How does being small help cells survive?

Answer:

b

Explanation:

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Answer:

The ten-percent rule toward energy transfer among levels of a trophic system is one that has been used to study ecosystems’ energy dynamics for a long time.

Explanation:

Food chains describe the transfer of energy from its source in plants, through herbivores, up to carnivores and onto higher order predators (Sinclair et al. 2003). These different “levels” are known as trophic levels, which is properly defined as the position within the food chain or energy pyramid that an organism can be found. But how much energy is passed along through each level? This is where the ten-percent rule comes in.

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Answer:

Carbon dioxide, excess water produced during respiration and nitrogenous compounds produced during protein metabolism are the major excretory products in plants. Plants produce two gaseous waste products i.e. oxygen during photosynthesis and carbon dioxide during respiration.

Answer:

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To create atp, anaerobic pathways need oxygen. There is a higher output of atp is untrue since these pathways were slower but more effective at producing atp than that of the anaerobic processes.

The pathway will go on to the Electron transport chain and adenosine triphosphate if oxygen is available. However, certain species may engage in fermentation to continuously manufacture ATP in the absence of oxygen. Summary. Compared to anaerobic respiration, aerobic respiration is significantly more energy-efficient. Close to 38 ATP can be produced aerobically for every glucose. Only 2 ATP are produced per glucose by anaerobic reactions. Anaerobic glycolysis utilises the energy present in glucose for the production of ATP without the need for oxygen. This process, which takes place in the cytoplasm, converts glucose into pyruvate, a less complex substance. Three distinct metabolic processes make up cellular respiration: glycolysis, citric acid oxidation,.

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Answer:

genus:  Geospiza

species:  conirostris

Explanation:

To find the time it takes for the truck to cover 2200 km at a speed of 80 km/hr, we can use the formula:

time = distance/speed

Substituting the given values, we get:

time = 2200 km / 80 km/hr

Simplifying the expression, we get:

time = 27.5 hours

Therefore, the trip lasts 27.5 hours.

This indicates how quickly or slowly an object moves. It discusses the distance traveled divided by the time needed to cover it. Time = Distance/Speed, as the speed builds the time taken will diminish as well as the other way around.

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Answer:

Survival depends on the body's maintaining or restoring homeostasis, a state of relative constancy, of its internal environment. ... He noted that body cells survived in a healthy condition only when the temperature, pressure, and chemical composition of their environment remained relatively constant.

Explanation:

Answer:

The size of finch's beak depends on the size of seeds.

Explanation:

The average size of finch beaks also changes because the size of finch beak changes according to the size of seed available. If the environment contains large sized seeds so the population of finch having small beak size increases due to food availability while on the other hand, if the region contains large sized seeds so the population of finch having big beak size increases so according to the size of seeds, the size of finch's beak also changes.

Answer:

Each protein is coded for by a specific section of DNA called a gene. During the process of transcription, the information stored in a gene's DNA(deoxyribonecleic acid) is transferred to a similar molecule called RNA (ribonucleic acid) in the cell nucleus.

Explanation:

Together, transcription and translation are known as gene expression.

Organism X has offspring that are not genetically diverse.

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Answer:B

Explanation:

The cells with a flattened shape, such as epithelial cells, can increase their surface area while minimizing volume increase for the side that does exchanging.

Epithelial cells are cells that form a layer or lining on the surface of an organ or tissue. They often have a flattened shape with a large surface area relative to their volume. This shape allows them to maximize their surface area, which is important for their role in exchanging molecules with their environment.

One example of such cells is alveolar cells in the lungs, which have a flattened shape and are responsible for gas exchange. Their shape allows for a large surface area for gas exchange with minimal volume increase, which is important in maintaining efficient oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange in the lungs.

Overall, cells with a flattened shape have a high surface-to-volume ratio, which enables them to efficiently carry out their functions that require exchange of molecules with their environment.

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The answer is A) tundra.

Test specimens often require immediate cooling in ice and water slurry to d. slow down metabolic processes.

Cooling the specimen in an ice and water slurry helps preserve the integrity of the sample by reducing the rate of chemical reactions and preventing the breakdown of certain substances. This is crucial for accurate laboratory analysis, as it minimizes the chances of obtaining false results due to altered sample composition.

