 - x) = (0.1 +x)^2\\0.125 - 0.25x = 0.01 +0.2x +x^2\\= 0.18 M\)

The equilibrium concentration of;

XY =0.5 - 0.18

=0.32 M

Then the equilibrium amount of

X and Y is

0.1 + 0.18= 0.28 M.

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pH = 8.23

Reaction

HNO₂+KOH⇒KNO₂+H₂O

mol HNO₂ = 50 x 0.2 = 10 mlmol

mol KOH = 0.4 x 25 = 10 ml mol

Both of them completely react, resulting in hydrolysis salt which is composed of weak acids and strong bases

Formula :

\(\tt [OH^-]=\sqrt{\dfrac{Kw}{Ka}.M }\)

Kw = water constant = 10⁻¹⁴

Ka = 4.6 x 10⁻⁴

M = anion (salt) concentration =

\(\tt \dfrac{mol~KNO_2}{total~volume}=\dfrac{10}{50+25}=0.133~M\)

\(\tt [OH^-]=\sqrt{\dfrac{10^{14}}{4.6\times 10^{-4}} }\times 0.133\\\\(OH^-)=1.7\times 10^{-6}\\\\pOH=6-log~1.7=5.77\\\\pH+pOH=14\\\\pH+5.77=14\\\\pH=8.23\)

Answer:

0.58 atm

Explanation:

Step 1: Given data

Step 2: Calculate the partial pressure of CO₂

The total pressure of the gaseous mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases.

P = pN₂ + pO₂ + pCO₂

pCO₂ = P - pN₂ - pO₂

pCO₂ = 1.05 atm - 0.35 atm - 0.12 atm = 0.58 atm