Explain the technique to generate and detect PPM and PWM signals with neat block diagrams and time domain waveforms. b. Explain the technique to generate natural PAM signal with neat block diagram.
Answers
PPM (Pulse Position Modulation) and PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) are techniques used in communication systems to encode information in the form of pulses.
PPM involves varying the position of the pulse within a fixed time period, while PWM involves varying the width of the pulse within a fixed time period. To generate a PPM signal, a digital input signal is passed through a pulse position modulator. The input signal determines the position of the pulse within each time period. The modulator generates a train of pulses with varying positions, representing the input information. The output waveform consists of pulses with different time positions. To detect a PPM signal, a pulse position demodulator is used. The PPM signal is passed through the demodulator, which compares the received signal with a reference signal to determine the position of each pulse. The demodulated output represents the original information encoded in the PPM signal. To generate a PWM signal, a digital input signal is passed through a pulse width modulator. The input signal determines the width or duration of each pulse within a fixed time period. The modulator generates a train of pulses with varying widths, representing the input information. The output waveform consists of pulses with different pulse widths.
Learn more about PPM (Pulse Position Modulation) here:
https://brainly.com/question/26033167
#SPJ11
Related Questions
1) I love to swim. 2) A few years ago, my new year's resolution was to become a faster swimmer. 3) First, I started eating better to improve my overall health. 4) Then, I created a training program and started swimming five days a week. 5) I went to the pool at my local gym. 6) To measure my improvement, I tried to count my laps as I was swimming, but I always got distracted and lost track! 7) It made it very hard for me to know if I was getting faster. 8) This is a common experience for swimmers everywhere. 9) We need a wearable device to count laps, calories burned, and other real-time data. Summarey of the story
Answers
When RBI assessments are conducted, the assessments must be repeated every:
A) 5 years
B) 10 years
C) 15 years
D) 20 years
Answers
When RBI (Risk-Based Inspection) assessments are conducted, the assessments must be repeated every 5 years to ensure that equipment or facilities continue to meet repeat safety and regulatory standards.
Learn more about repeated assessments: https://brainly.com/question/25109803
#SPJ11
Draw a radial power circuit arrangement containing 3 single fused sockets and 2 double unfused sockets showing the live, earth and neutral wiring
Answers
Answer:
Attached below is the Radial power circuit arrangement
Explanation:
Radial power circuit arrangement is done in a way that a single cable starts from the fuse box and connects to all the outlet socket contained in the circuit also the cable contains wires ( live , neutral and earth )
The advantage of a radial power circuit arrangement is that it enables easy identification of electrical faults on the circuit.
What does the range switch prevent
Answers
Suppose you have a circuit you are working with, but you recognize that there is a really strong LaTeX: 60\text{Hz}60 Hz hum due to the AC power being provided to your system. You wish to reduce the effect of this humming but not any other frequency content in the signal. Which type of filter should you use to remove it
Answers
Answer:
A bandstop filter should be used to remove the 60 Hz humming component of the signal.
A bandstop filter basically allows all the frequencies above and below a specific frequency that is 60 Hz in this case.
Therefore, only the 60 Hz component of the signal will be attenuated and the rest of the frequency components in the signal will not be affected.
Explanation:
There is a really strong 60 Hz hum (noise) due to the AC power being provided to your system.
We wish to reduce the effect of this humming but not any other frequency content in the signal.
So we need a filter that can reject a particular frequency but allow any other frequencies present in the signal.
A bandstop filter would get the job done.
A bandstop filter basically allows all the frequencies above and below the specific frequency that is 60 Hz in this case.
Therefore, only the 60 Hz component of the signal will be attenuated and the rest of the frequency components in the signal will not be affected.
The notch frequency in this case is 60 Hz which is the frequency at which maximum attenuation occurs.
The typical frequency response of a bandstop filter is attached below.
6.15 A modified CRC procedure is commonly used in communications standards. It is defined as follows: X¹6D (X) + XL (X) R(X) = Q+ P(X) P(X) FCS = L(X) + R (X) where L(X) = X15 + X14 + X¹3 + + X + 1 and k is the number of bits being checked (address, control, and information fields). a. Describe in words the effect of this procedure. b. Explain the potential benefits. c. Show a shift-register implementation for P(X) X16+ X12 + X³ + 1.
