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The hydrogen-rich fuel cell offers advantages in terms of efficiency, environmental impact, operating time, refueling speed, weight, size, and lifespan when compared to conventional electrochemical cells like the lead-acid battery.

The hydrogen-rich fuel cell offers several advantages over conventional electrochemical cells like the lead-acid battery. Here are some of the key advantages:

1. Higher Efficiency: Hydrogen fuel cells have higher energy conversion efficiencies compared to lead-acid batteries. Fuel cells can convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy with minimal loss, while lead-acid batteries have inherent energy losses due to factors such as internal resistance and heat dissipation.

2. Clean and Environmentally Friendly: Hydrogen fuel cells produce electricity through the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, with water being the only byproduct. They do not produce harmful emissions or contribute to air pollution, making them a cleaner and more sustainable power source compared to lead-acid batteries, which require the use of chemicals like sulfuric acid.

3. Longer Operating Time: Fuel cells have longer operating times compared to lead-acid batteries. Lead-acid batteries have a limited capacity and need to be recharged frequently, while fuel cells can continuously generate electricity as long as there is a supply of hydrogen.

4. Faster Refueling: Refueling a fuel cell is faster compared to recharging a lead-acid battery. Fuel cells can be refueled by replenishing the hydrogen supply, which can be done relatively quickly. In contrast, lead-acid batteries require a longer time to recharge, typically hours, depending on the battery's capacity and charging rate.

5. Lighter Weight and Compact Size: Hydrogen fuel cells have a higher energy density compared to lead-acid batteries, meaning they can store more energy in a smaller and lighter package. This makes fuel cells more suitable for applications where weight and space are critical, such as in portable devices or electric vehicles.

6. Longer Lifespan: Fuel cells generally have a longer lifespan compared to lead-acid batteries. Lead-acid batteries can experience degradation over time due to factors like sulfation, which can reduce their overall capacity and lifespan. Fuel cells, on the other hand, can provide consistent performance over an extended period with proper maintenance.

These advantages make fuel cells a promising technology for various applications, including transportation, stationary power generation, and portable electronics.

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Answer:

joib

Explanation:

The conditions of a reactant at equilibrium are typically described using the terms concentration, pressure, and temperature. These factors play a crucial role in determining the state of a system at equilibrium.

Concentration: The concentration of the reactants and products in a chemical equilibrium system describes the amount of each substance present. It is usually expressed in terms of molarity (moles per liter). The equilibrium constant, denoted as K, is used to quantitatively express the relationship between the concentrations of reactants and products at equilibrium.

Pressure: Pressure is relevant when dealing with gaseous reactants and products. In the case of a gaseous equilibrium, the partial pressure of each gas is used to describe the conditions. The equilibrium constant can also be expressed in terms of partial pressures, known as Kp.

Temperature: Temperature plays a significant role in determining the position and stability of an equilibrium. It influences the value of the equilibrium constant and affects the rates of the forward and reverse reactions. The Le Chatelier's principle states that an increase in temperature favors an endothermic reaction, while a decrease in temperature favors an exothermic reaction.

Together, these three factors describe the conditions of a reactant at equilibrium. The equilibrium state occurs when the rates of the forward and reverse reactions become equal, resulting in a dynamic balance. By manipulating the concentrations, pressures, or temperatures, one can influence the position of equilibrium and shift it towards the desired direction.

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Answer:

The three pKa values for phosphoric acid (H3PO4) are 2.12, 7.21, and 12.32.

Answer: We must first compute the quantity of H2O that can result from the reaction of AL(CH)3 and H2SO4 in order to determine the mass of H2O produced.

Explanation:

Let's begin by formulating the reaction's balanced chemical equation:

Al2(SO4)3 + 6 H2O + 2 CH4 = 2 AL(CH)3 + 3 H2SO4

According to the equation, 2 moles of AL(CH)3 and 3 moles of H2SO4 combine to form 6 moles of H2O.

1.75 g of AL(CH)3 is equal to: 1.75 g / 78.0 g/mol = 0.0224 mol of AL(CH)3 as 1 mole of AL(CH)3 has a molar mass of roughly 78.0 g/mol.

2.00 g of H2SO4 is equal to: 2.00 g / 98.1 g/mol = 0.0204 mol of H2SO4 as 1 mole of H2SO4 has a molar mass of roughly 98.1 g/mol.

In order to calculate the amount of H2O produced, we must now identify the limiting reagent.

We contrast the moles of AL(CH)3 and H2SO4 in use. AL(CH)3 and H2SO4 have a stoichiometric ratio of 2 to 3. As a result, 3 moles of H2SO4 are required for every 2 moles of AL(CH).

The equation states that 2 moles of AL(CH)3 will yield 6 moles of water. Therefore, we can calculate the moles of H2O created for 0.0224 mol of AL(CH)3 as follows: 0.0224 mol AL(CH)3 (6 mol H2O / 2 mol AL(CH)3) = 0.0672 mol H2O

Finally, we may use the molar mass of H2O to convert its moles to grams. H2O has a molar mass of about 18.0 g/mol:

18.0 g/mol x 0.0672 mol H2O = 1.21 g H2O

As a result, the mass of H2O generated is roughly 1.21 grams if H2SO4 is the limiting reagent.

9.41 atm is the pressure in atmospheres of the gas remaining in the flask

The equation NH3(g) + HCl(g) ==> NH4Cl(s) is balanced.

Divide the moles of each reactant by its coefficient in the balanced equation, and the limiting reagent is identified as the one whose value is less. With the issue we now have...

6.44 g NH3 times 1 mol NH3/17 g equals 0.3688 moles of NH3 ( 1 = 0.3688)

HCl: 6.44 g of HCl times one mole of HCl every 36.5 g equals 0.1764 moles ( 1 = 0.1764). CONTROLLING REAGENT

NH4Cl will this reaction produce in grams

0.1764 moles of HCl multiplied by one mole of NH4Cl per mole of HCl results in 9.44 g of NH4Cl (3 sig. figs.)

the gas pressure, measured in atmospheres, that is still in the flask

NH3(g) plus HCl(g) results in NH4Cl (s)

0.3688......0.1764............0..........

Initial

-0.1764....-0.1764........+0.1764...Change

Equilibrium: 0.1924.......0...............+0.1924

There are 0.1924 moles of NH3 and no other gases in the flask. This is at a temperature of 25 °C (+273 = 298 °K) in a volume of 0.5 L. After that, we may determine the pressure by using the ideal gas law (P).

PV = nRT

P = nRT/V = 0.1924 mol, 0.0821 latm/mol, and 298 Kmol / 0.5 L

P = 9.41 atm

9.41 atm is the pressure in atmospheres of the gas remaining in the flask

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The balanced chemical equation for the decomposition of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is:

\(2C_{9}H_{8}O_{4} (aspirin) → 2C_{7}H_{6}O_{3} (salicylic acid) + 2CO_{2} (Carbon dioxide) + H_{2}O (water)\)

In this reaction, the aspirin molecule breaks down into salicylic acid, carbon dioxide, and water. The reaction is typically catalyzed by heat or exposure to acidic or basic conditions.

Aspirin, or acetylsalicylic acid, contains ester functional groups that can undergo hydrolysis. Under suitable conditions, the ester bond in aspirin is cleaved, leading to the formation of salicylic acid, which is the primary decomposition product. Additionally, carbon dioxide and water are released as byproducts of the reaction.

The balanced equation shows that for every two molecules of aspirin, two molecules of salicylic acid, two molecules of carbon dioxide, and one molecule of water are formed. Understanding the decomposition of aspirin is important in pharmaceutical and chemical industries to ensure the stability and shelf-life of the compound, as well as to study its breakdown products and potential side reactions.

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Answer:

the  new pressure of Oz is 0.5 atm

Explanation:

The computation of the new pressure of Oz is shown below:

Given that

Original pressure of O2 (P1) = 1 atm

And, the Original volume of oxygen O2 (V1) = 75L

Now

New pressure of O2 (P2) = ?

And, the New volume of O2 (V2) = 2V1  i.e

= (2 × 75L)

= 150L

Here we applied the Boyle's law formula  

P1V1 = P2V2

1 atm × 75L = P2 × 150L

75 atm × L = 150L ×P2

Now Divide both sides by 150L to get P2

75 atm × L ÷ 150L = 150L × P2 ÷ 150L

0.5 atm = P2

Hence, the  new pressure of Oz is 0.5 atm

Answer:

2Cu + S ~~~> Cu2S Copper (C) reacts with sulfur (S) to form copper sulfide as shown in the equation. A scientist adds 12.7 grams of Cu to 3.2 grams of S to start the reaction.

Explanation:

They has been an occurrence of rainstorms in galetown.

This is simply when a downpour lasts for any length of time, it usually consists of short bursts of heavy rain interspersed with sporadic periods of lighter rain.

As the temperature rises, more ocean water evaporation occurs, releasing energy as well as water vapor into the atmosphere. The additional water vapor causes more rain and snow to fall. Intense downpours are likely to occur in areas that frequently rain. However, dry places are probably going to get even drier.

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Answer:

Answer:

\(v=6.7\times 10^9\ mi/hr\)

Explanation:

Given that,

The speed of light is 3×10⁸ m/s

We need to convert it into mi/hr.