It is important to note that the other options mentioned may also apply in specific cases. For example, cooling a specimen may prevent activation of cold agglutinins (option a) in blood samples being tested for autoimmune conditions. Additionally, it can help in preventing the specimen from clotting (option b), especially when dealing with certain coagulation tests.

However, the primary purpose of cooling the specimen in an ice and water slurry is to slow down the metabolic processes, ensuring the sample's stability and providing more reliable results during laboratory analysis.

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The correct answer is b. Prevent the specimen from clotting. Cooling the test specimens in ice and water slurry can help prevent the activation of clotting factors and the formation of clots, which can interfere with accurate test results.

This is particularly important for tests that require whole blood specimens, such as coagulation tests and blood gas analysis. Cooling the specimens can also help slow down metabolic processes and preserve the integrity of certain analytes, but preventing clotting is the primary reason for immediate cooling. Cold agglutinins, which are antibodies that can cause clumping of red blood cells at low temperatures, are typically not a concern in most laboratory tests. Separating serum more completely is usually accomplished by centrifugation rather than cooling.

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Answer: There is no single ultimate authority on ethical issues, and different individuals and groups may have different approaches and sources of guidance for resolving them. The resolution may depend on the context, values, and beliefs of those involved.

Explanation:
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In addition to better access to wind for pollination, a larger sporophyte generation in conifers provides another advantage: the production of a higher quantity of seeds.

With a larger tree size, conifers can support more cones, and each cone contains numerous ovules that can potentially develop into seeds. The increased number of seeds enhances the reproductive capacity and survival of conifers by increasing the chances of successful seed dispersal and germination.

It allows for a greater genetic diversity and wider distribution of offspring, increasing the species' ability to colonize new areas and adapt to varying environmental conditions.

Therefore, the larger sporophyte generation in conifers not only facilitates wind pollination but also maximizes the reproductive output and evolutionary success of these tree species.

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Answer:

bacteria do not have a distinct nucleus that separates DNA from ribosomes

Explanation:

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The amount of oxygen absorbed by the cells is different in an athlete who is blood doping compared to a normal athlete because this last has less oxygen in the blood to carry out the process of cellular respiration.

Oxygen is fundamental to getting energy in an athlete because it is a reactant of the process of cellular respiration, thereby it is required to generate ATP, the energy coin of the aerobic cells, and thus produce muscle contraction during physical exercise.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that oxygen is fundamental to getting energy in an athlete and blood doping may increase the level of oxygen intake, thereby leading to a higher production of energy by the same unit of time and thus leading to higher (and illicit) performance.

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(a) The probability of a randomly chosen person having hemophilia is 0.000105.

(b) The probability that a given person with hemophilia is male is approximately 1.9.

(a) Probability that a randomly chosen person has hemophilia:

Haemophilia can affect both males and females, but we need to find the probability for both. Hence,

the probability of having hemophilia = probability that a randomly chosen person is male × probability that a male has hemophilia + probability that a randomly chosen person is female × probability that a female has hemophilia

Probability of having hemophilia in males = 2/10,000 = 0.0002

Probability of having hemophilia in females = 1/100,000 = 0.00001

Probability of a randomly chosen person is male = 0.5

Probability of a randomly chosen person is female = 0.5

Probability of having hemophilia = 0.5 × 0.0002 + 0.5 × 0.00001 = 0.000105

(b) Probability that a given person with haemophilia is a man:

From (a), we know that the probability of having hemophilia is 0.000105. Therefore, the probability that a given person with hemophilia is male is:

probability that a given person with haemophilia is a man = probability that a male has hemophilia/ probability of having hemophilia = 0.0002/0.000105 = 1.9048≈1.9 (approximately).

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Phagocytosis. Big endocytic vesicles termed phagosomes are used in phagocytosis, a specific type of endocytosis, to consume large particles like dead cells and bacteria.

Phagocytosis is the process by which a cell takes in big particles, including cells or other relatively large particles. For instance, a type of white blood cell known as a neutrophil will eliminate the intruders through this mechanism, encircling and engulfing the microbe, which is subsequently destroyed by the neutrophils.

