A spaceship is designed to support plant life for a multiyear voyage to the outer planets of the solar system. What wavelengths of light should be used in artificial lamps to maximize plant growth with a minimum of energy expenditure?
Answers
A mixture of blue and red light should be used in artificial lamps to maximize plant growth with a minimum of energy expenditure.
Blue light wavelengths, which range from 400 to 500 nm, are crucial for plant growth. Chlorophyll synthesis and energy conversion are directly linked to how blue light affects plants. Plants that receive enough blue light will grow robust, wholesome stems and leaves. Blue light also maintains plants' density and compactness as they grow, which is advantageous in enclosed areas with constrained space.
Red light wavelengths, which range from 600 to 700 nm, promote budding and flowering. Red light wavebands are regarded as one of the most crucial for photosynthesis and biomass growth, along with blue light. In order to achieve the greatest outcomes, balanced red and blue light is frequently used in indoor growth conditions.
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Related Questions
What makes water molecules polar?
A.The atoms of a water molecule have linear bonds and equal electronegativities
B. The ability to covalently bond to other water molecules and distribute equal sharing of electrons
C. The hydrogen atoms are slightly positive, and the oxygen atoms are slightly negative
D. The hydrogen atom of a water molecule has high electronegativity
Answers
Explanation: Water molecules that are polar are the ones that bond to each other. Hydrogen bonds are formed by hydrogen atoms that are positive and oxygen atoms that are negative.
Write a short report that differentiates contusion,
strain, sprain, and dislocation as they
relate to the musculoskeletal system
Answers
Contusion, strain, sprain, and dislocation are distinct musculoskeletal injuries characterized by specific features. A contusion involves tissue damage due to blunt force, while a strain refers to the stretching or tearing of muscles or tendons. Sprains occur when ligaments are stretched or torn, and dislocation involves the displacement of bones from their normal position within a joint.
1. Contusion: A contusion is a musculoskeletal injury resulting from direct trauma or impact to the body, leading to localized tissue damage. Commonly known as a bruise, contusions involve damage to blood vessels, causing bleeding and subsequent discoloration of the skin. Symptoms may include pain, swelling, and tenderness in the affected area.
2. Strain: A strain occurs when muscles or tendons are stretched beyond their normal range or subjected to excessive force. This can result in microscopic tears in the muscle fibers or tendons. Strains are commonly seen in activities involving sudden movements or overexertion and may present with symptoms such as pain, muscle weakness, and limited range of motion.
3. Sprain: A sprain refers to an injury to ligaments, which are strong bands of tissue that connect bones within a joint. Sprains typically occur when a joint is forced into an abnormal or excessive range of motion, causing stretching or tearing of the ligaments. Symptoms include pain, swelling, joint instability, and difficulty bearing weight.
4. Dislocation: Dislocation happens when the ends of bones in a joint are forced out of their normal alignment. This can occur due to trauma, such as a fall or direct impact, and commonly affects joints like the shoulder, finger, or hip. Dislocations often cause severe pain, deformity, swelling, and immobility of the affected joint.
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In an Antarctic pelagic community, the primary producers are phytoplankton, which serve as food for the dominant grazing zooplankton, especially krill and copepods, both of which are crustaceans.
These zooplankton species are in turn eaten by various carnivores, including other plankton, penguins, seals, fish, and baleen whales. Squids, which are carnivores that feed on fish and zooplankton, are another important link in these food webs, as they are in turn eaten by seals and toothed whales (Figure 1).
Figure 1: Arrows follow the transfer of food from the producers (phytoplankton) up through the trophic levels. For simplicity, this diagram omits decomposers.
Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) is an important source of food for whales, seals, squid, fish, and many species of birds. Its abundant biomass is one of the largest on Earth. Figure 2 compares the effects of krill harvesting on species richness within two small sections of the Antarctic region; one section was subject to krill harvesting and the other section was not.
Describe how the autotrophs facilitates the flow of energy through the Antarctic ecosystem. In the Antarctic pelagic community, there are three types of seals. The leopard seals eat birds, but the crabeater and elephant seals do not. Explain how the interactions between seals and other species may affect their food sources.