Answers
A modified CRC procedure appends a checksum to transmitted data for error detection and correction, improving data reliability and enabling efficient error identification and correction.
A modified CRC procedure is widely used in communication standards to ensure data integrity and reliability. When transmitting data, it is essential to detect and correct any errors that may occur during transmission. The CRC procedure achieves this by adding a checksum to the data, allowing the receiver to verify the integrity of the received data. This procedure involves polynomial division, where the data with an appended FCS is divided by a predefined polynomial P(X). The resulting remainder is the FCS, which is sent along with the data. At the receiver's end, the same polynomial division is performed, and if the remainder is zero, it indicates that the data has been received without any errors. However, if a non-zero remainder is obtained, it signifies the presence of errors.The benefits of using this modified CRC procedure are significant. Firstly, it provides a reliable method for error detection. By appending the FCS to the data, the receiver can compare the calculated remainder with the received FCS. If they match, it indicates that the data is error-free. Secondly, this procedure allows for efficient error detection. The polynomial division can be performed using simple shift registers, making it computationally efficient. Additionally, CRC is capable of detecting various types of errors, including single-bit errors, burst errors, and some multi-bit errors.By implementing a shift-register for P(X) = X¹⁶+ X¹² + X³ + 1, we can create a hardware implementation of the CRC procedure. The shift-register has 17 stages, corresponding to the degree of the polynomial. The input bits are fed into the register from the left, and the bits on the rightmost stage represent the remainder (R(X)). Each clock cycle, the bits in the register are shifted to the right, and new bits are entered from the left. The feedback connections are determined by the polynomial coefficients, with taps placed at positions 16, 12, and 3.This implementation allows for efficient computation of the CRC, making it suitable for real-time data transmission.Learn more about error detection
brainly.com/question/31675951
#SPJ11
The tailstock
a. is used to mount the lathe center
b. cannot be used for taper turning
C. is removed when long work must be turned
D. holds the inner end of the work being turned
Answers
What is the difference between digital instruments and decimal scaled instruments to measure
Answers
Answer Digital measuring instruments are self-contained devices that automatically present the value of the measured quantity on a digital display. And Decimal Scaled Instruments: Record all digits that you can certainly determine from the scale markings and estimate one more digit. I hope this Helped I´m new to this.
Explanation:
1. Write a procedure called Power that will calculate integer powers of integer numbers. In other words, it will calculate xy given that both x and y are integers.
Answers
Here's a procedure called Power that will calculate integer powers of integer numbers.
In other words, it will calculate xy given that both x and y are integers: def power(base, exponent): if exponent == 0: return 1 elif exponent < 0:return 1 / power(base, -exponent) elif exponent % 2 == 0: return power(base * base, exponent / 2) else: return base * power(base, exponent - 1)How does this procedure work? Let's break it down into its parts:
We define a function called power that takes two arguments: base and exponent. If the exponent is 0, then we return 1. This is because any number raised to the 0th power is 1. If the exponent is negative, then we return the reciprocal of power(base, -exponent). This is because a negative exponent is equivalent to taking the reciprocal of the base raised to the positive exponent (i.e. x⁻ⁿ = 1/xⁿ).If the exponent is even, then we return power(base * base, exponent / 2). This is because any number raised to an even power can be written as the square of that number raised to half the power (i.e. x²ⁿ = (x²)ⁿ = (xⁿ)²).
If the exponent is odd, then we return base * power(base, exponent - 1). This is because any number raised to an odd power can be written as the product of that number raised to one less than the power and the base (i.e. x²ⁿ⁺¹ = x * x²ⁿ). Therefore, this procedure calculates integer powers of integer numbers by breaking the exponent down into smaller, simpler pieces and recursively calling itself until it reaches the base case of exponent = 0.
To learn more about Integer powers, click here:
https://brainly.com/question/26778173
#SPJ11
where are sensors located on a vehicle equipped with side sonar system?