Since, 1 mile = 1610 m

1 hour = 3600 s

So,

\(v=3\times 10^8\ \dfrac{m}{s}\\\\=3\times 10^8\ \dfrac{\dfrac{1}{1610}\ \text{miles}}{\dfrac{1}{3600}\ s}\\\\=6.7\times 10^9\ mi/hr\)

So, the required speed of light is \(6.7\times 10^9\ mi/hr\).

Answer:

T-cells are made to identify antigens, while inflammation fights anything in the affected area.

Explanation:

virus antigen on an infected cell fits into the Killer T-cell receptor

T-cell releases perforin and cytotoxins.

Perforin first makes a hole infected cell membrane

Cytotoxins go inside the cell through this hole, destroying it and any viruses inside

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Answer:

6.36 m³

Explanation:

Using the general gas law

P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂

Given that P₁ = 1.0 atm, V₁ = 0.8 m³ and T₁ = 20 °C = 273 + 20 = 293 K and P₂ = 0.10 atm, V₂ = unknown and T₂ = -40 °C = 273 + (-40) = 273 - 40 = 233 K

So, V₂ = P₁V₁T₂/P₂T₁

Substituting the values of the variables into the equation, we have

V₂ = 1.0 atm × 0.8 m³ × 233 K/0.10 atm × 293 K

V₂ = 186.4 atm-K-m³/29.3 atm-K

V₂ = 6.36 m³

So, the new volume of the balloon is 6.36 m³.

PPE should be worn in the presence of chemical hazards to protect the individual from potential harm. Its usage should be dictated by the presence of the hazard, not by memory or peer action.

You should wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to protect yourself from chemical hazards whenever chemical hazards are present (Option B). PPE is designed to protect you from harmful exposure and injuries. The use of PPE must be based on the hazard presented, not simply when remembered or when others are using it. Hence, whenever you are dealing with chemical hazards, it's crucial to wear the appropriate PPE, which could include items such as gloves, eye protection, protective clothing, and respirators.

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Answer:

2.67 M

Explanation:

Molarity, which is the molar concentration of a substance, can be calculated using the formula;

M = n/V

Where;

M = molarity (M)

n = number of moles (mol)

V = volume (Litres)

Based on the provided information in this question, mass of lithium sulfate (Li2SO4) = 734g, volume = 2.5L

Using mole = mass/molar mass

Molar mass of Li2SO4 = 7(2) + 32 + 16(4)

= 14 + 32 + 64

= 110g/mol

Mole = 734/110

Mole (n) = 6.67moles

Molarity = n/V

Molarity = 6.67/2.5

Molarity = 2.668

Molarity of Li2SO4 in the solution is 2.67 M

Answer:

The molarity of the solution is 2.672\(\frac{moles}{liter}\)

Explanation:

Molarity (M) is a way of expressing the concentration of solutions. It is defined as the number of moles of solute per volume of solution. The Molarity of a solution is determined by the following expression:

\(Molarity=\frac{number of moles}{volume}\)

Molarity is expressed in units \(\frac{moles}{liter}\).

Being the molar mass of Li₂SO₄ 109.94 g/mol, then you can apply the following rule of three: if 109.94 grams are present in 1 mole, 734 grams will be present in how many moles?

\(amount of moles=\frac{734 grams*1 mole}{109.94 grams}\)

amount of moles= 6.68 moles

Then:

Replacing in the definition of molarity:

\(Molarity=\frac{6.68 moles}{2.5 L}\)

and solving you get:

Molarity= 2.672\(\frac{moles}{liter}\)

The molarity of the solution is 2.672\(\frac{moles}{liter}\)

Answer:

They have the same number of valence electrons (5) so the body assumes they are the same element.

Answer: The gas generated by two antacid tablets has a smaller volume.

Explanation:

Since the antiacid is the limiting reagent, we know that the more tablets there are, the more gas there will be.

This means that there will be more gas generated by the four antiacid tablets when compared to the two antiacid tablets, which gives us that the gas generated by the two antiacid tablets has a smaller volume.

Answer:

Explanation:

Salt water intrusion can cause the fresh water in wells to become contaminated with saltwater.

There are two types of chemical compound one is covalent compound and other is ionic compound, covalent compound formed by sharing of electron and ionic compound formed by complete transfer of electron. Therefore, salt water intrusion can cause the fresh water in wells to become contaminated with salt water.

Chemical Compound is a combination of molecule, Molecule forms by combination of element and element forms by combination of atoms in fixed proportion.

An ionic compound is a metal and nonmetal combined compound. Ionic compound are very hard. They have high melting and boiling point because of strong ion bond.

The compound that is ionic in nature can be dissociated very easily in water. Since ionic compounds are polar in nature, they readily dissolve in water. Salt water intrusion can cause the fresh water in wells to become contaminated with salt water.

