Calculate the mole fraction of HOCl at pH 6.0
2. Hypochlorous acid (HClO) is 80-200 times better disinfectant than OCl-. What percentage of the HClO/OCl- system is present as HClO at pH = 6 and at pH = 8? pKa = 7.6. At what pH would you recommend its use as a disinfectant? explain
3. A river water has the following characteristics:
TOC = 2 mg/L, Fe 2+= 0.5 mg/L, Mn2+=0.2 mg/L,
HS-= 0.1 mg/L, NH4+= 0.3 mg/L
What is the demand for chlorine?
4.Monochloramine is a desired species for the disinfection of wastewater effluents in a treatment plant. The total concentration of ammonia in the treated effluent is 1 mg/L as NH3-N.
Determine the concentration of HOCl required based on the stoichiometric weight ratio of Cl2:NH3-N for the formation of monochloramines. Assume that the pH is relatively stable in the effluent.

Answers

Answer 1

The mole fraction of HOCl at pH 6.0 can be calculated using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation and the dissociation constant of hypochlorous acid (HClO).

At pH = 6 and pH = 8, the percentage of the HClO/OCl- system that is present as HClO can be determined using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation and the pKa value of 7.6. The recommendation for the use of HClO as a disinfectant depends on the pH at which the percentage of HClO is maximized.

he demand for chlorine in the river water can be calculated based on the reactions between chlorine and the various species present, such as Fe2+, Mn2+, HS-, and NH4+.

To determine the concentration of HOCl required for the formation of monochloramines in the wastewater effluent, the stoichiometric weight ratio of Cl2:NH3-N can be used. Assuming a relatively stable pH in the effluent, the concentration of HOCl needed can be calculated based on this ratio.

1. The mole fraction of HOCl at pH 6.0 can be calculated using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:

pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA])

Since HOCl is a weak acid and dissociates to form OCl-, we can consider [A-] as the concentration of OCl- and [HA] as the concentration of HOCl. By rearranging the equation, we can solve for the mole fraction of HOCl.

2. At pH = 6 and pH = 8, the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation can be used to determine the percentage of the HClO/OCl- system that is present as HClO. The percentage of HClO can be calculated by dividing the concentration of HOCl by the total concentration of HOCl and OCl- and multiplying by 100. The pH at which the percentage of HClO is maximized would be recommended for its use as a disinfectant.

3. The demand for chlorine in the river water can be determined by considering the reactions between chlorine and the various species present. For example, chlorine can react with Fe2+, Mn2+, HS-, and NH4+ to form respective chlorinated products. By calculating the stoichiometry of these reactions and considering the initial concentrations of the species, the demand for chlorine can be determined.

4. The concentration of HOCl required for the formation of monochloramines can be determined based on the stoichiometric weight ratio of Cl2:NH3-N. Since monochloramines are formed by the reaction between chlorine and ammonia, the ratio of their stoichiometric weights can be used to calculate the required concentration of HOCl. Assuming a relatively stable pH in the effluent, this concentration can be calculated to ensure the desired disinfection effect.

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Related Questions

Write the equation of the line that is parallel to y=5 and passes through point (4,2)

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Step-by-step explanation:

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which expression has a base with a exponent of 4

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There are many expressions that have a base with an exponent of 4, but some examples include:

1. x^4
2. (2y)^4
3. (3z - 1)^4
4. (a + b)^4
5. 16t^4

In each of these expressions, the base (x, 2y, 3z - 1, a + b, and 16t) is raised to the fourth power (exponent of 4).

q+ad=m solve for d, i need help now please!

Answers

Answer:

d =(m-q)/a

Step-by-step explanation:

\(q+ad=m\\ad = m-q\\\frac{ad}{a} = \frac{m-q}{a} \\\\d = \frac{m-q}{a}\)

Answer:

d =  ( m-q)/a

Step-by-step explanation:

q+ad=m

Subtract q from each side

q-q+ad=m-q

ad = m-q

Divide each side by a

ad/a = ( m-q)/a

d =  ( m-q)/a

PLEASE HELP ASAP IM BEGGING pics below.
Please answer like a) (answer) and b) (answer)
TYSM

PLEASE HELP ASAP IM BEGGING pics below. Please answer like a) (answer) and b) (answer)TYSM

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The expression of the given volume formula for the l will be 1 and l, in general, will be V/(wh).