Answers
In vehicles equipped with side sonar systems, the sensors are typically located on the sides of the vehicle, often near the rearview mirrors or on the front and rear bumpers. These sensors use ultrasonic technology to detect nearby objects and provide an alert to the driver. Some newer vehicles may also have sensors located in the front grille or under the vehicle. It's important to regularly check the sensors to ensure they are clean and functioning properly for accurate detection.
Side sonar systems in vehicles are designed to enhance driver awareness and safety by using ultrasonic technology to detect nearby objects. The sensors are typically located on the sides of the vehicle, near the rearview mirrors or on the front and rear bumpers, although some newer vehicles may have sensors in different locations such as the front grille or under the vehicle. Regularly checking and maintaining these sensors is crucial to ensure they are clean and functioning properly for accurate detection.
Learn more about technology: https://brainly.com/question/7788080
#SPJ11
a systems breach occurs at a manufacturer. the system in question contains highly valuable data. an engineer plans a live acquisition, but ultimately, is not successful. what reason may be stopping the engineer?
Answers
A manufacturer suffers a system breach. An engineer intends a live acquisition but fails to complete it. The engineer may be stopped because "the tools really aren't preinstalled or running."
What is termed as the live acquisition?A "live" acquisition is one in which data is retrieved directly from a digital device via its normal interface, such as turning on a computer but also running programs from the operating system.
This carries some risk because data is probable to be altered. As disk drive capacities boost to the point where they become impractical to 'image,' and technology including such 'cloud computing' implies that you cannot even obtain the hardware in many cases, this process is rapidly has become the more common approach.However, there are some advantages to live acquisition, such as the possibility of recording the contents of RAM. When a computer is discovered turned on prior to seizure, it is sometimes useful to perform a live acquisition of the RAM to see if it contains information that has been deleted from of the hard drive (like temporary documents).Thus, when a manufacturer suffers a system breachand an engineer intends a live acquisition but fails to complete it. The engineer may be stopped because "the tools really aren't preinstalled or running."
To know more about the acquisition, here
https://brainly.com/question/14195407
#SPJ4
The systems breach in a manufacturer's system containing valuable data was prevented by an engineer planning a live acquisition due to several reasons. One reason could be the system's encryption and firewall that protected it from any unauthorized access.
Another reason could be the lack of information about the system's architecture, making it impossible to find a loophole or backdoor for a live acquisition. The engineer might also have been prevented from executing the plan because of legal barriers, such as search and seizure laws, which prohibit them from accessing the data without proper authorization. The manufacturer might have also hired professional security experts to secure the system, which made it difficult to access it. The engineer could have also faced hardware or software failures when attempting to access the data, which is a common issue when trying to obtain live acquisition of a system. In conclusion, the engineer could not execute the plan due to various technical, legal, and physical barriers that prevented them from accessing the valuable data.
To learn more about Firewall :
https://brainly.com/question/30034809
#SPJ11
Advantage of reconnaissance survay
Answers
Answer:
fgfr
cg
Explanation:
xhrrhfdfghtrfgg
A passive instrument performs which of the following tasks?
sends transmissions to Earth
records echo results from signals
accepts transmissions from Earth
collects radiation reflected from Earth
Answers
Answer:
D. Collects radiation reflected from Earth.
Explanation:
In the field of construction, welding is
considered what kind of position?
A. specialty
B. common
C. widespread
Answers
Answer:
C
Explanation:
I think
When driving a commercial motor vehicle safely, it is recommended that you leave at
least one second between your vehicle and the vehicle you are following for each
feet of your vehicle's length.
Answers
Answer:
If you are driving below 40 mph, you should leave at least one second for every 10 feet of vehicle length.
Read more ✓
Question 1
The scatter-gather browser used which visualisation techniques for
clusters?
3 points towards your certificate
Average values
Typical documents
O Neither of the above.
Answers
Neither of the above. The scatter-gather browser does not use any specific visualisation techniques for clusters.
