Answer:
Some of the qualities of the installed memory which HWiNFO can reveal are:
Date of manufactureMemory type Speed of memoryExplanation:
HWiNFO is an open-source systems information app/tool which Windows users can utilize as they best wish. It helps to detect information about the make-up of computers especially hardware.
If you used HWiNFO to diagnose the memory, the following information will be called up:
the total size of the memory and its current performance settingsthe size of each module, its manufacturer, and model Date of manufactureMemory type Speed of memorysupported burst lengths and module timings, write recovery time etc.Cheers
> 17. Select two web addresses that use common domain names. Then, click Next.
spoonflower.dotcom
www.pbs.org
d.umn.edu
www.hhs.fed
Two web addresses that use common domain names are spoonflower.com and www.pbs.org.
Spoonflower is a website that allows users to design and print their own fabric, wallpaper, and gift wrap. The site uses the .com domain name, which is a common domain name for commercial websites.
PBS, on the other hand, is a public broadcasting service that offers news, educational programs, and entertainment. The site uses the .org domain name, which is a common domain name for non-profit organizations. Both of these websites have a large online presence and attract a wide audience due to the nature of their services.
While their domain names differ, they are both easy to remember and recognizable to users. Having a strong domain name is essential for any website as it serves as a digital identity that is used to represent the brand. By using a common domain name, these websites are able to establish their online presence and build trust with their audience.
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what is an operating system
An operating system (OS) is a system software program that operates, manages, and controls the computer's hardware and software resources. The OS establishes a connection between the computer hardware, application programs, and the user.
Its primary function is to provide a user interface and an environment in which users can interact with their machines. The OS also manages the storage, memory, and processing power of the computer, and provides services like security and network connectivity.
Examples of popular operating systems are Windows, macOS, Linux, iOS, and Android. These OSs have different user interfaces and feature sets, but they all perform the same essential functions. The OS is a fundamental component of a computer system and is responsible for ensuring the computer hardware operates efficiently and correctly.
The OS performs several key tasks, including:
1. Memory management: Allocating memory to applications as they run, and releasing it when the application closes.
2. Processor management: Allocating processor time to different applications and processes.
3. Device management: Controlling input/output devices such as printers, scanners, and other peripherals.
4. Security: Protecting the computer from malware, viruses, and other threats.
5. User interface: Providing a graphical user interface that enables users to interact with their machine.
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SLA:
1. What is the definition of an SLA?
2. Can you explain this definition in your own words?
3. How does this relate to the IT industry?
4. Can you give an example of an SLA?
Decommission:
1. What is the definition of decommission?
2. Can you explain this definition in your own words?
3. How does this relate to the IT industry?
4. Can you give two reason why we must decommission our computer hardware components?
Plastic and metal:
1. How long does it take plastic to decompose?
2. How long does it take metal to decompose?
Quick answer:
1. What are the physical parts of the computer called?
a. Software
b. Hardware
2. The CPU is a hardware component – True or False.
a. True
b. False
3. The operating system (OS) is a hardware component – True or False.
a. True
b. False
4. Which of these is a REASON for installing hardware components?
a. Upgrade
b. Decommissioning
c. Health and Safety
5. Which of these is NOT a reason to install hardware components
a. Decommissioning
b. Upgrade
c. Fault Repair
d. Maintenance
6. Finding a fixing a broken component is called...
a. Upgrade
b. Fault Repair
c. Routine Maintenance
7. Replacing a hardware component with an improved version is called an...
a. Upgrade
b. Routine Maintenance
c. Fault repair
8. Physically cleaning the computer is called...
a. Upgrade
b. Routine Maintenance
c. Fault repair
9. SLA stands for..
a. Service Level Agreement
b. Standard Level Agreement
10. Should you decommission your old computer and hardware components?
a. True
b. False
Answer:
Objective
1 . b
2.a
3.b
4.a
5.a
6.b
7.a
8.b
9.a
10.a
Data Privacy may not be applicable in which of the following scenarios?
Answer:
A platform being hosted in a country with no DP laws but targeted at data subjects from a country with stringent laws.
