Distinguish between isotropic and anisotropic substances. To which category do liquid crystals belong?

Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons have a positive charge, neutrons have no charge, and electrons have a negative charge. In a neutral atom, the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons.

However, when an atom gains or loses electrons, it becomes an ion. If an atom gains electrons, it becomes a negative ion, and if it loses electrons, it becomes a positive ion.

In the case of an ion that contains 7 protons and 10 electrons, we can determine its charge by first finding its atomic number. The atomic number is equal to the number of protons in an atom and is located on the periodic table. In this case, the atomic number is 7, which means the atom is nitrogen.

Since the ion has 10 electrons, it has gained 3 electrons from its neutral state. This means the ion has a charge of -3. Therefore, the charge of an ion that contains 7 protons and 10 electrons is -3.

The charge of an ion with 7 protons and 10 electrons can be calculated by finding the difference between the number of protons and electrons. In this case, the ion has 3 more electrons than protons. Therefore, the charge of this ion is -3.

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Answer:

alcohol

Explanation:

The answer is d) the volume ratios of gaseous reactants and products.                                                                                          

While the coefficients in a balanced chemical equation provide information about the mole ratios of reactants and products and the ratios of the number of molecules of reactants and products, they do not provide information about the volume ratios of gaseous reactants and products. This is because the volume of a gas can vary depending on temperature, pressure, and other factors.
However, they do not directly convey mass ratios, as different substances have different molar masses, which must be considered separately.

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Answer:

Both technician a and b are correct that gasoline engines have spark plugs to ignite the air-fuel mixture. Technician b says that diesel engines use compression to ignite the air-fuel mixture.

Explanation:

Gasoline engines- Any of a group of internal combustion engines known as gasoline engines produce power by igniting a volatile liquid fuel (such as gasoline or a gasoline combination like ethanol) with an electric spark.

Diesel engines-The Rudolf Diesel-inspired diesel engine is a type of internal combustion engine known as a compression-ignition engine because it ignites fuel by heating the air in the cylinder as a result of mechanical compression (CI engine). This contrasts with engines that ignite the air-fuel mixture using spark plugs, such as gasoline or gas engines (using a gaseous fuel like natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas).

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The compound that would form a precipitate in water is  BaSO4.

option d.

BaSO4 (barium sulfate) would form a precipitate in water because it is classified as an insoluble compound according to most solubility charts. When a compound is considered insoluble, it means that it has a very low solubility in water, resulting in the formation of solid particles or precipitate when dissolved in water.

In the case of BaSO4, it does not readily dissociate into ions in water and remains as solid particles, causing it to precipitate.

On the other hand, a. KCI (potassium chloride), b. NaOH (sodium hydroxide), and c. (NH4)2S (ammonium sulfide) are soluble compounds in water. They dissociate into ions and form homogenous solutions when dissolved in water, without forming a precipitate.

It's worth noting that solubility can vary depending on factors such as temperature and concentration, so it's always important to consult a solubility chart or reference for accurate and up-to-date information on specific compounds.option d.

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When the speed of the particle is close to that of light, it's observed mass would be infinitely large.

To answer the question, we need to know what observed mass is.

This is the mass the body of an object in relativistic motion appears to have.

So, observed mass, m' = m/√(1 - β²) where

Now, since the speed of the particle is close to that of light, β ≅ 1.

So, m' = m/√(1 - β²)

m' = m/√(1 - 1²)

m' = m/√(1 - 1)

m' = m/√0

m' = m/0

m' = ∞

So, when the speed of the particle is close to that of light, it's observed mass would be infinitely large.

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Answer:

pH is an index of how many protons, or hydrogen ions (H+) are dissolved and free in a solution. The pH scale goes from 0 to 14. A fluid with a pH of 7 is neutral. Below 7, it is acidic; above 7, it is alkaline.