What is browser?A browser is a software application that allows users to access, view, and interact with websites, web applications, and documents over the internet. It typically provides features such as bookmarking, history, and tabbed browsing, and is most commonly used to access webpages. Browsers allow for the display and interaction of web-based content, such as text, images, videos, and other multimedia and web-based applications. They also allow users to access their online accounts, such as email and social media, as well as a variety of other online services. By providing users with a way to view and interact with the internet, browsers have become an essential tool in modern life.
Instead, it uses a combination of methods such as highlighting, zooming, and text searches to visually explore and identify clusters in a document collection.
To learn more about browser
https://brainly.com/question/15145512
#SPJ1
Estimate the maximum expected thermal conductivity for a Cermet that contains 58 vol% titanium carbide (TiC) particles in a cobalt matrix. Assume thermal conductivities of 27 and 69 W/m-K for TiC and Co respectively.
Answers
Answer:
The right answer is "36.32 W/mk".
Explanation:
According to the question,
TiC = 76%
or,
= 0.76
CO = 24%
or,
= 0.24
Thermal conductivity of TiC,
= 26 W/mk
Thermal conductivity of CO,
= 69 W/mk
On applying the rule, we get
⇒ \("K" \ of \ Cermet=(K)_{TiC} (V_f)_{TiC}+(K)_{CO} (V_m)_{CO}\)
On putting the given values, we get
⇒ \(=(26)(0.76)+(69)(0.24)\)
⇒ \(=19.76+16.56\)
⇒ \(=36.32 \ W/mk\)
A wall is made from an inhomogeneous (nonuniform) material for which the thermal conductivity varies through the thickness according k=ax+b, where a and b are constants. The heat flux is known to be constant. Determine expressions for the temperature gradient and the temperature distribution when the surface at x=0 is at temperature T1.
Answers
∂T/∂x = (T1 - T2)/bx + a
Where T2 is the temperature at x=b.
The temperature distribution is given by:T(x) = T1 - (T1 - T2)*(ax + b)/b
How will the temperature gradient be affected if the surface at x=0 is increased or decreased? If the surface at x=0 is increased, the temperature gradient will also increase. This is because the surface will absorb more heat energy from the environment, leading to a greater temperature difference between x=0 and other points further away from the surface. Similarly, if the surface at x=0 is decreased, the temperature gradient will also decrease. This is because the surface will absorb less heat energy from the environment, leading to a smaller temperature difference between x=0 and other points further away from the surface. The magnitude of the temperature gradient can also be affected by other factors such as the air temperature and air pressure in the environment.To learn more about temperature gradient refer to:
https://brainly.com/question/11195980
#SPJ4
when parking uphill without a curb your wheels should be
Answers
When parking uphill without a curb, turn your wheels to the right (towards the side of the road) to prevent your vehicle from rolling into traffic. Refer to local laws and your vehicle's manual for specific instructions.
When parking uphill without a curb, you should turn your vehicle's wheels to the right (towards the side of the road). Here's a general guideline to follow:
1. Bring your vehicle to a complete stop and engage the parking brake.
2. Turn the steering wheel completely to the right, which means turning it towards the side of the road.
3. If there is a roadway slope, position your vehicle's wheels against the edge of the road to prevent it from rolling.
By turning the wheels to the right, you create a safety measure that helps prevent your vehicle from rolling downhill into traffic if the parking brake were to fail. This way, the curb serves as a substitute for a curb, and the wheels are turned in the opposite direction to the one used when parking downhill.
However, it's essential to consult and follow the specific local laws and regulations regarding parking, as they may vary depending on your location. Additionally, always refer to your vehicle's owner's manual for any specific instructions related to parking or wheel positioning.
To learn more about curb Click Here: brainly.com/question/30517434
#SPJ11
What percent of all miles of roadways in the united states are considered to be rural?.
Answers
About 73 percent of all roadways in the United States are considered to be rural.
What is rural?
The term "rural" is ambiguous and can signify different things to various individuals, groups, and governments. It might be difficult to define "rural" in a country with diverse topography and shifting demographics. For individuals who are concerned with rural concerns, a specific definition of rural is crucial. A definition that is both clearly defined and up to date in its interpretation is necessary for federal and state policymakers, donors, service providers, and researchers. For various programmes and regulatory requirements, numerous federal and state-level classifications of rural have been developed over the years.
