CSF leakage during anesthesia can be treated with an epidural blood patch.
A spinal procedure called epidural anesthesia involves injecting an anesthetic into the epidural space. The lower abdomen, pelvis, perineum and lower leg procedures use this anesthetic.
A nerve and motor block below the injection site is given under general anesthesia.
When a needle accidentally enters the subarachnoid region and breaks the arachnoid membrane, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks. High blood pressure and back pain are the result of this. An epidural blood patch can be used to treat this CSF leak during anesthesia. In this instance, the leak in the membranes of the brain is closed by injecting the patient's blood into the epidural area.
CSF leakage during anesthesia can be treated with an epidural blood patch.
An epidural blood patch (EBP) is a procedure in which a small volume of autologous blood is injected into the patient's epidural space to stop the leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). It is thought that this finger of the CSF will reduce the pressure of the CSF, especially when the patient is upright, allowing to increase the blood flow through vasodilation causing the characteristic post dural headache (PDPH or "spinal headache "). This work examines the indications, contraindications, and complications of the epidural blood patch and shows the role of the professional team in the management of patients with headache after dural puncture.
Objectives:
Explain how an epidural blood patch works.
Review the symptoms of an epidural patch.
A summary of the technique of administering an epidural blood patch.
Describe the importance of improving care coordination between members of the professional team to improve outcomes for patients with post-dural puncture headaches.
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A patient is trapped in a car where only his head and arm are available for you to assess. How should you properly apply the patient
assessment process?
A. Perform the primary and secondary assessments only
B. Perform all of the parts of each assessment that you can physically perform
C. Perform the scene size-up, primary assessment, and then wait for extrication to perform the rest.
D. Perform the scene size-up, primary assessment, and then only perform reassessments skipping the secondary assessment until after extrication
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Which ancient discoveries are you most interested in learning about? check all that apply. Calendars farming math medicine astronomy music.
The ancient discoveries that are most interesting in learning about are math and astronomy.
Аncient Egyptiаn civilizаtion wаs аn аdvаnced culture in terms of аstronomy аnd mаthemаtics. However, these were not only scholаrly pursuits. These developments hаd аn importаnt impаct in the everydаy аctivities of common people. That's why mathematics and astronomy are most interesting in learning about.
There were significаnt аchievements in the field of аstronomy аs well. Bаsed on their observаtions of the sun аnd the moon's movements, the Egyptiаns developed аn аccurаte cаlendаr orgаnized in twelve 30-dаy months, three seаsons of four months eаch, plus аn extrа five dаys, giving а 365-yeаr dаy but with no wаy of аccounting for the extrа quаrter dаy eаch yeаr. Dаy аnd night were split into 24 units. This аllowed people to fаrm the lаnd more successfully.
Your options are not well arranged, but most probably your options were
a. Calendars farming
b. math
c. medicine
d. astronomy
e. music
Thus, the correct answer is B and D.
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1. In what school-related situations would inattentional blindness likely cause problems? Describe
the situation.
Answer:
The term "inattentional blindness" was first coined by psychologists Arien Mack, Ph.D., and Irvin Rock, Ph.D., who observed the phenomenon during their perception and attention experiments. "Because this inability to perceive, this sighted blindness, seemed to be caused by the fact that subjects were not attending to the stimulus but instead were attending to something else.
Explanation:
You believe you are paying attention to the road, but you miss the automobile swerving into your lane of traffic because you were distracted, which leads to a collision.
What Is Inattentional Blindness?
When a person fails to perceive an obvious but unexpected visual stimulation in their field of vision, they are said to be inattentional blind (Simons & Chabris, 1999).
This momentary unawareness is probably caused by the plethora of visual stimuli that demand attention.
When a child is focused on an object or an event, they typically miss out on other information. Inattentional blindness is the name for this frequent occurrence.
We used a motion task to investigate the developmental variation of inattentional blindness and to investigate the age-related degree of these phenomena.
Therefore, high mental work load likely cause problems.
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why do clients need help with their transfers?