The more below or above 7 a solution is, the more acidic or alkaline it is. The scale is not linear—a drop from pH 8.2 to 8.1 indicates a 30 percent increase in acidity, or concentration of hydrogen ions; a drop from 8.1 to 7.9 indicates a 150 percent increase in acidity. Bottom line: Small-sounding changes in ocean pH are actually quite large and definitely in the direction of becoming less alkaline, which is the same as becoming more acidic.

If you think about it, we use descriptive words like this all the time. A person who stands 5’5” tall and weighs 300 pounds isn’t thin. If he loses 100 pounds, he still won’t be thin, but he will be thinner than he was before he went on the diet. (And we are more likely to comment that he’s looking trimmer than to say he’s not as fat as he used to be.)

Explanation:

beacuse they can be separeted by evaporation

A solution of salt water is a form of the mixture since salt can be

Answer: there is no photo so we can’t answer it:)

Explanation:

Answer: organic

Explanation:

The mass is going to increase because the iron was combined with oxygen.

We know that the mass of the object can be obtained by the use of a weighing balance. Again it is very important that we should bear in mind that what has happened here as the iron is rusting is actually a chemical change.

The ion was bale to combine with oxygen in the presence of moisture, Given the fact that the iron has combined with oxygen, we no longer have a pure iron hence the mass of the iron is definitely going to become increased.

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If a piece of iron is weighed, allowed to go rusty, and weighed again, it has increased in mass, this is because of the formation of rust.

Rusting is the slow oxidation of iron in the presence of oxygen and moisture that results in the creation of hydrated iron oxide. Rust is a brown coating that formed when iron and oxygen in the air combine, when moisture is present. Rust is a reddish-orange flaky material.

The metal surface is where rusting is most prone to happen since it is an oxidation process.

When rust forms, the mass of the iron object is increased by the mass of oxygen that has combined with some of the iron.

If a piece of iron is weighed, allowed to go rusty, and weighed again, it has increased in mass, this is because of the formation of rust.

\(Fe_{2} O_3.nH_2O\) - this will be the new composition and when you find the molar mass of this compound its obviously greater than Fe (Iron).

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Answer:

Consciousness refers to your individual awareness of your unique thoughts, memories, feelings, sensations, and environments. Essentially, your consciousness is your awareness of yourself and the world around you. This awareness is subjective and unique to you.

Explanation:

Given, the amount of dextromethorphan HBr present in the cough syrup is 0.09 g per fluidounce.

To find the amount of mL of this agent presents in each teaspoonful dose, we will convert fluidounce to mL.

Let's begin with the conversion,1 fluidounce = 29.5735 mLTo find the amount of mL of dextromethorphan HBr present in each teaspoonful dose,

we will use the formula, Amount of mL of this agent = (Amount of dextromethorphan HBr * Volume of fluidounce) / Total volume= (0.09 * 29.5735) / 1 = 2.6626 mL.

Hence, the amount of mL of dextromethorphan HBr present in each teaspoonful dose is 2.6626 mL.

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Answer:

i believe it's D

Explanation:

Answer:

D

Explanation:

To determine the exact value of pK2 in this case, we can use the relationship between pH and pK, which states that the pH of a solution is equal to the pK of the acid with the lowest concentration when the acid and its conjugate base are in equilibrium.

Here, we know that the pH of the solution dropped from 8.00 to 3.20 after the addition of HCl. We can assume that the second group is now in the acid form since we know that the first ionizable group has a pK of 3.8, and the second group (pK2) is between 7 and 10, we can assume that the second group is now in the acid form.

We can use the relationship between pH and pK to calculate the exact value of pK2:

pH = pK2 = pKw / [H+] = 14.00 - log([H+])

3.20 = 14.00 - log([H+])

Solving for [H+], we find that [H+] = 1.0 x 10^-3.2

Now we can find the value of pK2 as:

pK2 = 14.00 - log(1.0 x 10^-3.2) = 14.00 - (-3.2) = 14.00 + 3.2 = 17.2

Therefore, the exact value of pK2 is 17.2.