A piece of the plasma membrane's inward-facing surface becomes coated with the protein clathrin in preparation for phagocytosis, which stabilises this area of the membrane. Afterward, the membrane's coated section protrudes from the cell's interior.

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Answer:

when the Moon has moved in its orbit so that Earth is “between” the Moon and the Sun.

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation:

The correct answers are ice formed thousands of years ago and tree rings.

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Scientists study ice formed thousands of years ago and tree rings to determine the air temperature at the time they were formed.

Answer: Tree rings

ice formed thousands of years ago

Explanation:

The acquisition of methicillin-resistance genes by bacteria from the external environment is an illustration of horizontal gene transfer.

Horizontal gene transfer refers to the transfer of genetic material between organisms that are not parent and offspring. It plays a significant role in the spread of antibiotic resistance genes among bacteria.

Methicillin resistance genes can be acquired through horizontal gene transfer, where bacteria pick up these genes directly from the environment. This process enables bacteria to become resistant to methicillin, an antibiotic commonly used to treat bacterial infections.

The acquisition of resistance genes from the environment contributes to the rapid spread of antibiotic resistance, making it more challenging to treat bacterial infections effectively. Understanding the mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer and the factors that promote it is crucial for developing strategies to combat antibiotic resistance.

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The volume of air that enters the lungs during forced maximal inspiration is the Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV). During forced maximal inspiration, the volume of air that can be breathed in after a normal inhalation, or tidal volume, is approximately 2.5 to 3.5 liters.

This volume of air is a vital capacity and is about 60% of the total lung capacity. This capacity is increased when the inspiratory muscles work against resistance. The Inspiratory Reserve Volume is the additional amount of air that can be breathed in after the tidal volume has been inhaled. It is the amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal inhalation, and it is typically between 2 and 3 liters. The amount of air inhaled can be increased with forceful breathing, which is when the inspiratory muscles work against resistance. This volume is essential for activities that require increased oxygen, such as exercise or physical activity, and can help individuals breathe more efficiently. A person's inspiratory reserve volume can be influenced by a variety of factors, including age, health status, and lifestyle choices. People who smoke or have lung disease may have a reduced inspiratory reserve volume, which can lead to difficulties in breathing during physical activity. It is critical to have an understanding of your inspiratory reserve volume and to take care of your respiratory health to maintain your lung function.

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Answer:

C. Matter is stored in a trophic level, transferred to another trophic level, or released as waste

Explanation:

Matter is stored in a trophic level, transferred to another trophic level, or released as waste. A trophic level is a level of an ecosystem that consists of organisms that share the same function in the food chain and the same nutritional relationship to the primary sources of energy. For example, producers, such as plants and algae, are the first trophic level; primary consumers, such as herbivores, are the second trophic level; secondary consumers, such as carnivores, are the third trophic level; and so on. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space, such as atoms and molecules. Matter cycles through an ecosystem in various forms, such as carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and water. Matter is not created or destroyed in an ecosystem, but it can change forms and locations. Matter can be stored in the bodies of organisms or in abiotic components of the ecosystem, such as soil, water, or air. Matter can be transferred from one trophic level to another when one organism consumes another organism or when one organism decomposes another organism. Matter can also be released as waste when organisms excrete or respire. Therefore, matter is constantly moving and transforming in an ecosystem, but it is conserved in terms of mass and energy.

A cross between a homozygous purple flower (PP) and homozygous white flower (pp) would produce only purple flowers in the offspring, if purple flowers (P) are dominant to white flowers (p) in pea plant.

A single pea plant gene that determines bloom color is involved in this hybrid. The expression of the p allele will be masked by the presence of the P allele, which is dominant over the p allele, which is responsible for the white hue.

The answer to the question was that a cross between a purple-flowered plant and a white-flowered plant resulted in children with only purple flowers. This suggests that both parents had the same alleles for the flower color gene, making them homozygous for the two features.

While the white plant has genotype pp and the purple plant has  dominant genotype PP, F1 offspring will have genotype Pp. All  of the progeny from this cross were heterozygous, or carried both the purple and white genes.

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