Identify the independent variable of the data graphed in Figure 2. Explain one way this variable is affecting the biodiversity of the Antarctic food web.
Analyze the change in species richness with or without krill harvesting. Predict how the removal of krill from the Antarctic ecosystem will affect its long-term structure.
Justify the claim that the Antarctic krill is a foundation species, not a keystone species. Provide evidence to support your claim.
Answers
Answer:
a) the autotrophs produce their own energy in their system and synthesize surrounding energy, which allows for the flow of energy as they are the primary producers at the bottom of the food web shown in figure 1 who transfer and facilitate their energy when they are consumed by the organisms in higher levels. This facilitation of energy continues where the population of these autotrophs is stable and the cycle of consumption and synthesis of energy from one trophic level to another and there is a diverse amount of energy distributed in the ecosystem. The leopard and Elephant seals have a similar food preference which may cause competition for resources in the ecosystem between the two more than that of the crabeater seal as they rely solely on krill in the ecosystem to survive. If there was more competition for the krill or a decrease in population, their population is sure to suffer as well.
b) The year is independent of the number of species in the data graphed. This variable affects the biodiversity in the food web where we witness the number of species (hundreds) likely to witness an increase over time when krill are harvested and a decrease in the number of species without krill harvesting. This, in turn, may prove that krill is a keystone species crucial in the food web and ecosystem where the antarctic krill population's presence will influence the number of species as well.
c) The changes in species richness with krill harvesting, as per mentioned, will show an increase in species number as the krill's energy is transferred throughout the ecosystem by consumption, as implied in the food web. The changes in species richness with a lack of krill harvesting, or some organisms unable to consume the energy of the krill, was shown to have a decrease in species # over the years. This will affect the long term structure of the ecosystem as the organisms who rely on krill and even those in the trophic levels which rely on species who consume krill will drop dramatically, and the lowering of the number of organisms in a keystone species will cause a decrease in speciation of the ecosystem (possibly quite rapidly due to the dependence we witness on it) as well as a disruption in the energy flow.
d) we can affirm that the krill are in fact not a foundation species, but a keystone species as they show no specific traits of facilitating the populations of the species in the ecosystem, and don't appear to benefit other species in the ways foundation species do (ie. they are autotrophs and cannot provide shelter for other species, but we can also say that they are the sole energy producers for the crabeater seals, which can be a trait of a foundation species)- instead exhibiting the traits of a keystone species as they produce an abundance of energy in the ecosystem and the removal of them (as shown in figure 2), causes a population decrease all around.
Explanation:
ur welcome i just did this myself so pls paraphrase as much as u can also like a bit of an explanation its kinda obvious from the chart that they all rely on the krill and stuff so removing it (or not harvesting or something) would be bad. again pls paraphrase as much as u can and good luck
Why would the atomic number be better to identify an element than the atomic mass?
Answers
Answer:
because the atomic number tells you how many protons and neutrons there are
Explanation:
11) as a stimulus rotates, neurons in the visual cortex increase and decrease their firing. when a specific neuron reaches peak firing, the stimulus must be in which type of orientation for that neuron?
Answers
Answer: At the point when a particular neuron in the visual cortex arrives at top terminating, the boost should be situated in the neuron's fevered direction.
Explanation: Orientation Selectivity: Neurons in the visual cortex are direction particular, and that implies they answer explicitly to visual boosts with explicit directions. Every neuron has a favored direction, which is the direction of the boost that gets the best reaction from that neuron.
Peak Firing: The terminating pace of neurons in the visual cortex increments and diminishes as the boost pivots. At the point when a neuron arrives at its most extreme terminating rate, it demonstrates that the upgrade is situated in the neuron's favored bearing. At the end of the day, the upgrade's direction relates to the direction to which the neuron is generally responsive.
Tuning Curve: A tuning curve is utilized to address the connection between boost direction and brain reaction. The tuning curve portrays the terminating pace of a neuron at different upgrade directions. The favored direction relates to the pinnacle of the tuning curve, where the neuron has the most noteworthy terminating rate.