To learn more about rural
https://brainly.com/question/28152726
#SPJ4
_____is the ability of a system to grow as the volume of users increases.
For others taking this class that have not found the answer
Answers
Answer:
Scalability
Explanation:
just took a test and it was right.
A nut driver is a variation of a socket wrench, true?
Answers
Answer:
TRUE
Explanation:
Explanation: Nut drivers are sockets that can be snapped on or permanently fixed to a screwdriver-type handle.
position for an electron is 4.7i - 4.1j + 5.7k find the magnitude
Answers
Answer:
for the magnitude we use Pythagoras (with the components) to get: ∣∣∣→A−→B∣∣∣=√(−1)2+(5)2=√1+25=√26≈5.1
Which is a method of social engineering that could be used to deliver ransomware?.
Answers
The method of social engineering that could be used to deliver ransomware is; email phishing
What are methods of Social engineering?Ransomware is simply a type of social engineering that criminals use to steal data, infect computers, and infiltrate company networks.
Now, the most popular form of social engineering that could be used to deliver ransomware is email phishing. This is because email Phishing has become more pervasive and dangerous these days as it is used when attackers/criminals send fraudulent emails that either contain dangerous links or exploitative requests.
Read more about email phishing at; https://brainly.com/question/26072214
Briefly explain thermal expansion using the potential energy–versus–interatomic spacing curve.
Answers
As the temperature of the material increases, the potential energy of the molecules increases. Thermal expansion occurs due to changes in temperature, and interatomic distances increase as potential energy increases.
What are the uses of Thermal Expansion?Thermal expansion is used in a variety of applications such as rail buckling, engine coolant, mercury thermometers, joint expansion, and others.
It is to be noted that an application of the concept of liquid expansion in everyday life concerns liquid thermometers. As the heat rises, the mercury or alcohol in the thermometer tube moves in only one direction. As the heat decreases, the liquid moves back smoothly.
Learn more about Thermal Expansion:
https://brainly.com/question/1166774
#SPJ1
Electricity is the flow of electrons from a negatively charged
material to a positively charged material.
Answer- TRUE
Answers
electric current refers to directional negative-to-positive electrons from one atom to the next. Liquid conductors and gas conductors, electric current refers to electrons and protons flow in the opposite direction.
A gas has an initial volume o.25m^3, and absolute pressure 100kPa. Its initial temperature is 290k. The gas is compressed into a volume of o.O5m^3 during which its temperature rises to 405k. Calculate its final pressure using the formula . P1V1/T1=p2V2/t2
Answers
Answer:
698.3KpaExplanation:
Step one:
given data
V1=0.25m^3
T1=290k
P1=100kPa
V2=0.5m^2
T2=405k
P2=? final pressure
Step two:
The combined gas equation is given as
P1V1/T1=P2V2/T2
Substituting we have
(100*0.25)/290=P2*0.05/405
25/290=0.5P2/405
0.086=0.05P2/405
cross multiply
0.086*405=0.05P2
34.9=0.05P2
divide both sides by 0.05
P2=34.9/0.05
P2=698.3Kpa
Therefore the new pressure is 698.3Kpa when the gas is compressed
The view factor for radiation emitted by surface 1 to surface 2 was calculated to be 0.4. The working area of surface 1 is 0.01 m2, the working area of surface 2 is 0.04 m2. What is the view factor for radiation emitted by surface 2 to surface 1?