Explanation:
No Data Privacy laws mean that there is a high likelihood of data being leaked to various third parties and unwanted websites.
Countries with stringent laws like China have a government that wants full control over the data of their people and the transaction of data from each of them in order to better monitor them.
Discussion Topic
Music exists across the world. It acts as a universal language. Can you see yourself
working in some sort of musical career? How might music influence your career path?
Consider other people you know, as well, from family members to friends. Can you see
any of them entering the music business? How might this business benefit each of
these people? If any of them came to you with an interest in the music business, how
would you guide them, given what you now know about music and the music business?
What personality types would do the best in the music business?
bills is replacing a worn-cut cable to his power table saw.what type of cable is he most likely using ?
A.PSC
B.SO
C.CS
D.HPD
Bill is replacing a worn-cut cable for his power table saw. is using is A. PSC (Portable Cord).
What is the bills?Working with frayed cables can be dangerous and may act as a form of a risk of electric shock or other hazards. To make a safe and successful cable replacement, there are some general steps Bill can follow.
A is the most probable type of cable he is utilizing from the provided choices. A type of cord that can be easily carried or moved around. Flexible and durable, portable cords are frequently utilized for portable power tools and equipment.
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Write a program that uses an initializer list to store the following set of numbers in a list named nums. Then, print the first and last element of the list.
56 25 -28 -5 11 -6
Sample Run
56
-6
please help urgent
Answer:
my_list = list([56, 25, -28, -5, 11, -6])
print(my_list[0])
print(my_list[-1])
Explanation:
python lists start at index 0.
if you want the first element, listname[0];
the second element listname[1];
and if you put a minus, it reads the list from finish to start.
last element is [-1], second to last element is [-2] and so on.
What feature would you use to enhance a text box? Shape Styles, Adjust slide layout, Insert new format, or Add-ons?
Answer:
I believe add-ons are used for that
Explanation:
Your friend really likes talking about owls. Write a function owl_count that takes a block of text and counts how many words they say have word “owl” in them. Any word with “owl” in it should count, so “owls,” “owlette,” and “howl” should all count.
Here’s what an example run of your program might look like:
text = "I really like owls. Did you know that an owl's eyes are more than twice as big as the eyes of other birds of comparable weight? And that when an owl partially closes its eyes during the day, it is just blocking out light? Sometimes I wish I could be an owl."
owl_count(text)
# => 4
Hints
You will need to use the split method!
Here is what I have so far, it doesn not like count = 0 and i keep getting an error.
def owl_count(text):
count = 0
word = 'owl'
text = text.lower()
owlist = list(text.split())
count = text.count(word)
text = "I really like owls. Did you know that an owl's eyes are more than twice as big as the eyes of other birds of comparable weight? And that when an owl partially closes its eyes during the day, it is just blocking out light? Sometimes I wish I could be an owl."
print (count)
In this exercise we have to use the knowledge of computational language in python, so we find the code like:
The code can be found attached.
So let's write a code that will be a recognition function, like this:
def owl_count(text):"I really like owls. Did you know that an owls eyes are more than twice as big as the eyes of other birds of comparable weight?"
word = "owl"
texts = text.lower()
owlist = list(texts.split())
count = text.count(word)
num = [owlist, count] #num has no meaning just random var
print(num)
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How can knowledge management systems help an organization increase profits and reduce costs?
Answer:
A powerful knowledge management system will allow you to organise product information. Not only this, but it should also help customers and employees access these details easily. ... Having good knowledge management and sharing practices can boost productivity and cut expenses in different areas.Jun 14, 2019
In Java, write multiple if statements: If carYear is before 1967, print "Probably has few safety features." (without quotes). If after 1970, print "Probably has head rests.". If after 1991, print "Probably has electronic stability control.". If after 2002, print "Probably has airbags.". End each phrase with period and newline. Ex: carYear = 1995 prints:
Probably has head rests.