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Which statement explains why oxygen molecules easily diffuse across a cell
membrane while DNA molecules do not?
A. Oxygen molecules are more useful to a cell than are DNA
molecules.
O B. DNA molecules contain carbon atoms, while oxygen molecules
have only oxygen atoms.
C. Oxygen molecules are very small, while DNA molecules are very
large.
D. DNA molecules have phosphate groups that the cell membrane
repels.
Answers
Answer:
C.
Oxygen molecules are very small, while DNA molecules are very large.
PLEASE SOMEONE HELP THIS IS DUE TODAY
Answers
Photolysis refers to a chemical process in which a compound is broken down or decomposed by light energy. The word "photolysis" comes from the Greek words "photo" meaning "light" and "lysis" meaning "to break apart" or "to split."
In photolysis, the absorption of light energy by a compound leads to the rupture of chemical bonds within that compound, resulting in the formation of smaller molecules, atoms, or free radicals. The energy provided by the light photon enables the reactant molecules to overcome the activation energy barrier required for the bond-breaking process.
Overall, photolysis is a fundamental process that occurs when light energy interacts with certain molecules, leading to the breaking of chemical bonds and the formation of new chemical species.
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What gives your characteristics?
A. RNA and carbohydrates
B. DNA and Proteins
C. Biological catalysts
Answers
Answer:
B. DNA and Proteins
Explanation:
mark brainliest
Answer:
What gives your characteristics? DNA and Proteins.
Explanation:
Have a great summer.
Someone plz help me! ☺️
Answers
Which statements best describe the role of glucagon and insulin in this scenario
Answers
Where is the nucleus of an atom found and what does it contain?
Answers
The nucleus is in the center of the atom and it contains protons and neutrons.
Answer:
An atom is composed of two regions: the nucleus, which is in the center of the atom and contains protons and neutrons, and the outer region of the atom, which holds its electrons in orbit around the nucleus.
Hope this helps...
How do plant hormones affect to our health?
Answers
Answer:
Pathogen-derived plant hormones, such as auxins and CKs, participate in tumor induction in plants. Plant hormone compounds impact on the human cell cycle and cell viability [22,23], and thus when ingested through food or produced by microbes they could influence cancer development in animals [24].
Explanation:
(Not sure if this is what you wanted but it’s what I found!!!)
Can someone briefly explain what I need to do to calculate my VO2 max? Thank you
Answers
Answer:Although VO2 max is a good marker of fitness, it does present some downfalls. You can't really get an accurate measure .
Explanation:So, one way to determine your max VO2 pace is to warm up, then run for 8 minutes at the maximum intensity level you can sustain for 8 minutes. If, for simplicity's sake, you ran one mile, then your VO2 max training pace is 8 minutes/mile.
Could someone help me out with this question please?
Answers
The available hydrogen bond donors and acceptors of guanine and cytosine pair with one another in space to form a nitrogenous base pair.
Define guanine.One of the four nucleotide bases in DNA, along with adenine (A), cytosine (C), and thymine, is guanine (G) (T). Guanine nucleotides on one strand pair with cytosine bases on the other strand in a double-stranded DNA molecule. Information in DNA is encoded by the four nucleotide bases' order.
Define cytosine.Along with adenine, guanine, and thymine, cytosine is one of the four nucleobases that can be found in DNA and RNA. It is a pyrimidine derivative with two attached substituents and a heterocyclic aromatic ring. Cytidine is the nucleoside of cytosine. It creates three hydrogen bonds with guanine during the Watson-Crick base pairing process.
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Why are NADH and FADH2 necessities in the electron transport chain?
They power the electron transport chain.
They remove electrons from the electron transport chain.
They move down the electron transport chain.
They move electrons to the electron transport chain.
Answers
Answer:
D). They move electrons to the electron transport chain.