What is an expression?

A mixture of variables, numbers, addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are called expressions.

An expression is a mathematical proof of the equality of two mathematical expressions.

A statement expressing the equality of two mathematical expressions is known as an equation.

As per the given volume expression,

V= lwh

a)

l = V/(wh)

l = 8/(2 × 4) = 1

b)

V= lwh

l = V/(wh)

Hence "The expression of the given volume formula for the l will be 1 and l, in general, will be V/(wh)".

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At the end of July, the Salisbury family headed home after a vacation. The Salisbury's were 750 km from home when they started out, but 4 h later they were only 394 km from home. They did not stop and they maintained a constant speed.
a. How fast were they driving?

Please show your work but not in the physics formula do it a diffirent way and please explain

Answers

To find the speed at which the Salisbury family was driving, we can use the formula: Speed = Distance / Time. So, the Salisbury family was driving at a speed of 89 kilometers per hour.



The distance they traveled is the difference between their initial distance from home (750 km) and their distance from home after 4 hours (394 km):
Distance = 750 km - 394 km = 356 km
The time they took to cover this distance is 4 hours.

Now we can calculate the speed:
Speed = 356 km / 4 h = 89 km/h
Therefore, the Salisbury family was driving at a speed of 89 kilometers per hour.

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PLEASE ANSWER !!! ill give brainliest​

PLEASE ANSWER !!! ill give brainliest

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Answer: Choice B

A pool is filled with water using one valve. A little time after the pool is filled to its capacity, the pool needs to be emptied because of some problems. Then the pool is refilled immediately, using two valves this time.

========================================================

Explanation:

The parts where the graph goes uphill, as you move from left to right, is when the pool is being filled up. The slope tells us how fast the water is being added. The steeper the slope, the faster the rate.

Compare the first time the pool is filled up to the second time we fill it up. The second upward slope is steeper, indicating a faster rate. So this means either we brought a bigger hose, we increased the water flow rate, or we used two valves.

The downhill portion is when the pool is being emptied.

The flat parts are when the pool's water level is not changing. This is likely when the pool is filled to capacity. Of course, there's a buffer between the water level and the deck level, to avoid water spilling onto the deck (since water is going to be splashed and sloshed around).

All of these facts lead to choice B being the answer.

----------------------------

Extra info:

Choice A is false because the people in the pool will reduce the water level (splashing moves the water onto the deck) but this amount of water removed is very tiny compared to the massive volume of water in the pool. If choice A was true, then you'd need a hose to constantly be refilling the pool. Choice C is false because of the phrasing "immediately after the pool is filled to capacity". This choice of language directly means there wouldn't be any flat part of the graph. Instead we'd have a sharp decline just as we reached the peak. Choice D is false because of the fact it mentions the refill rate is the same as the initial fill rate. This is not true because the second increasing portion is steeper compared to the first increasing portion.

So we could effectively eliminate choices A, C and D to be left with B as our final answer.

Given that there are 100 centimeters in 1 meter, which of the following amounts is greater than 3 meters? Select all that apply.

A) 295 centimeters
B) 2 meters, 195 centimeters
C) 2 meters, 35 centimeters
D) 135 centimeters
E) 415 centimeters

Answers

Answer:

B, E

Step-by-step explanation:

3 meters is 300 centimeters so that eliminates A and D since they are lower and we know E is higher than 300

Now to find if B and C are higher since they both are 2 meters is we make 3 meters look like this it will be

2 meter 100 centimeters and b is the only one greater

Hopes this helps please mark brainliest

What is the slope of the line that passes through the points (3, 1) and (-2,5)?
A -5/4
B -4/5
C 4/5
D 5/4

Answers

I think the answer is D...hope this help

What is 20% of 75? Please answerr

Answers

Step-by-step explanation:

Answer: 20% of 75 is 15.

,....