Probably has anti-lock brakes.
import java.util.Scanner;
public class SafetyFeatures {
public static void main (String [] args) {
int carYear;
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
carYear = input.nextInt();
/* Your code goes here */
}
}
In programming, if statements are effectively utilized in order to make decisions they are also known as conditional statements. In Python, the syntax of an if statement is as follows:
if (condition) followed by the statement;What is the significance of multiple if statements?The significance of multiple if statements is to evaluate more than one condition and return different values depending on the results. you'd use an IF formula to test your condition and return one value if the condition is met, and another value if the condition is not met.
The multiple if statements written in Python are as follows:
if carYear < 1967:print("Probably has few safety features.\n")
if carYear > 1971:print("Probably has head rests.\n")
if carYear > 1992:print("Probably has anti-lock brakes.\n")
if carYear > 2002:print("Probably has tire-pressure monitor.\n")
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How many outcomes are possible in this control structure?
forever
if
is A button pressed then
set background image to
else
set background image to
Answer:
In the given control structure, there are two possible outcomes:
1) If the condition "Is A button pressed?" evaluates to true, then the background image will be set to a specific value.
2) If the condition "Is A button pressed?" evaluates to false, then the background image will be set to another value.
Therefore, there are two possible outcomes in this control structure.
Hope this helps!
For each of the following, write C++ statements that perform the specified task. Assume the unsigned integer array will be located at 1002500 in memory when the array is declared. An unsigned integer occupies four bytes. The data type of unsigned integer is unsigned. Use the constant integer variable size that is initialized to value 5 to represent the size of the array. The very first element of the array is the 0th element.
Answer:
The answer is given as below.
Explanation
As the complete question is not given, the complete question is found online and is attached here with.
a)
int values[SIZE] = {2,4,6,8,10};
b)
int *aPtr;
c)
for(i=0;i<SIZE;i++)
printf("%d", values[i]);
d)
aPtr=values;
aPtr=&values[0];
e)
for(i=0;i<SIZE;i++)
printf("%d", *(aPtr+i));
f)
for(i=0;i<SIZE;i++)
printf("%d", *(values+i));
g)
for(i=0;i<SIZE;i++)
printf("%d\n", aPtr[i]);
h)
array subscript notation: values[3]
pointer/offset notation: *(values +3)
pointer subscript notation: aPtr[3]
pointer/offset notation: *(aPtr + 3)
i)
1002512 is the address is referenced by aPtr + 3 and 8 is the value stored at that location.
j)
1002500 is the address referenced by aPtr -= 2 and 2 is stored at that location.
explain the structure of c program with example
Answer:
A C program typically consists of a number of components, including preprocessor directives, function prototypes, global variables, functions, and a main function.
Explanation:
Here's an explanation of each component, followed by an example C program that demonstrates their usage:
Preprocessor Directives: Preprocessor directives are instructions to the C preprocessor, which processes the source code before compilation. They usually start with a '#' symbol. Some common directives are #include for including header files and #define for defining constants.
Function Prototypes: Function prototypes provide a declaration of functions that will be used in the program. They specify the function's name, return type, and the types of its parameters.
Global Variables: Global variables are variables that can be accessed by any function in the program. They are usually defined outside of any function.
Functions: Functions are blocks of code that can be called by name to perform specific tasks. They can accept input parameters and return a value. Functions are generally declared before the main function.
Main Function: The main function is the entry point of the program. It's where the execution starts and ends. It has a return type of int and typically takes command-line arguments via two parameters: argc (argument count) and argv (argument vector).
Here's an example C program that demonstrates the structure:
// Preprocessor directives
#include <stdio.h>
// Function prototypes
void print_hello_world(void);
// Global variable
int global_var = 10;
// Functions
void print_hello_world(void) {
printf("Hello, World!\n");
}
// Main function
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
// Local variable
int local_var = 20;
printf("Global variable value: %d\n", global_var);
printf("Local variable value: %d\n", local_var);
print_hello_world();
return 0;
}
This simple C program demonstrates the use of preprocessor directives, a function prototype, a global variable, a function, and the main function. When run, it prints the values of a global and a local variable, followed by "Hello, World!".