Clients need help with transfers because not all clients can get up on their own nor do we want them to in some cases. Without assistance on transfers, the client may be at an increased risk of falling when attempting to mobilize on their own, which can lead to additional ailments atop whatever conditions the client may already be living with or dealing with momentarily. For example, a patient taking a medication known to cause orthostatic hypotension requiring them to change positions slowly may need some help because if they become dizzy in this process and are alone in transferring from a bed to a nearly chair or to a wheelchair, the medical professionals must now provide aid for what the fall has caused and what the medication is indicated for.
Other reasons for assisted transferring of clients include helping the patients gradually increase their strength and re-train to perform such transfers independently (think learning to ride a bike; you usually start with training wheels, then with a hand on your shoulder while you learn to balance, then you learn how to launch and do it alone!) as well as to perform position changes as to not create bedsores and pressure ulcers.
What shapes our personality most, nature or nuture and why?
Answer:
One's personality is shaped by a combination of nature (genetic) and nurture (environmental) influences. Recent studies conducted among birds have demonstrated that environment plays a bigger role in forming personality than genetics, but obviously there are differences when translating these results to humans
Explanation:
A 56 year old woman with Left extremity weakness
A 56 year old woman with a past medical history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia presents with left extremity weakness.
The condition initially began in January with weakness in her left foot and ankle. This remained stable until motor vehicle accident in April. The patient was evaluated for whiplash injury.
Two to three weeks following the accident, the patient noticed that the weakness had progressed up the leg.
As of July, the patient had developed weakness of the left hand.
By October, the patient had started to use a walker and then a wheelchair to ambulate.
In December, the patient was unable to grasp objects with her left hand and presented with atrophy of the hand muscles
Review of Pertinent Symptoms
No bulbar symptoms
No sensory loss
No neck pain
No bowel/bladder dysfunction
Chronic lower back pain
Localize neurologic lesions
Cortex/subcortex
Brainstem
Spinal cord
Peripheral Nerve
neuromucular Junction
Muscle
Physical Exam
Mental status intact
Cranial nerves (CNS) Intact
Motor Function
Strength
Left upper extremity 3/5 strength, except 2/5 strength in the dorsal interossei
Left lower extremity 3+/5 strength to all muscle groups tested
Right upper extremity/right lower extremity 5/5 strength.
Bulk significant atrophy in the left hand
Reflexes 3+ throghout
Sensation: intact throughout
Fasciulations within the left arm in the multiple muscle groups and less frequently in the right arm
The patient has typical Combined UMN and LMN disease findings
Rule out Mimics
Creatine kinase: 53
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C- reactive protein WNL
Antinuclear antibodies: negative
Thyroid-stimulating hormone: 1:2
Serum protein electrophoresis without M spike
Free light chains WNL
Rapid plasma reagin RPR was Negative
Vitamin B12 level WNL (533 pg/mL)
Copper level WNL (119 mcg/dL)
Negative for Lyme disease test
Vitamin E WNL
Human Immunodeficiency virus HIV was negative
Electromyography (EMG) Nerve Conduction Velocity
Consistent with Motor neuron disease
Left median motor and ulnar motor responses revealed low amplitude
All sensory nerve studies were intact with normal values
Needle EMG showed abnormal spontaneous activity with obvious neurogenic pattern on activation in all four extremities
Diagnosis
Motor neuron disease
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Based on the patient's clinical history, physical examination findings, and diagnostic tests, the most likely diagnosis for this 56-year-old woman with left extremity weakness is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as motor neuron disease.
What is ALS?ALS is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects the motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord, leading to weakness, atrophy, and fasciculations in the muscles. The patient's symptoms of weakness initially starting in the left foot and ankle, and then progressing up the leg and involving the left hand, along with the atrophy of hand muscles and abnormal findings on electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction velocity testing, are consistent with the diagnosis of ALS.
Other potential mimics of motor neuron disease have been ruled out through laboratory tests and imaging studies, and the patient's clinical presentation is characteristic of combined upper motor neuron (UMN) and lower motor neuron (LMN) involvement, which is typical of ALS. Further evaluation and management should be done by a neurologist specializing in motor neuron diseases.
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You are collecting vital signs and baseline measurement from a 45 year old client who has arrived at a primary care provider's office with reports of a severe headache and blurry vision. The client states the manifestations worsen with activity, and have come and gone the last 24 hours. The client reports a family history of heart disease and high blood pressure. Which of the following findings should you plan to investigate further? (Select all that apply.)
A.) BMI of 24
B.) Oral temp. 35.9 C (96.6 F)
C.) Heart rate 109/min in the brachial pulse
D.) Respiratory rate 20/min
E.) Blood pressure 213/111 mm Hg in right
Based on the client's symptoms and family history, it is important to investigate the following findings further: C.) Heart rate 109/min in the brachial pulse and E.) Blood pressure 213/111 mm Hg in right. The correct answer are C and E.
The client's high heart rate and elevated blood pressure are concerning as they could be indicators of a serious underlying condition, such as a hypertensive crisis or a cardiovascular event. It is important to investigate these readings further to determine the cause of the client's symptoms and ensure that they receive appropriate medical care.A.) BMI of 24 and D.) Respiratory rate of 20/min are within normal range and do not appear to be immediately concerning.B.) An oral temperature of 35.9 C (96.6 F) is lower than normal and could be a sign of hypothermia, but it may also be within the normal range for some individuals. Depending on the client's medical history and other symptoms, this finding may warrant further investigation.In summary, the high heart rate and elevated blood pressure are the most concerning findings in this scenario, and warrant further investigation to determine the underlying cause of the client's symptoms.For more such question on brachial pulse
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PLEASE HELP
The brain stem is part of the:
Spinal Cord
(I think...if it not, I'm sorry)
Answer:
THE BRAINSTEM IS LOCATED IN THE INFERIOR PORTION OF THE BRAIN. BETWEEN THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD
Explanation:
HINDBRAIN??
sorry for caps i was rushing lol
what aspect of a client's care is most likely to be influenced by the patient protection and affordable care act (ppaca)?
The number of health insurance plans that the client can choose between is influenced by the patient protection and affordable care act (PPACA), hence option A is correct.
What are the patient protection and affordable care act (PPACA)?It is the law that provides various rights and protection that make health coverage easy and understandable for people parallel with subsidies through “cost-sharing reductions” and “premium tax credits” to create it more reasonable.
The client has the right to choose a number of health insurance plans, that are influenced by the patient protection and the affordable care act.
Therefore, option A is correct.
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The given question is incomplete, so the most probable complete question is,
What aspect of a client's care is most likely to be influenced by Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA)?
a. The number of health insurance plans that the client can choose between
b. The likelihood that the client will have to seek out-of-state treatment
c. The client's ability to act as the "gatekeeper" of his or her own care
d. The client's ability to qualify for Medicaid
Unitage of penicillins solved
Answer:
Penicillin is given to patients with an infection caused by bacteria. Some types of bacterial infections that may be treated with penicillin include pneumonia, strep throat, meningitis, syphilis and gonorrhea, according to the National Library of Medicine. It may also be used to prevent dental infections.
25. What word is used to describe the breakdown of
red blood cells?
a. erythema
b. erythrocytosis
c. hemolysis
d. hemostasis
n
Answer:
C. hemolysis
Explanation:
The word used to describe the breakdown of red blood cells is hemolysis. Therefore, option (C) is correct.
What is hemolysis?Hemolysis is the process which can occur naturally as red blood cells reach the end of their life span or it can be the result of a medical condition or external factors, such as exposure to toxins. Hemolysis leads to the release of hemoglobin, which can cause problems such as anemia or jaundice.
In some cases, hemolysis can be a sign of an underlying medical condition that requires treatment, such as sickle cell disease or autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
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What is the medical assistants role in contributing to the efforts of the health care team in the area of managed care
The medical assistant helps by explaining the terminologies they use to the patients in clear language.
Who is a medical assistant?The term medical assistant refers to those trained personnel at the hospital that helps a doctor to discharge his duties. They perform minor tasks such as taking vital signs etc.
The roe of the medical assistant in contributing to the efforts of the health care team in the area of managed care is to assistants the doctors and nurses by explaining the terminologies they use to the patients in clear language.
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Describe one factor, per HIPAA regulations, that you should consider when transmitting health insurance claims electronically.
A woman is currently 6 weeks pregnant. Her first pregnancy was a miscarriage at 10 weeks gestation. Her second pregnancy she delivered a healthy boy at 39 weeks gestation. What is her gravidity and parity using the GTPAL system
Answer:
Gravida = pregnant woman; Gravidity = number of pregnancies; Parity = the number of births carried to a viability (at least 20 weeks )
a healthcare system is planning to implement telehealth in all facilities. which outcome should the nurse expect when this approach to care is fully implemented
When a healthcare system implements telehealth in all facilities, the nurse can expect several outcomes. Firstly, telehealth can improve access to care for patients who are unable to visit healthcare facilities due to distance, mobility issues, or other factors.
This can lead to improved patient outcomes, as conditions can be diagnosed and treated earlier. Additionally, telehealth can improve efficiency and reduce costs, as healthcare providers can consult with patients remotely and avoid the need for unnecessary visits or hospitalizations. Finally, telehealth can enhance patient satisfaction by offering a convenient and flexible alternative to traditional healthcare visits.
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Lanoxin pediatric solution available in 0.5mg/ml. If a patient takes 0.25 mg of lanoxin per day, what will be the dispensed quantity im ml for 30 bdays
Answer:
15 mL
Explanation:
order/on hand x # days
0.25 mg/0.5 x 30
Which consideration is a priority when caring for a mother with strong contractions 1 minute apart?
The heart rate of the fetus in relation to the contractions is the priority consideration while caring for a mother who is having strong contractions one minute apart.
There are a number of point which have to be taken care of when a mother is having strong contractions which are 1 minute apart but the priority is always to check the status of the fetus. This is important because the blood flow of the placenta gets interrupted temporarily with every contraction and therefore if the contractions are too strong and too long lasting, the fetus might not able to tolerate them.
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if your were using bones to build a heavy house that needed a lot of support, to build the walls, you'd want to use
long bones
short bones
flat bones
sesamoid bones
Answer:
Long Bones
Explanation:
Helps give better support almost like in the body with better structure
how the current state of higher education negatively influences nursing education and staff development
The current state of higher education negatively influences nursing education and staff development because there are issues of:
Ethical dilemmas that are not familiar.The issue of credential requirements.The issue of funding for ''public-health"-linked activities, etc.What are the factors affecting nursing education?There are a lot of factors that is said to be inside of the nursing program, as well as outside of the nursing program, that can have an influence on the nursing program as well as its success.
The Sources of external effect on nursing are financial funding, rules and regulations, accreditation, and others.
Hence, The current state of higher education negatively influences nursing education and staff development because there are issues of:
Ethical dilemmas that are not familiar.The issue of credential requirements.The issue of funding for ''public-health"-linked activities, etc.Learn more about higher education from
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why is it important to immediately replace the lid on the urine test strips container?
It is important to immediately replace the lid on the urine test strips container because exposure to air and moisture can lead to inaccurate results.
The chemicals on the strips can react with the environment, causing the colors on the strips to change or fade, which can affect the accuracy of the test results. In addition, exposure to air and moisture can cause contamination of the test strips, leading to false positive or false negative results.
This is especially important for medical professionals who rely on accurate test results to make diagnoses and determine treatment plans for their patients. By ensuring that the lid is tightly closed on the urine test strips container, the integrity of the strips is maintained and the risk of inaccurate results is minimized.
Therefore, it is important to immediately replace the lid on the urine test strips container to maintain the accuracy and reliability of the test results.
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If a patient's insurance company has reimbursed the physician for the appropriate amount and there is still a balance due in the patient's account, the physician must apply next for payment to the:_____.
Guarantor
A person who guarantees the repayment of a borrower's debt in the event that the borrower is unable to make loan payments is known in the financial world as a guarantor. Guarantors put up their own property as security for the loans.
Rarely, people would use their own assets as collateral for loans to act as their own guarantors. The words "guarantor" and "surety" are frequently used interchangeably.
There are several situations when a guarantor might be required. This can involve helping folks who have a bad credit history or just those who don't make enough money. Additionally, guarantors are not required to bear the full financial burden of the guarantee.
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A nurse is caring for a client who has diabetes and a new prescription for 14 units of regular insulin and 28 units of NPH insulin subcutaneously at breakfast daily. What is the total number of units of insulin that the nurse should prepare in the insulin syringe?
The nurse should prepare a total of 42 units of insulin in the syringe.
The calculation is as follows:
14 units of regular insulin + 28 units of NPH insulin = 42 units total
The nurse will mix these two types of insulin in the same syringe, following the proper procedure for drawing up and administering mixed insulin doses. The regular (short-acting) insulin should be drawn up into the syringe first, followed by the NPH (intermediate-acting) insulin to prevent contamination of the regular insulin vial with NPH insulin. This is because regular insulin can be given intravenously, but NPH insulin cannot. If contamination were to occur, it could potentially create issues if that regular insulin were later used for an IV.
Sonja and her husband had unprotected intercourse. Sonja was scared that she might become pregnant and rushed to the pharmacy the next morning. If you were the pharmacist assisting her, what product would recommend her to take, and why?
Answer:
Birth Control(Plan B)
Explanation
Aaron is a young driver who has been awarded a restricted license. He is allowed to drive unsupervised but cannot drive after 9 p.m. Which of the following approaches to reducing traffic accidents and fatalities is best described in this scenario?
A. Graduated licensing
B. Driver education
C. Zero tolerance
D. Parental monitoring
The best approach to reducing traffic accidents and fatalities described in this scenario is A. Graduated licensing. This is because Aaron has been awarded a restricted license which is a part of the graduated licensing system. Graduated licensing allows young or new drivers to gain experience and skills gradually under certain restrictions before getting a full driver's license. This approach has been found to be effective in reducing traffic accidents and fatalities among young drivers.
Graduated licensing programs aim to enhance road safety by allowing new drivers to gain experience under controlled conditions. By imposing restrictions such as supervised driving, curfews, and other limitations, these programs help reduce risky behaviors and exposure to high-risk driving situations.
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Scenario:
Assume you are a pharmacy assistant in a nursing home, screening patients for contraindications and drug interactions. What is the
potential drug problem--and its solution--for each of the following cases?
a. Patient A has hypertension. He has been prescribed hydrocortisone injections for severe bursitis.
b. Patient B is diabetic. She has been prescribed prednisolone for osteoarthritis.
Please use the textbook (chapter 36) as a reference for this discussion. A maximum of 10 points will be given for this assignment.
Answer:
a- hydrocortisone cause hypertension by renin-angiotensin-aldosterone.we treate that by diuretics
b-prednisolone cause increase blood sugar by increasing resistance liver for insulin. we can treat by cream or reduce dose
the condition in which the normal mechanisms that help leptin regulate body weight and energy balance are disrupted is referred to as
Answer:
Physiology of leptin
Explanation:
The condition in which the normal mechanisms that help leptin regulate body weight and energy balance are disrupted is referred to as - leptin resistance.
Leptin is a hormone that is produced by fat cells that is called the starvation hormone. If leptin level low concentration in the blood sends a starvation signal to the brain and optimal leptin level, indicates the body has enough energy.
Leptin resistance is a condition caused by a high leptin level, indicating that there is a lot of fat present in the body but the brain can't sense it.The mechanism put in place for the brain to realize that there is enough energy available in the body is disrupted and the brain is starved.In people with leptin resistance, the urge to eat remains the same no matter how much or how rewarding the food is previously eaten might be.Thus, The condition in which the normal mechanisms that help leptin regulate body weight and energy balance are disrupted is referred to as - leptin resistance.
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an alzheimer's patient wonders into the day room looking for their deceased partner. what should the nurse do? ati
The nurse should be sympathetic and compassionate when addressing the Alzheimer's patient. The nurse should approach the patient gently and calmly, and explain the situation in an understandable manner.
The nurse should use short, simple sentences and ask if they need assistance.
It is important to respect the patient’s autonomy, so the nurse should ask for their permission before touching them or leading them out of the room.
The nurse should keep their body language nonthreatening and open, and try to make eye contact if the patient allows.
The nurse should provide a distraction to help the patient refocus their attention, such as offering a simple task or a meaningful activity.
If the patient does not seem to understand the situation, the nurse should redirect their focus, repeating the explanation in a calm, supportive tone.
It is important for the nurse to remember that an Alzheimer's patient may not have any recollection of the deceased person, so reminding them of the loss could be detrimental.
The nurse should be patient and understanding while providing comfort and reassurance to the patient.
The nurse should document the incident and notify the primary care physician and/or the family of the patient.
It is important for the nurse to be mindful and respectful of the Alzheimer's patient, understanding that the patient may be confused or distressed.
With proper guidance and understanding, the nurse can ensure that the patient feels safe and secure.
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Which of the following is true of psychopharmacological treatments for PDs?
A. There is limited evidence that psychopharmacology is effective for treating PDs
B. It is likely to benefit certain symptom constellations (e.g., the emotional lability of borderline PD or the cognitive slippage of schizotypal PD)
C. Both a and b
D. None of the above
Answer:
Explanation:
Not sure
intermediate to long-term results following the bernese periacetabular osteotomy and predictors of clinical outcome: surgical technique.
The Bernese periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is a surgical technique used to treat certain hip conditions. Various factors, such as patient selection, preoperative condition, surgical technique, and postoperative rehabilitation, can influence the outcome of the PAO.
The Bernese periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is a surgical procedure performed to correct specific hip conditions, such as acetabular dysplasia. Intermediate to long-term studies have demonstrated favorable clinical outcomes following the PAO. These outcomes include improved hip function, decreased pain, and enhanced quality of life in patients.
The success of the PAO procedure depends on several factors. Patient selection is crucial, as appropriate candidates for the procedure typically have good bone quality, preserved joint space, and limited osteoarthritis. Preoperative condition, including the severity of the hip condition and associated symptoms, also plays a role in predicting clinical outcomes.
The surgical technique itself is important in achieving successful results. The PAO involves repositioning the acetabulum to improve its coverage of the femoral head. Precise execution of the procedure, proper placement of osteotomy cuts, and accurate realignment of the hip joint are essential for optimal outcomes.
Postoperative rehabilitation and adherence to a structured rehabilitation program are key factors influencing the long-term results of the PAO. Rehabilitation typically includes protected weight-bearing, physical therapy, and a gradual return to activities.
Overall, the Bernese periacetabular osteotomy has shown positive intermediate to long-term results in improving hip function and relieving pain in patients with specific hip conditions. However, the success of the procedure depends on factors such as patient selection, preoperative condition, surgical technique, and postoperative rehabilitation.
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Exercise
1. The data shows the marks given to a class of Nursing students in a test.
34, 12, 45, 23, 12, 18, 26, 41, 48, 23, 47, 11, 7, 15, 31, 28, 6, 43, 27, 38, 32, 21, 29,
45, 15, 9, 20, 37, 43, 27, 30, 17, 14, 26, 34, 24, 18, 16, 35, 32, 27, 14, 30, 22, 31, 40,
17, 24, 37, 13
A. Construct grouped frequency distribution
B. Find the rang, width , unit of measurement, class bounders,
class mark or mid point
Answer:
2 + 2 = 5
Explanation:
~ 20 - 20 = 25 - 25
~ 5 * 4 - 5 * 4 = 5 * 5 - 5 * 5
~ 4 ( 5 - 5 ) = 5 ( 5 - 5)
4 = 5
2 + 2 = 5
Just Saying