15 because 75•.20=15

I need help with this question yeah i know i am spamming but i have to get this done or my mom will make me live with my dad!!!1!!!!!

I need help with this question yeah i know i am spamming but i have to get this done or my mom will make

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Your answer is 108!!! Brainliest plzzzzz!!!!

Ulse the standard normal distribution or the f-distribution to construct a 95% confidence interval for the population meare Justify your decion, il newter distribution can bo used, explain why. Interpret the results In a randorn sample of 46 people, the mean body mass index (BMI) was 27.2 and the standard devation was 6.0f. Which distribution should be used to construct the confidence interval? Choose the correct answer below. A. Use a 1-distribuition because the sample is random, the population is normal, and σ is uricnown 8. Use a normal distribution because the sample is random, the population is normal, and o is known. C. Use a nomal distribution because the sample is random, n≥30, and α is known. D. Use a t-distribution because the sample is random, n≥30, and σ is unknown. E. Neither a normal distribution nor a t-distribution can be used because either the sample is not random, of n < 30 , and the population a nat known to be normal.

Answers

We can be 95% confident that the true population mean BMI is between 25.368 and 29.032.

A 95% confidence interval for the population mean can be constructed using the t-distribution when the sample size is small (<30) or the population standard deviation is unknown.

In this case, we have a random sample of 46 people with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 27.2 and a standard deviation of 6.0.

Thus, we need to use the t-distribution to construct the confidence interval.

The formula for the confidence interval is as follows:

Upper limit of the confidence interval:27.2 + (2.013) (6.0/√46) = 29.032Lower limit of the confidence interval:27.2 - (2.013) (6.0/√46) = 25.368

Therefore, the 95% confidence interval for the population mean BMI is (25.368, 29.032).

This means that we can be 95% confident that the true population mean BMI is between 25.368 and 29.032.

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The circumference of a circle is 91.688 millimeters. what is the radius of the circle? use 3.14 for π. 29.2 mm 183.4 mm 14.6 mm 45.8 mm

Answers

Answer:

14.6mm

Step-by-step explanation:

The formula for finding the circumference of a circle is 2πr.

The circumference is 91.688 millimeters inorder to find the radius we have to do the opposite or inverse of multiplication which is division.

So we divide the circumference by 2 and pi which is 3.14 which will give us the radius

r = radius = 91.668 ÷ 3.14 ÷ 2 = 14.6

Answer: its c

Step-by-step explanation:

Need Math help ASAP

Need Math help ASAP

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Answer:

35 seconds

Step-by-step explanation:

At negative values he is inside the volcano,  when he reaches 0 he will be at the top of the volcano

At 35 seconds, the elevation is 0, so he is at the top of the volcano

What is 70,681 is word form.

Answers

Answer:

seventy and six hundred eighty-one thousandths

Answer:

seventy thousand six hundred eighty one.

Step-by-step explanation: that is your answer

7 th term and 14 th term of an Arithmetic sequence are 36 and 64 respectively , find the common difference and ,25th term

Answers

Answer:

(a) The common difference is 4

(b) The 25th term is 108

Step-by-step explanation:

Given

\(T_7 = 36\)

\(T_{14} = 64\)

Solving (a): The common difference

The nth term of an AP is:

\(T_n = a + (n -1)d\)

For the 7th term, we have:

\(36 = a + (7 -1)d\)

\(36 = a + 6d\)

For the 14th term, we have:

\(64 =a + (14 -1)d\)

\(64 =a + 13d\)

Subtract both equations

\(64 - 36 = a - a +13d-6d\)

\(28 = 7d\)

Divide by 7

\(d = 4\)

Solving (b): The 25th term

First, we calculate the first term (a)

The 7th term of the progression is:

\(36 = a + 6d\)

Substitute \(d = 4\)

\(36 = a + 6 * 4\)

\(36 = a + 24\)

Subtract 24

\(a = 36 -24\)

\(a = 12\)

The 25th term is:

\(T_{25} = a + (25 - 1)d\)

\(T_{25} = 12 + (25 - 1)*4\)

\(T_{25} = 12 + 24*4\)

\(T_{25} = 108\)

Write the sentence as an equation.

253 equals the product of 232 and k


Type a slash ( / ) if you want to use a division sign.

Answers

The solution to a given word problem by writing it as an equation is k = 253/232

Expressing word problems in mathematical forms:

The process of expressing word problems in mathematical forms takes a logical and chronological approach while taking the variables and arithmetic operations given into consideration.

From the given information, to express the word problem in mathematical form, we have:

253 = 232 × k253 = 232k

Making k the subject of the equation, we have:

k = 253/232

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Can someone help me with this factoring? I’ll give you points pls help. You found the greatest common factor, 6a. What factor is remaining?
6ax^2 + 6ax + 6a( )

Can someone help me with this factoring? Ill give you points pls help. You found the greatest common

Answers

Answer:

The answer to your problem is, 6a

How to find the GCF:

List the prime factors of each number.Circle every common prime factor — that is, every prime factor that’s a factor of every number in the set.Multiply all the circled numbers.The result is the GCF.

6a(x²+x+1)

Use that problem

The answer to your problem is, 6a

You wish to test the following claim ( H a ) at a significance level of α = 0.01 . H o : p = 0.2 H a : p > 0.2 You obtain a sample of size n = 123 in which there are 35 successful observations. For this test, you should use the (cumulative) binomial distribution to obtain an exact p-value. (Do not use the normal distribution as an approximation for the binomial distribution.) The p-value for this test is (assuming H o is true) the probability of observing... at most 35 successful observations at least 35 successful observations What is the p-value for this sample?

Answers

The p-value for this sample is the probability of observing at least 35 successful observations given that the null hypothesis is true. In this problem, the null hypothesis is that the probability of success (p) is equal to 0.2 and the alternative hypothesis is that the probability of success is greater than 0.2.

Therefore, this is a right-tailed test with a significance level of 0.01.The probability of observing at least 35 successful observations in a sample of size 123, assuming the null hypothesis is true, can be found by using the cumulative binomial distribution as follows:

\(P(X ≥ 35) = 1 - P(X ≤ 34)\)

where the summation is from k = 0 to 34. Using a binomial calculator, we get:

\(P(X ≤ 34) = 0.0007048589576853466\) Therefore,\(P(X ≥ 35) = 1 - P(X ≤ 34) = 1 - 0.0007048589576853466 = 0.9992951410423147\) The p-value is the probability of observing at least 35 successful observations given that the null hypothesis is true. Therefore, the p-value for this sample is 0.9992951410423147.

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how much further will the spring stretch if a 0.60 kg block is added to the 1.2 kg block?

Answers

The spring will stretch 1.5 times further when the 0.60 kg block is added to the 1.2 kg block.

To determine how much further the spring will stretch when a 0.60 kg block is added to the 1.2 kg block, we need to consider Hooke's Law, which states that the force exerted by a spring is directly proportional to the displacement from its equilibrium position.

Let's assume that the spring is initially stretched by a certain amount x when only the 1.2 kg block is attached. The force exerted by the spring is given by F = kx, where k is the spring constant.

When the 0.60 kg block is added, the total mass becomes 1.2 kg + 0.60 kg = 1.8 kg. The force exerted by the spring remains the same, but the total mass affects the acceleration of the system according to Newton's second law, F = ma.

Using F = ma, we can find the acceleration of the system: F = (1.8 kg)(9.8 m/s^2) = 17.64 N.

Since F = kx, we can rearrange the equation to find x: x = F/k.

Now, if we assume the spring constant k remains constant, the displacement x will increase by a factor of 1.8 kg/1.2 kg = 1.5.

Therefore, the spring will stretch 1.5 times further when the 0.60 kg block is added to the 1.2 kg block.

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Study the food web below and answer the following :
i. In the pyramid of numbers there is an increase in numbers towards the base. Mention a pyramid where the base will be smaller.
ii. Predict the impact of removing snakes from this food web

Study the food web below and answer the following :i. In the pyramid of numbers there is an increase

Answers

Answer:

predict the impact of removing snakes from this food web

is 1.205 greater or is 1.25 greater

Answers

Answer:

NO

Step-by-step explanation:

it is not bigger because the number is the same but the third digit is not the same and the five is greater than 0

During natural selection, organisms with harmful traits are less likely to successfully reproduce than organisms with beneficial traits. Neutral traits don’t improve or hurt an organism’s chances for survival. So, they tend to persist in populations when environmental conditions are stable. If the environment changes, neutral traits could become harmful or beneficial depending on the situation. In year 1, a population of rain forest plants has the following distribution: 50% have medium-tip leaves, 25% have wide-tip leaves, and 25% have drip-tip leaves. You will simulate three years of this population: year 1, year 5, and year 10. How will the trait distribution most likely change over this time?.

Answers

Natural selection can cause microevolution (change in allele frequencies), with fitness-increasing alleles becoming more common in the population.

Fitness is a measure of reproductive success (how many offspring an organism leaves in the next generation, relative to others in the group).

Natural selection can act on traits determined by alternative alleles of a single gene, or on polygenic traits (traits determined by many genes).

Natural selection

Natural selection on traits determined by multiple genes may take the form of stabilizing selection, directional selection, or disruptive selection.

All of these mechanisms can make a population evolve, or change its genetic makeup over generations.

But there's one mechanism of evolution that's a bit more famous than the others, and that's natural selection. What makes natural selection so special? Out of all the mechanisms of evolution, it's the only one that can consistently make populations adapted, or better-suited for their environment, over time.

You may have already seen natural selection as part of Darwin’s theory of evolution. In this article, we will dive deeper – in fact, deeper than Darwin himself could go. We will examine natural selection at the level of population genetics, in terms of allele, genotype, and phenotype frequencies.

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What is the estimate 20 9/11 divided by 6 19/20?
A) 147
B) 120
C) 4
D) 3

Answers

Answer:

D. 3

hope this helps

have a good day :)

Step-by-step explanation:

In the equation P = 1,000T/V, find the value of P when T = 32 and V = 800.

(And please explain it! Don't just answer.)

Answers

Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:

1. Substitute t and v

p=1000(32)/800

2. solve

p=32000/800

3.simplify

p=40

hope it helps, please mark as brainliest :)

(PLEASE HELP) the semester ends in a week I need help.

(PLEASE HELP) the semester ends in a week I need help.

Answers

Answer:

2.8

Step-by-step explanation:

This is because you can divide 2 by 3. Then multiply 4.2 by that number and that gets you your answer.

4.2 ÷ 3 = 1.4

1.4 times 2 = 2.8

What is the hardest metal
if you get it right I'll give you brainliest

Answers

Answer:

is tungtset i tink not sure bout

Step-by-step explanation:

mark me brainlest plz

Find the inverse of the function y = 3x - 4

Answers

4/3 or 1.3. hope this helps.

The sum of two numbers is 892. One of the numbers is 363. What is the other number?​

Answers

Answer:

529

Step-by-step explanation:

892=x+363.

We want to get x by itself so we know what it equals.

Because 363 is adding to x we subtract it to the other side.

892-363=529

529=x

So the other number is 529

The other number is 529.

What is an equation?

In mathematics, an equation is a formula that expresses the equality of two expressions, by connecting them with the equals sign =.

The sum of two numbers is 892.

Let the two unknown numbers be x and y.

Now, x+y=892

One of the numbers is 363.

x+363=892

x=892-363

x=529

Therefore, the other number is 529.

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Last month, a factory produced 880 television sets. This month, the same factory produced 1,210 television sets. The increase in production from last month to this month is

Answers

Answer:

330 television set

Step-by-step explanation:

Last month production = 880 television sets

This month production = 1,210 television sets

The increase in production from last month to this month = This month production - Last month production

= 1,210 - 880

= 330

The increase in production from last month to this month = 330 television set

As per linear equation, the increase in production of television of the factory is 330.

What is a linear equation?

A linear equation is an equation where the variable has the highest power of 1.

Given, a factory produced 880 television sets last month.

This month, the same factory produced 1,210 television sets.

Therefore, the increase in production of television of the factory is

\(= (1210-880)\\= 330\)

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