An Inspect and Adapt (I&A) event is occurring and a program is trying to address a long-existing problem (WIP)?"unreliable Program Increment (PI) commitments. One of the participants suggests that they are working on too many things at one time. What aspect Of the program causes uncontrollable amounts of work in process
Teams do not do a good job of task.switching
Stories are too small
Items in the program Backlog are large chunks Of work at different layers Of the System instead Of true Features
All program teams are cross-functional so every team creates work in multiple areas at the same time
The aspect Of the program that causes uncontrollable amounts of work in process is that Teams do not do a good job of task switching.
What is task switching?Task switching or task interleaving is known to often take place if a task is voluntarily or involuntarily stopped so as to listen to another task.
In the case above, The aspect Of the program that causes uncontrollable amounts of work in process is that Teams do not do a good job of task switching.
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Which of the following describes the phishing
of it up information security crime
Pretending to be someone else when asking for information
What is phishing?A method wherein the criminal poses as a reliable person or respectable company in order to solicit sensitive information, such as bank account details, through email or website fraud.
Attackers create phony emails that contain harmful links. Once the victim clicks the link and enters their credentials, the attacker can use those credentials to gain illegal access. Consequently, the victim is phished.
Phishing is a dishonest method of obtaining sensitive information by posing as a reliable organization. Similar to any other form of fraud, the offender can do a great deal of harm, especially if the threat continues for a long time.
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Without using parentheses, enter a formula in C4 that determines projected take home pay. The value in C4, adding the value in C4 multiplied by D4, then subtracting E4.
HELP!
Parentheses, which are heavy punctuation, tend to make reading prose slower. Additionally, they briefly divert the reader from the core idea and grammatical consistency of the sentence.
What are the effect of Without using parentheses?When a function is called within parenthesis, it is executed and the result is returned to the callable. In another instance, a function reference rather than the actual function is passed to the callable when we call a function without parenthesis.
Therefore, The information inserted between parenthesis, known as parenthetical material, may consist of a single word, a sentence fragment, or several whole phrases.
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a. How many new processes are created in the below program assuming call
s to fork succeeds?
int main(void) {
fork();
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
{
printf("Hello World: %d\n", pid);
}
return 0;}
The program uses an undefined variable, 'pid', in the printf instruction, which could lead to unpredictable behavior or failures. The program might not run as intended if "pid" is not properly defined.
In the program below, how many new processes are started if the fork calls are successful?How many new processes are started by the program below, assuming that the fork calls are successful. 7 (8 counting the initial process) (8 including the original process). The loop will continue to run where the parent process left off for newly forked processes. How can C print?
When a process calls three fork systems, how many child processes are produced?Formula: The number of new (child) processes created with n fork system calls is 2n - 1. Explanation: There are 3 forks here.
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We would like the set of points given in the following figure into 1D space. The set of points has been
generated using this instruction [X, y = make_moons(n_samples = 100)], where X are the 2D features
and y are the labels(blue or red).
How to do that while keeping separable data point with linear classification? Give the
mathematics and the full algorithm.
How to apply the SVM algorithm on this data without dimension reduction? Give the
mathematics and full algorithm.
One way to project the 2D data points onto a 1D space while preserving linear separability is through the use of a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) technique. LDA finds the linear combination of the original features that maximizes the separation between the different classes.
What is the mathematics in SVM algorithm?The mathematics behind LDA involve finding the eigenvectors of the within-class scatter matrix and the between-class scatter matrix and selecting the eigenvector that corresponds to the largest eigenvalue. The full algorithm for LDA can be outlined as follows:
Compute the mean vectors for each class
Compute the within-class scatter matrix (SW) and the between-class scatter matrix (SB)Compute the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the matrix (SW⁻¹SB)Select the eigenvector that corresponds to the largest eigenvalue as the linear discriminantProject the original data onto the new 1D space using the linear discriminantRegarding the SVM algorithm, it can be applied directly to the original 2D data without the need for dimension reduction. The mathematics behind SVM involve finding the hyperplane that maximizes the margin, or the distance between the closest data points of each class, while also ensuring that the data points are correctly classified.