Explanation: Just took the quiz
NADH and FADH₂ are necessities in the electron transport chain because: They move electrons to the electron transport chain. (Option D)
NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and FADH₂ (flavin adenine dinucleotide) are molecules that play a crucial role in the electron transport chain (ETC) of cellular respiration. These molecules are electron carriers that are generated during earlier stages of cellular respiration, such as glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
In the electron transport chain, NADH and FADH₂ donate the electrons they have gained from the breakdown of glucose and other molecules. These high-energy electrons are then passed along a series of protein complexes embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. As the electrons move through these protein complexes, their energy is used to pump protons (H+ ions) across the inner mitochondrial membrane, creating a proton gradient.
The proton gradient generated by the movement of electrons is used to drive the enzyme ATP synthase, which synthesizes ATP (adenosine triphosphate) from ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate. This process is known as oxidative phosphorylation.
In summary, NADH and FADH₂ are essential in the electron transport chain because they provide the high-energy electrons needed to establish the proton gradient, which ultimately powers the synthesis of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
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The quiver tree grows in desert areas in southern Africa. In recent decades average
temperatures have been rising in southern Africa. Scientists predict that this
warming trend will continue. Quiver trees in the hottest parts of their range near
the equator are dying, but quiver trees at high elevations or in parts of the range
that are farther from the equator are growing and reproducing.
which of these best explains what is happening to the quiver tree population in southern africa oop
Answers
Answer: A- Individual quiver trees are unable to adjust to the rising temperatures, and only those in cooler parts of the range will survive
Explanation: the ones that are farther away from the equator are in the coolest parts, but the ones close to it decrease because of them being close to the equator and the heat.
The plants that are found in the quiver tree's cooler climate have a tendency to develop, but they are unable to adapt to the warmer climate.
What is the effect of climate on trees?Some plants reproduce in the warmer regions of the world, like the quiver tree near the equator, where they live and develop. However, after a certain point, they are unable to reproduce because the enzymes are ineffective.
These quiver trees prefer to develop farther from the equator because the cooler temperatures there offer the best conditions for growth.
In light of this, the quiver tree explains why plants that are present in the cooler climate tend to grow but cannot adapt to the more warm-weathered climate.
Therefore, they are unable to adapt to the warmer climate.
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Which of the following statements relates to the cell theory?
I All non-living things are composed of cells
II All cells come from other cells
III Cells have similar functions
IV The cell is the basic unit of structure in all organisms
Answers
Answer:
IV The cell is the basic unit of structure in all organisms
Explanation:
A volcanic eruption covers a region with lava that later cools to rock. This eruption destroys the biodiversity of the ecosystem. Which two outcomes are consequences of this event?
Answers
A volcanic eruption that covers a region with lava and destroys the biodiversity of the ecosystem can have the following two consequences:
A. A very long period of time will pass before a new ecosystem can be established: The volcanic eruption can completely destroy the existing ecosystem, leaving a barren landscape. The lava may take a very long time to cool and solidify, and the process of weathering and soil formation that is necessary for new plants to grow can be slow. Therefore, it may take many years or even centuries for a new ecosystem to establish itself.
D. The ecosystem must now undergo primary succession: Primary succession is the process of colonization and establishment of plants and animals in an area that was previously barren, such as the area covered by lava in the case of a volcanic eruption. Since the existing ecosystem has been completely destroyed, the area will need to undergo primary succession for new plants and animals to establish themselves. This process can be slow and may take many years or decades, depending on the conditions of the environment and the availability of resources.
where is epithelium tissue located
Answers
Answer:
Epithelial tissues line the outer surfaces of organs and blood vessels throughout the body, as well as the inner surfaces of cavities in many internal organs. An example is the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin.
- Wikipedia
Answer:
Epithelial tissues are widespread throughout the body.
Explanation:
they are major tissue located inglands
(Brainlest) What might occur if a cell entered mitosis without completing the s stage of interphase?
Answers
Answer:
i think it is B .
Answer:The answer is D, because there would not be enough DNA, and that could lead to self-destruction, B is wrong
Describe the type of plate movement that is occurring where subduction zone volcanoes are found.
Answers
Answer:
Convergent boundary
Explanation:
It's when the plates move together and subduction occurs when one plate moves underneath another on a convergent boundary. Volcanoes are found there.