Therefore, salt water intrusion can cause the fresh water in wells to become contaminated with salt water.

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The equilibrium concentration of I2 is 3.6 × 1\(0^{-4}\) M.

Equilibrium is a state of balance in a reaction. This means that the left hand side of the reaction is equal to the right hand side of the reaction. In short it means that the reactants are equal to the products formed. The input is equal to the output hence a state of equilibrium.

The equilibrium constant for the reaction H2(g) + I2(g) ⇌ 2HI(g) is given by:

Kc = ([HI]²)/([H2][I2])

We are given that Kc = 62.5 at 800 K, [HI] = 0.15 M, and [H2] = 0.10 M. We need to find the equilibrium concentration of I2.

Plugging in the given values into the equation for Kc, we get:

62.5 = (0.15²)/(0.10[I2])

Solving for [I2], we get:

[I2] = (0.15²)/(62.5 × 0.10)

[I2] = 0.00225/6.25

[I2] = 3.6 × 1\(0^{-4}\) M

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Answer:

97.95 g/mol

Explanation:

Step 1: Define molar masses

Molar Mass of N - 14.01 g/mol

Molar Mass of H - 1.01 g/mol

Molar Mass of Br - 79.90 g/mol

Step 2: Find amounts of molar masses

1 mol N - 14.01 g/mol

4 mol H - 4.04 g/mol

1 mol Br - 79.90 g/mol

Step 3: Find molar mass of compound

Molar Mass N + 4 Molar Mass H + 1 Molar Mass Br

14.01 g/mol + 4.04 g/mol + 79.90 g/mol

97.95 g/mol

A thermochemical equation can be written by expressing the heat evolved or absorbed in terms of the enthalpy change ΔH. Here ΔH for the following reaction +88.2 kJ. The correct option is A.

A chemical equation which indicates the heat change occuring during the reaction is defined as the thermochemical equation. In thermochemical equations, physical states of the reactants and products should be specified.

Here the given reaction 4 AlCl₃ (s) + 3 O₂ (g) ⇒ 2 Al₂O₃ (s) + 6 Cl₂ (g) is reversed as 1 /3 Al₂O₃ (s) + Cl₂ (g) ⇒ 2/3 AlCl₃ (s) + 1/2 O₂ (g) and multiplied by 1/6.

So the new enthalpy is +88.16 ≈ 88.2 kJ

Thus the correct option is A.

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Answer:noble gases

Explanation:

Answer:

the same and 14

Explanation:

ed tell chem

Answer: the same 10

Explanation:

Answer:

What does a particular point on a line of a phase diagram represent ?

Explanation:

The lines on the phase diagram represent combinations of pressures and temperatures at which two phases coexist in equilibrium.

The phase diagram's lines depict mixtures of pressures as well as temperatures where two phases can peacefully coexist.

A phase diagram shows a visual representation of particular chemical-physical states across various pressures and temperatures.

A phase would be an area of space where a molecule's physical characteristics have been all essentially uniform.

The phase diagram's lines depict mixtures of pressures as well as temperatures where two phases can peacefully coexist.

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1) Diesel has a higher viscosity than petrol.

2) Petrol is more flammable than diesel.

3) The formula will be C₁₀H₂₂.

4) The equation is; 2C8H18+25O2→16CO2+18H2O.

Depending on the precise composition and temperature, the viscosity of gasoline and diesel can change. In general, diesel is more viscous than gasoline. Higher viscosity fluids are thicker and flow more slowly than lower viscosity fluids because viscosity relates to the resistance of a fluid to flow.

Diesel is less flammable than gasoline. The lowest temperature at which gasoline can evaporate and turn into an ignitable combination in air is known as its flash point, and it is lower for gasoline. Compared to diesel fuel, petrol vapors are much more flammable and can ignite at lower temperatures.

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The statement is correct. The photoelectric effect refers to the phenomenon where electrons are ejected from the surface of a material when it is exposed to light. The frequency of light striking an electron in a metal must be above the threshold frequency in order for the photoelectric effect to occur.

The statement is correct. The photoelectric effect refers to the phenomenon where electrons are ejected from the surface of a material when it is exposed to light. However, for the photoelectric effect to occur, the frequency of the incident light must be above a certain threshold frequency.

The threshold frequency is the minimum frequency of light required to dislodge electrons from the material. Below this threshold frequency, regardless of the intensity or duration of the light, no electrons will be emitted.

This behavior can be explained by the particle-like nature of light, where light is composed of discrete packets of energy called photons. The energy of a photon is directly proportional to its frequency. Only photons with energy greater than or equal to the binding energy of the electrons in the material can dislodge them.

Therefore, the frequency of light striking an electron in a metal must be above the threshold frequency in order for the photoelectric effect to occur.

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