The full algorithm for SVM can be outlined as follows:
Select a kernel function (e.g. linear, polynomial, radial basis function)Train the model by solving the optimization problem that maximizes the marginUse the trained model to classify new data points by finding the hyperplane that separates the different classesIt is important to note that, in case of non-linearly separable data, SVM algorithm uses the kernel trick to map the original data into a higher dimensional space, where the data is linearly separable.Learn more about algorithm from
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Write a program to generate a square wave with 80% duty cycle on bit P2.7 Microprocessor.
Answer:
assuming its assembly (otherwise just delete this ans)
Explanation:
MOV TMOD , #01 ;
MOV TLO, #00 ;
MOV THO, #DCH
CPL P1.5
ACALL DELAY
SJMP HERE
;generate delay using Timer 0
DELAY:
SETB TR0
AGAIN:
JNB TF0 ,AGAIN
CLR TR0
CLR TF0
RET
how data transform into information?
I'm trying to figure out how to put this together can anyone help me solve this?
The if-else statement to describe an integer is given below.
How to illustrate the informationThe if-else statement to describe an integer will be:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
int main(void) {
int userNum;
bool isPositive;
bool isEven;
scanf("%d", &userNum);
isPositive = (userNum > 0);
isEven = ((userNum % 2) == 0);
if(isPositive && isEven){
printf("Positive even number");
}
else if(isPositive && !isEven){
printf("Positive number");
}
else{
printf("Not a positive number");
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
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Current Tetra Shillings user accounts are management from the company's on-premises Active Directory. Tetra Shillings employees sign-in into the company network using their Active Directory username and password.
Employees log into the corporate network using their Active Directory login credentials, which are maintained by Tetra Shillings' on-premises Active Directory.
Which collection of Azure Active Directory features allows businesses to secure and manage any external user, including clients and partners?Customers, partners, and other external users can all be secured and managed by enterprises using a set of tools called external identities. External Identities expands on B2B collaboration by giving you new options to communicate and collaborate with users outside of your company.
What are the three activities that Azure Active Directory Azure AD identity protection can be used for?Three crucial duties are made possible for businesses by identity protection: Automate the identification and elimination of threats based on identity. Use the portal's data to research dangers.
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PLEASE HELP ME ANSWER THIS QUESTION. I REALLY REALLY NEED IT.
. According to IEEE, what is software engineering? (A) The study of
approaches (B) The development of software product using scientific
principles, methods, and procedures (C) The application of engineering
to software (D) All of the above
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) describes software engineering as:
(D) All of the above.
Software engineering encompasses the study of approaches, and the development of software products using scientific principles, methods, and procedures. It also encompasses the application of engineering principles to software. It is a multidisciplinary field that combines technical knowledge, problem-solving skills, and systematic processes to design, develop, and maintain software systems efficiently and effectively.
Some of the arguments are valid, whereas others exhibit the converse or the inverse error. Use symbols to write the logical form of each argument. If the argument is valid, identify the rule of inference that guarantees its validity. Otherwise, state whether the converse or the inverse error is made. If this computer program is correct, then it produces the correct output when run with the test data my teacher gave me. This computer program produces the correct output when run with the test data my teacher gave me.
∴
This computer program is correct.
Let p = "this computer program is correct," and let q = "this computer program produces the correct output when run with the test data my teacher gave me." Is the argument valid or invalid? Select the answer that shows the symbolic form of the argument and justifies your conclusion.
Hi, you've asked an incomplete/unclear question. I inferred you want a symbolic representation and validity of the argument mentioned.
Answer:
argument is valid
Explanation:
Let's break down the arguments into parts:
Let,
p = "if this computer program is correct,"
q = "this computer program produces the correct output when run with the test data my teacher gave me."
c = "This computer program is correct."
Meaning, p ⇒ q (p results in q), then we can conclude that,
(p ⇒ q ) ∴ ⇒ c
However, the correct converse of the statement is:
If this computer program produces the correct output when run with the test data my teacher gave me, then the computer program is correct,"
q ⇒ p (If q then p)
While the correct inverse of the statement is:
If this computer program is not correct, then this computer program does not produce the correct output when run with the test data my teacher gave me."
1.
Question 1
An online gardening magazine wants to understand why its subscriber numbers have been increasing. What kind of reports can a data analyst provide to help answer that question? Select all that apply.
1 point
Reports that examine how a recent 50%-off sale affected the number of subscription purchases
Reports that describe how many customers shared positive comments about the gardening magazine on social media in the past year
Reports that compare past weather patterns to the number of people asking gardening questions to their social media
Reports that predict the success of sales leads to secure future subscribers
2.
Question 2
Fill in the blank: A doctor’s office has discovered that patients are waiting 20 minutes longer for their appointments than in past years. To help solve this problem, a data analyst could investigate how many nurses are on staff at a given time compared to the number of _____.
1 point
doctors on staff at the same time
negative comments about the wait times on social media
patients with appointments
doctors seeing new patients
3.
Question 3
Fill in the blank: In data analytics, a question is _____.
1 point
a subject to analyze
an obstacle or complication that needs to be worked out
a way to discover information
a topic to investigate
4.
Question 4
When working for a restaurant, a data analyst is asked to examine and report on the daily sales data from year to year to help with making more efficient staffing decisions. What is this an example of?
1 point
An issue
A business task
A breakthrough
A solution
5.
Question 5
What is the process of using facts to guide business strategy?
1 point
Data-driven decision-making
Data visualization
Data ethics
Data programming
6.
Question 6
At what point in the data analysis process should a data analyst consider fairness?
1 point
When conclusions are presented
When data collection begins
When data is being organized for reporting
When decisions are made based on the conclusions
7.
Question 7
Fill in the blank: _____ in data analytics is when the data analysis process does not create or reinforce bias.
1 point
Transparency
Consideration
Predictability
Fairness
8.
Question 8
A gym wants to start offering exercise classes. A data analyst plans to survey 10 people to determine which classes would be most popular. To ensure the data collected is fair, what steps should they take? Select all that apply.
1 point
Ensure participants represent a variety of profiles and backgrounds.
Survey only people who don’t currently go to the gym.
Collect data anonymously.
Increase the number of participants.
The correct options are:
Reports that examine how a recent 50%-off sale affected the number of subscription purchasespatients with appointmentsa way to discover informationA business taskData-driven decision-makingWhen conclusions are presentedFairnessa. Ensure participants represent a variety of profiles and backgrounds.c. Collect data anonymously.d. Increase the number of participants.What is the sentences about?This report looks at how many people bought subscriptions during a recent sale where everything was half price. This will show if the sale made more people subscribe and if it helped increase the number of subscribers.
The report can count how many nice comments people said and show if subscribers are happy and interested. This can help see if telling friends about the company has made more people become subscribers.
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Reports, investigating, fairness, data-driven decision-making, gym classes
Explanation:Question 1:A data analyst can provide the following reports to help understand why the subscriber numbers of an online gardening magazine have been increasing:
Reports that examine how a recent 50%-off sale affected the number of subscription purchasesReports that describe how many customers shared positive comments about the gardening magazine on social media in the past yearReports that compare past weather patterns to the number of people asking gardening questions on their social mediaReports that predict the success of sales leads to secure future subscribersQuestion 2:A data analyst could investigate the number of patients with appointments compared to the number of doctors on staff at a given time to help solve the problem of longer waiting times at a doctor's office.
Question 3:In data analytics, a question is a topic to investigate.
Question 4:When a data analyst is asked to examine and report on the daily sales data from year to year to help with making more efficient staffing decisions for a restaurant, it is an example of a business task.
Question 5:The process of using facts to guide business strategy is called data-driven decision-making.
Question 6:A data analyst should consider fairness when conclusions are being presented during the data analysis process.
Question 7:Transparency in data analytics is when the data analysis process does not create or reinforce bias.
Question 8:To ensure the collected data is fair when surveying 10 people to determine popular classes for a gym, a data analyst should: ensure participants represent a variety of profiles and backgrounds, collect data anonymously, and increase the number of participants.
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A student plucks a guitar string and the vibrations produce a sound wave with a frequency of
650 hertz. Calculate the wavelength of the sound wave in air at STP. [Show all work, including
the equation and substitution with units.]
Answer:
52.8 cm
Explanation:
please mark brainlest
The wavelength of the sound wave in air at STP is 0.510.
What is Frequency?This is known to be the rate at which a thing takes place at a specific interval of time.
Note that the
The speed of sound in air is
343 m/ s
At STP the speed of sound wave is
v = 331m/s
Now, the wavelength is
is to 332 / 650
= 0.510
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(30 points) Medium Access Control (Questions) Q1: (25 points) Explain in your own words the evolution from Aloha to CSMA/CD. Explain how they differ and how each newer protocol improves the previous one: describe each one how it works and provide its perforamance, then contrast it with the protocol it improves. Q2: (5 points) What is the purpose of collision detection in CSMA/CD
Answer: : Provided below in the explanation section
Explanation:
ALOHA ,CSMA and CSMA/CD are Random access protocol which goes under Multiple entrance protocol.
IN arbitrary or random access protocol no station is relegated any predominance. In wcich each station have equivalent rights over the medium in which they need to transmit information.
Salaam is an irregular access protocol, a framework for getting to the mutual correspondence Networks channel. It was created during the 1970s by Norman Abramson and his partners at the University of Hawaii.
In Aloha, different stations can transmit information simultaneously and can henceforth prompt crash and information being jumbled.
From research we can say that there are two unique renditions of ALOHA:
Slotted ALOHA Pure ALOHA
In the Slotted ALOHA, the hour of getting to the mutual channel is partitioned into discrete intervals called slots.
While for the Pure ALOHA, the stations transmit outlines at whatever point they have information to send.
Opened ALOHA was created to improve the productivity of unadulterated ALOHA as odds of impact in unadulterated ALOHA is exceptionally high.
Still there are a few weaknesses in Aloha i.e, In ALOHA, hubs transmit parcels when they are accessible, without detecting the remote bearer. Therefore, parcels may crash at a beneficiary on the off chance that they are transmitted at the same time.
TO maintain a strategic distance from the above issue there came another protocal CSMA which is called as Carrier Sense Multiple Access (it is an improved type of irregular access convention that previously existed). The name its self proposes that in this the hubs first sense the remote medium before transmitting their information bundles. In the event that the medium is detected occupied, at that point transmissions are postponed else the information bundles are transmited.
After which CSMA/CD (Carrier sense different access with crash location) and CSMA/CA (Carrier sense numerous entrance with impact shirking) are acquainted with further more increment the productivity in impact recognition and impact evasion individually. When a collosion is dectected by CSMA/CD, it retransmits the impacted casings again by halting the transmision when crash recognized. Where as CSMA/CA thoroughly stays away from crash it helps in maintaining a strategic distance from impacts with the assistance of Interframe space(), Contention Window and Acknowledgment
For Q2:-
The prime reason for development from ALOHA to CSMA/CD is that the crash between the data packets.
That is to say CD in CSMA/CD i.e, Collision Detection reason for existing is that, at whatever point a crash occurs in a medium between the parcels it will help in halting the transmission and retransmit the impacted casing again and afterward proceeds with the halted transmission.
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Title slide: Give as a minimum, the name of the layer you are presenting.
The layer data unit: Give the name of the layer'ss data unit and include information about the header and footer( if there is one). Diagram:Include a diagram (usingnsquares. circles arrows, etc.) showing the data unit and what its headers and footers do. Emancipation/decapsulation: Show where in the process the layer sits. List the layers that are encapsulated before your layer. List the layers that are decapsulated before your layer. Security: list one or two security risks at your layer and how to guard them.
The given project based on the question requirements are given below:
Layer: Transport LayerData Unit: Segment
Header: Contains source and destination port numbers, sequence and acknowledgment numbers, and control flags
Footer: Checksum to ensure integrity
Encapsulation: Sits between the Network and Session Layers.
Encapsulated layers: Application, Presentation, and Session Layers
Decapsulated layers: Network Layer
Security:
Risk: TCP SYN Flood Attacks, where the attacker sends multiple SYN packets to overwhelm the server and cause a denial of service.
Guard: Implementing SYN cookies or limiting the number of SYN packets per second to prevent flooding. Also, using encrypted connections to protect data confidentiality.
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