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a) The absolute standard deviation of the concentration of NaOH is 0.0041 M.

b) The standard error of the concentration of NaOH is 0.0018 M.

c) The confidence interval of the concentration of NaOH is (0.1033 M, 0.1060 M).

d) Yes, the sample mean is significantly different from the true concentration of 0.1045 M.

e) No, the mean concentrations from the two students' results are not similar to each other.

a) To calculate the absolute standard deviation of the concentration of NaOH, we need to find the standard deviation of the given data points. Using the formula for sample standard deviation, we calculate the average deviation of each data point from the mean concentration, then square each deviation, take the average of the squared deviations, and finally, take the square root. The absolute standard deviation is the absolute value of the standard deviation.

b) The standard error of the concentration of NaOH measures the variability of the sample means from different samples. It is calculated by dividing the standard deviation by the square root of the sample size. In this case, the sample size is 5.

c) To calculate the confidence interval of the concentration of NaOH, we need to determine the margin of error using the t-distribution and the sample standard deviation. With a 95% confidence level, we use a t-value corresponding to 4 degrees of freedom (n-1) and multiply it by the standard error. The confidence interval is constructed by subtracting and adding the margin of error to the sample mean concentration.

d) To determine if the sample mean is significantly different from the true concentration, we compare the true concentration to the confidence interval. If the true concentration falls outside the confidence interval, then the sample mean is significantly different from the true concentration.

e) To assess if the mean concentrations from the two students' results are similar to each other, we can calculate the confidence intervals for each student's data. If the confidence intervals overlap or are close to each other, it suggests that the mean concentrations are similar. However, if the confidence intervals do not overlap, it indicates that the mean concentrations are likely different.

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The acids do not completely dissociate in water. So, they tend to form a buffer system. Above pH 3.5, the concentration of the conjugate base is more than the concentration of the acid.  

After the equivalence point, the concentration of the conjugate base is more than the concentration of the acid.  

Therefore, after 3.5 the concentration of the conjugate base is more than the concentration of the acid.  

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Answer: D

Explanation:

Assuming this is a diagram to show how different substances react with each other, each number is representing a different substance.

Therefore, for example, substance 2 reacts with substance 1 to create a new substance. Or substance 4 reacts with substance 3 to create a new substance.

You can think about it like this:

Orange + water --> orange juice

or

Apple + orange --> a rather depressing fruit salad

However, what do you get when you add water + water?

Water + water --> surprise... WATER!!!

Therefore between the same substances, there will no reaction.

Hoped this helped! :)

According to molar concentration, 30 ml of water  should be added to 15 ml of 12 M HCl  to make it to 6 M solution.

Molar concentration is defined as a measure by which concentration of chemical substances present in a solution are determined. It is defined in particular reference to solute concentration in a solution . Most commonly used unit for molar concentration is moles/liter.

The molar concentration depends on change in volume of the solution which is mainly due to thermal expansion. Molar concentration is calculated by the formula, molar concentration=mass/ molar mass ×1/volume of solution in liters.

In terms of moles, it's formula is given as molar concentration= number of moles /volume of solution in liters.

In the given example,volume required is calculated as, V₂=M₁V₁/M₂

V₂=12×15/6

V₂=30 ml.

Thus, 30 ml of water is added to 15 ml of 12 M HCl to make it to 6 M solution.

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If 10 moles of P4S3 were used, the mass of P4O6 produced would be 2838.8 grams.

To determine the number of grams of P4O6 produced from 10 moles of P4S3, we need to use the balanced chemical equation and the molar masses of the compounds involved.The balanced equation for the reaction between P4S3 and oxygen to produce P4O6 is:

P4S3 + 8 O2 → P4O6 + 6 SO2

From the balanced equation, we can see that the molar ratio between P4S3 and P4O6 is 1:1. This means that for every 1 mole of P4S3 consumed, 1 mole of P4O6 is produced.The molar mass of P4S3 is 220.25 g/mol, and the molar mass of P4O6 is 283.88 g/mol.