Answers
Answer:
The view factor for radiation emitted by surface 2 to surface 1 is 0.1
Explanation:
Given
\(F_{12} = 0.4\)
\(A_1 = 0.01m^2\)
\(A_2 = 0.04m^2\)
Required
Determine \(F_{21}\)
To do this, we make use of the following equivalent ratio
\(A_1 * F_{12} = A_2 * F_{21}\)
Make \(F_{21\) the subject
\(F_{21} = \frac{A_1 * F_{12}}{ A_2}\)
Substitute values into the equation
\(F_{21} = \frac{0.01m^2 * 0.4}{0.04m^2}\)
\(F_{21} = \frac{0.01 * 0.4}{0.04}\)
\(F_{21} = \frac{0.004}{0.04}\)
\(F_{21} = 0.1\)
Consider a machine of mass 70 kg mounted to ground through an isolation system of total stiffness 30,000 N/m, with a measured damping ratio of 0.2. The machine produces a harmonic force of 450 N at 13 rad/s during steady-state operating conditions. Determine
Answers
Complete Question
Consider a machine of mass 70 kg mounted to ground through an isolation system of total stiffness 30,000 N/m, with a measured damping ratio of 0.2. The machine produces a harmonic force of 450 N at 13 rad/s during steady-state operating conditions. Determine
(a) the amplitude of motion of the machine,
(b) the phase angle of the motion,
(c) the transmissibility ratio,
(d) the maximum dynamic force transmitted to the floor, and
(e) the maximum velocity of the machine.
Answer:
a) \(X=0.0272m\)
b) \(\phi=22.5 \textdegree\)
c) \(T_r=1.57\)
d) \(F=706.5N\)
e) \(V_{max}=0.35m/s\)
Explanation:
From the question we are told that:
Mass \(M=70kg\)
Total Stiffness \(\mu=30000\)
Damping Ratio \(r=0.2\)
Force \(F=450N\)
Angular velocity \(\omega =13rad/s\)
Generally the equation for vibration in an isolated system is mathematically given by
\(\omega_n=\sqrt{\frac{k}{m}}\)
\(\omega_n=\sqrt{\frac{30000}{70}}\)
\(\omega_n=20.7rad/s\)
a)
Generally the equation for Machine Amplitude is mathematically given by
\(X=\frac{F_O/m}{(\omega_n^2-\omega^2)^2-(2*r*\omega)*\omega_n*\omega^2)^{1/2}}\)
\(X=\frac{450}{70}}{(20.7^2-(137^2)^2-(2*0,2*(20.7(13)))^2)^{1/2}\)
\(X=0.0272m\)
b)
Generally the equation for Phase Angle is mathematically given by
\(\phi=tan^{-1}\frac{2*r*\omega_n*\omega}{\omega_n^2*\omega^2}\)
\(\phi=tan^{-1}\frac{2*0.2*20.7*13}{\20.7^2*13^2}\)
\(\phi=22.5 \textdegree\)
c)
Generally the equation for transmissibility ratio is mathematically given by
\(T_r=\sqrt{\frac{1+(2r\beta)^2}{(1-r^2)^2+(2*\beta*r)^2}}\)
Where
\(\beta=Ratio\ of\ angular\ velocity\)
\(\beta=\frac{13}{20.7}\\\beta=0.638\)
Therefore
\(T_r=\sqrt{\frac{1+(2*(0.2)(0.638))^2}{(1-(0.2)^2)^2+(2*0.2*0.638)^2}}\)
\(T_r=1.57\)
d)
Generally the equation for Maximum dynamic force transmitted to the floor is mathematically given by
\(F=(T_r)*F_o\)
\(F=(1.57)*450\)
\(F=706.5N\)
e)
Generally the equation for Maximum Velocity of Machine is mathematically given by
\(V_{max}=\omega*x\)
\(V_{max}=13*0.0272\)
\(V_{max}=0.35m/s\)
Imagine that your company is considering opening a branch in Dubai. List typical activities in each phase of the decision (intelligence, design, choice, implementation) of whether to open a branch.
Answers
When a company is considering opening a branch in Dubai, it will typically go through the following phases of decision-making: intelligence, design, choice, and implementation.
Intelligence: Gather relevant information about the location, such as the local market conditions, taxation regulations, and the availability of skilled labor. Consider the advantages and disadvantages of opening a branch in Dubai.Design: Develop a detailed plan of action, outlining the process, resources, and goals. Set a budget and timeline for the project. Prepare documents such as lease agreements and any necessary permits.Choice: Compare the potential costs and benefits of the proposed branch to determine if it is a good investment for the company.Implementation: Begin the process of opening the branch in Dubai. This may include sending staff to the area, hiring and training employees, and buying necessary supplies and equipment.Learn more about branch: https://brainly.com/question/13267720
#SPJ11