P.S. Brainliest, please?
process of arresting cell growth to prevent more than a monolayer of cells being developed is maintained in normal cells but lost in cancer cells is called
Answers
The process of arresting cell growth to prevent more than a monolayer of cells being developed is maintained in normal cells but lost in cancer cells is called "contact inhibition."
Contact inhibition is a phenomenon where normal cells stop dividing and growing when they come into contact with neighboring cells. This mechanism ensures that cells do not overcrowd and form multiple layers, which is essential for maintaining tissue organization and preventing uncontrolled cell growth. In contrast, cancer cells lose this ability and continue to divide and grow even when in contact with other cells, leading to the formation of tumors. The process of arresting cell growth to prevent more than a monolayer of cells being developed is maintained in normal cells but lost in cancer cells is called "contact inhibition." Contact inhibition is a fundamental mechanism in normal cell growth regulation. When normal cells come into contact with neighboring cells, they undergo a series of signaling events that ultimately lead to cell cycle arrest and inhibition of further growth.
In contrast, cancer cells exhibit a loss of contact inhibition. They are unable to respond to contact with neighboring cells and continue to divide and grow even when in close proximity to other cells. This loss of contact inhibition contributes to the formation of tumors, as cancer cells can accumulate and pile up on top of each other, forming multiple layers. The uncontrolled growth and proliferation of cancer cells can lead to the invasion of nearby tissues and the spread of cancer to other parts of the body. Understanding the mechanisms behind contact inhibition and its loss in cancer cells is important for developing strategies to target and treat cancer. Researchers are actively studying the molecular pathways involved in contact inhibition and exploring ways to restore this process in cancer cells as a potential therapeutic approach.
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If something is 12 grams and has a volume of 1.6 cubic centimeters, how many grams per cubic centimeter.
Answers
Answer: 7.5 grams per cubic centimeter.
Explanation:
We area given that , Mass of something is 12 grams
Volume of that thing is 1.6 cubic centimeters
To find gram per cubic centimeters, we will divide Mass by Volume ( which computes Density)
Number of gram per cubic centimeters = \(\dfrac{12}{1.6}\)
Number of gram per cubic centimeters = 7.5
Therefore, 7.5 grams per cubic centimeter. (density of the thing)
mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own dna which is very similar in size and character to the dna of___
Answers
Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own DNA, which is very similar in size and character to the DNA of bacteria.
The presence of DNA in mitochondria and chloroplasts is due to the endosymbiotic theory, which proposes that these organelles were once free-living bacteria that were engulfed by eukaryotic cells and eventually evolved into mitochondria and chloroplasts. This theory is supported by several lines of evidence, including the fact that mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own circular DNA, reproduce independently of the cell, and have a similar size and character to bacterial DNA. In addition, both organelles have a double membrane, with the inner membrane showing similarities to the plasma membrane of bacteria. Thus, the DNA in mitochondria and chloroplasts is believed to be a remnant of the ancestral bacterial genome.
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in wall-e what are the humans directed to do when the pod (eve) containing the plant reaches the axiom
(ecology lesson)
Answers
In the "ecology lesson" sequence of the movie "Wall-E," when the pod carrying the plant arrives at the Axiom, the humans are instructed to assemble and pay attention to the live broadcast being sent.
The "Directive A-113" is started by the Axiom's commander, commander McCrea, and causes a holographic projection to teach and educate people about the state of the Earth and the necessity to reestablish its ecological balance.
Images and movies of the planet Earth before it was badly polluted and unusable are displayed to the humans during the ecology class.
They are told to pay close attention to the information being given and comprehend the significance of the plant that EVE (the pod) has brought.
This scene is used in the film "Wall-E" to emphasise the concept of environmental conservation, stressing the negative effects of human carelessness and the possibility of redemption through ethical behaviour and planetary preservation.
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coat color in rabbits is inherited by multiple alleles for a single gene. would it be possible to obtain a white rabbit if one parent is white and the other is himalayan? yes, if the genotype of the himalayan parent rabbit is chc. yes, if the genotype of the himalayan parent rabbit is chch. no, because the ch allele is dominant to the c allele. no, because the c allele is dominant to the ch allele.
Answers
Yes, it is possible to obtain a white rabbit if one parent is white and the other is Himalayan and the genotype of the Himalayan parent rabbit is \(C{h}\)c. This is because the \(C{h}\) allele is dominant to the c allele, and the white rabbit has two C alleles.
When a Himalayan rabbit is heterozygous (\(C{h}\)c) for the coat color gene, the allele combination is expressed as a Himalayan rabbit, but the genotype is a mix of the dominant \(C{h}\) allele and the recessive c allele. This means that the heterozygous rabbit carries the recessive c allele, which can be passed on to its offspring.
If the white rabbit is homozygous (cc) for the coat color gene, and the Himalayan rabbit is heterozygous (\(C{h}\)c), then there is a 50% chance that the offspring will have a genotype of \(C{h}\)c and be a Himalayan rabbit and a 50% chance that the offspring will have a genotype of cc and be a white rabbit.
This is because the \(C{h}\) allele is dominant to the c allele, so the heterozygous genotype will always be expressed as Himalayan, but the recessive c allele can be passed on to the offspring.
Therefore, it is possible to obtain a white rabbit if one parent is white and the other is Himalayan, as long as the genotype of the Himalayan parent rabbit is \(C{h}\)c.
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Which recombination frequency corresponds to independent assortment and the absence of linkage?a. 0b. 0.25c. 0.50d. 0.75
Answers
A recombination frequency of 0.50 indicates that the genes are assorting independently and are not linked.
The recombination frequency that corresponds to independent assortment and the absence of linkage is 0.50, or 50%. This means that the genes being studied are located on different chromosomes or are far enough apart on the same chromosome that they are likely to undergo recombination during meiosis. When genes are located close together on the same chromosome, they are said to be linked and the recombination frequency will be lower than 50%. This is because they are less likely to be separated by crossing over during meiosis. However, if genes are located on different chromosomes, they are said to assort independently and the recombination frequency will be close to 50%. This is because there is an equal chance of each chromosome being passed on to the offspring. In summary, a recombination frequency of 0.50 indicates that the genes are assorting independently and are not linked.
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Why might a plant cell need to have a bigger vacuole than an animal cell?
Answers
Answer:
A plant cell might need a bigger vacuole than an animal cell because when a plant has stopped growing, there is usually one very large vacuole, sometimes taking up more than half of the cell’s volume; plants have a large sized vacuoles because it also provides turgidity and rigidity to the plant.
Which statement about scientific theories is true?
• A. Scientific theories prevent new questions from being asked.
B. Scientific theories are
always unreliable.
• C. Scientific theories can never be proven wrong.
D. Scientific theories can be rejected as a result of
evidence.
new, reliable
SUBMIT
Answers
D. scientific theories can be rejected as a result of new, reliable evidence.
Option D is correct.
The scientific method does not always lead to a scientific theory; theories, like hypotheses, are subject to justification or rejection. As more information is gathered, theories can be revised or changed, increasing the forecast's accuracy over time.
The development of scientific knowledge and the application of amassed information are based on theories. In order to create new technologies or discover a cure for a sickness, scientists employ hypotheses.
Therefore, it is correct that "Scientific theories provide an explanation of phenomena based on empirical evidence, logic, and discussion."
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Most gas exchange with blood vessels occurs across the walls of the structure indicated by the letter ___. A.nasal passage B. esophagus C. primary bronchus D. bronchial tube E. alveoli
Answers
The structure indicated by the letter for most gas exchange with blood vessels is E. alveoli. The alveoli are small, balloon-like air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place between the air in the lungs and the blood in nearby capillaries.
The alveoli are small, thin-walled sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs. Oxygen from the air we breathe diffuses through the walls of the alveoli and into the bloodstream, while carbon dioxide from the bloodstream diffuses through the alveoli walls and into the air in the lungs to be exhaled. The walls of the alveoli are very thin, allowing for efficient gas exchange between the air in the lungs and the bloodstream. This process is crucial for maintaining adequate levels of oxygen in the body and removing excess carbon dioxide.
Therefore, the correct option is E.
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