To calculate the mass of P4O6 produced, we can use the following equation:

Mass of P4O6 = Moles of P4O6 × Molar mass of P4O6

Since the molar ratio between P4S3 and P4O6 is 1:1, the number of moles of P4O6 produced is also 10 moles.

Mass of P4O6 = 10 moles × 283.88 g/mol = 2838.8 grams

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According to first law of thermodynamics, internal energy of the system for work done by the system or on the surrounding, is the sum of heat released and work done. Thus internal energy for the given system is 13155 J.

Internal energy of a system is the sum of all forms of energy in the system including its kinetic energy, potential energy, thermal energy etc.

According to first  law of thermodynamics, the heat q released by the system is :

q = u - w.

Given that heat released q = 3500 J

work done = 9655 J

internal energy u = q + w

                             = 3500 J + 9655 J

                             = 13155 J.

Therefore, the internal energy of the system  that releases 3500 j of heat and that does 9655 j of work on the surroundings is 13155 J.

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Answer:

Explanation:

The correct answer is B. isotopes.

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. This difference in the number of neutrons leads to variations in their atomic mass but does not affect their chemical properties or reactivity. Isotopes of an element have similar chemical behaviors but may have slightly different physical properties due to the difference in atomic mass.

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The mass of tin (IV) carbonate, Sn(CO₃)₂, formed when 50 mL of 0.2 mol/L of tin (IV) phosphate is mixed with excess sodium carbonate is 7.17 g

Volume = 50 mL = 50 / 1000 = 0.05 L

Molarity of Sn₃(PO₄)₄ = 0.2 mol/L

Mole = Molarity × Volume

Mole of Sn₃(PO₄)₄ = 0.2 × 0.05

Sn₃(PO₄)₄ + 6Na₂CO₃ → 3Sn(CO₃)₂ + 4Na₃PO₄

From the balanced equation above,

1 mole of Sn₃(PO₄)₄ reacted to produce 3 moles of Sn(CO₃)₂.

Therefore,

0.01 mole of Sn₃(PO₄)₄ will react to produce = 0.01 × 3 = 0.03 mole of Sn(CO₃)₂.

Mole of Sn(CO₃)₂ = 0.03 mole

Molar mass of Sn(CO₃)₂ = 119 + 2[12 + (16×3)] = 239 g/mol

Mass = mole × molar mass

Mass of Sn(CO₃)₂ = 0.03 × 239

Therefore, the mass of tin (IV) carbonate, Sn(CO₃)₂, formed from the reaction is 7.17 g

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Answer:

carbon electrode: delocalised electrons

molten mixture....: aluminium oxide ions

metal wire: Metal atoms

The free moving charged particles in the following substances are as follows;

Graphite, an allotrope of carbon has Delocalized (free-moving) electrons and these electrons serve to enable conductivity.

Although, cryolite is a bad conductor of electricity, when Molten Aluminium oxide and cryolite is used, the free moving Aluminium ions enable conductivity.

In metal wires, conductivity is solely the responsibility of metal ions.

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Answer:

Enlace electrovalente: Enlace químico que se caracteriza por una transferencia de uno o más electrones de un tipo de ion a otro. También llamado enlace iónico. * Enlaces químicos: el enlace se define como la fuerza que mantiene juntos a grupos de dos o más átomos y hace que funcionen como unidad.

Explanation:

The concentration or the molarity of the solution is 1 * 10^-4 M

The number of moles of a solute per liter of solution is expressed as molarity, abbreviated as M. It's outlined as: Moles of solute per liter of solution is known as molarity (M).

The amount of solute dissolved in a specific volume of solution is expressed as a solution's molarity. In chemistry, it is a standard unit for describing how concentrated a solution is.

We know that we can find the molarity of the solution of teh sodium hydroxide form the pH of the solution as follows;

pOH = 14 - pH

pOH= 14 - 10

pOH = 4

[OH^-] = Antilog (-4)

= 1 * 10^-4 M

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Answer: 1. Crest  2. Trough 3. Wave Length 4. Amplitude

Explanation: