write the chemical formula of the following compounds sodium sulfate magnesium chloride aluminum nitrate ammonium sulfate​

Answer:

Explanation:

Here, we want to get what will happen in a covalent relationship between the two atoms

In a covalent bond, the electrons are shared between the two atoms.

In the ordinary covalent type, the two atoms would contribute electrons which is then shared by them.

The set of electrons shared is controlled by the nuclei of both atoms

Answer:

Volume = 3.4 L

Explanation:

In order to calculate the volume of CO₂ produced when 15.2 g of CaCO₃ is heated, we need to first write out the balanced equation of the thermal decomposition of CaCO₃:

CaCO₃ (s) + [Heat] ⇒ CaO (s) + CO₂ (g)

Now, let's calculate the number of moles in 15.2 g CaCO₃:

mole no. = \(\mathrm{\frac{mass}{molar \ mass}}\)

                 = \(\frac{15.2}{40.1 + 12 + (16 \times 3)}\)

                 = 0.1518 moles

From the balanced equation above, we can see that the stoichiometric molar ratios of CaCO₃ and CO₂ are equal. Therefore, the number of moles of CO₂ produced is also 0.1518 moles.

Hence, from the formula for the number of moles of a gas, we can calculate the volume of  CO₂:

mole no. = \(\mathrm{\frac{Volume \ in \ L}{22.4}}\)

⇒ \(0.1518 = \mathrm{\frac{Volume}{22.4}}\)

⇒ Volume = 0.1518 × 22.4

                 = 3.4 L

Therefore, if 15.2 g of CaCO₃ is heated, 3.4 L of CO₂ is produced at STP.

The  most probable values for the first four ionization energies of the aluminum are : IE₁ = 578 kJ/mol, IE₂ = 1817 kJ/mol, "IE₃ = 2745 kJ/mol", IE₄ = 11577 kJ/mol.

The ionization energy is the amount of the energy required to remove the electron from an atom. The electronic configuration of Al is given as :

Al electronic configuration = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p¹. The fourth ionization energy is comparatively high because the 2p subshell is fully filled and the energy required to remove the electron from the stable electronic configuration will be high. Therefore, the fourth ionization energy is high.

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Answer: An example is sodium ethoxide (NaOCH2CH3) dissolved in ethanol (CH3CH2OH).

Hope this helps!

Taking into account the reaction stoichiometry, if 10.3 g of Ca(OH)₂ reacts, 5.01 grams of H₂O are formed.

The balanced reaction is:

2 H₃PO₄ + 3 Ca(OH)₂  → 6 H₂O + Ca₃(PO₄)₂

By reaction stoichiometry (that is, the relationship between the amount of reagents and products in a chemical reaction), the following amounts of moles of each compound participate in the reaction:

The molar mass of the compounds is:

By reaction stoichiometry, the following mass quantities of each compound participate in the reaction:

The following rule of three can be applied: if by reaction stoichiometry 222 grams of Ca(OH)₂ form 108 grams of H₂O, 10.3 grams of Ca(OH)₂ form how much mass of H₂O?

mass of H₂O= (10.3 grams of Ca(OH)₂ ×108 grams of H₂O)÷ 222 grams of Ca(OH)₂

mass of H₂O= 5.01 grams

Finally, 5.01 grams of H₂O are formed.

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Answer

D. photosynthesis and respiration

Explanation

Levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere rise and fall each year as plants, through photosynthesis and respiration, take up the gas in spring and summer and release it in fall and winter. Now the range of that cycle is expanding as more carbon dioxide is emitted from burning fossil fuels and other human activities.

Answer:

ATP

Explanation :

Because the energy is released during the process of glycolysis in cellular respiration and then the molecule is captured by the energy carrying molecule which is the ATP (adenosine triphosphate).

Answer:

0.500 mole of Xe (g) occupies 11.2 L at STP.

General Formulas and Concepts:

Gas Laws

Stoichiometry

Explanation:

Step 1: Define

Identify.

0.500 mole Xe (g)

Step 2: Convert

Topic: AP Chemistry

Unit: Stoichiometry

Answer

2.Write the metal first ( if I am right) as it is ionised

The residence time for the average water molecule in that water tank is 2,000 seconds.

What is residence time?
The amount of material in the reservoir divided by the inflow or outflow constitutes the residence time, according to definition (they are equal when the reservoir is at equilibrium). If there are several inflows or outflows, we calculate the residence time using the sum of the inflows or outflows.

In one second, 4 kilograms will be added to the tank. In other words, you divide 8,000 kilograms of water by 4, which gets you 2,000.

Therefore, the residence time for the average water molecule in that water tank is 2,000 seconds.

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Answer:

A and C

I hope this helps you:)

Answer:

Arrange the following compounds in order of acidity (highest to lowest): H2O, CH3COOH , HCl

A. CH3COOH > HCl > H2O

B. H2O > CH3COOH > HCl

C. HCl > H2O > CH3COOH

D. HCl > CH3COOH > H2O

Explanation:

The given substances are acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, and water.

Since HCl is a strong acid and it undergoes complete ionization.

CH3COOH acetic acid is a weak acid and it undergoes partial dissociation in water.

Pure water is a neutral substance.

Hence, the order of acidity is shown below:

HCl > CH3COOH > H2O.

Among the given options, option D is the correct answer.

The non-metal elements in Group 7 – known as the halogens – get less reactive as you go down the group

Answer & Explanation:

The reactivity of elements in Group VII, also known as Group 17, decreases with increasing atomic radius. This is because halogens have high electronegativities and a proclivity to gain electrons in noble gas configurations. Myths are traditional stories or beliefs that explain cultural or societal beliefs, customs, or natural phenomena. They can be passed down through generations and can be based on true or fictitious events. Mythology, on the other hand, is the collection of myths associated with a specific culture or religion. Mythology can be amplified through retelling, incorporation into religious practices; association with significant events or figures, and adaptation into other media forms such as literature, film, or art.

If Sherman suggests that reproduction always creates individuals with adaptive traits, then he/she is not correct because variation may lead to non-adaptive phenotypes.

The presence of genetic variation in individuals of a given population is not adaptive per se, but instead, it provides the raw material for natural selection that leads to the differential survival and reproduction of the most adaptive phenotypes.

The genetic variation in individuals of a given population does not crate adaptive traits and it may derive from sexual reproduction.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that the presence of genetic variation in individuals of a given population may or not be adaptive in the function of the environment in which the individual produced by means of sexual reproduction is developed and therefore it is an advantage for the population but the individual may be harmful.

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Answer:

CH3CH2CH3

Explanation:

Dipole moment is the measure of the polarity of a chemical bond. It is the extent of charge separation in a molecule.

Dipole moment is the product of the magnitude of charge and the distance separating the charges from each other.

The molecule having the lowest dipole moment among the options is the molecule that has the least polarity. The least polar molecule among the options is CH3CH2CH3, it has no polar bonds in its structure.

We have that for the Question "Identify the compound with the lowest dipole moment. Identify the compound with the lowest dipole moment. CH3CH2CH3 CH3OCH3 CH3CHO CH3OH CH3CN "

it can be said that

 From the question we are given

CH3CH2CH3

CH3OCH3

CH3CHO

CH3OH

CH3CN

Generally alkanes have the lowest dipole moment, they have C-H bond which are non polar.

Therefore,

\(CH_3CH_2CH_3\) have the lowest dipole moment

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The vapor pressure at 85.0°C of a solution prepared by dissolving 0.300 mol of liquid dibromoethane the vapor pressure at 85.0°C of a solution prepared by dissolving 0.300 mol of liquid dibromoethane is 164.83 torr.

The term vapor pressure is defined as the tendency of a material to change into the vapour state, and it increases with temperature.

For calculating mole fraction of C₂H₄Br₂ as follows

X C₂H₄Br₂ = moles of C₂H₄Br₂ / moles of C₂H₄Br₂ + moles of C₃H₆Br₂

= 0.3 / 0.3 + 1.80

= 0.14

For calculating mole fraction of C₃H₆Br₂ as follows:

XC₃H₆Br₂ =  moles of C₃H₆Br₂ / moles of C₂H₄Br₂ + moles of C₃H₆Br₂

= 1.80 / 2.1

= 0.85

For calculating total vapor pressure as follows:

P total = [ ( 0.14 × 127) + (0.85 × 173) ]

= 17.78 + 147.05

= 164.83 torr

Thus, The vapor pressure at 85.0°C of a solution prepared by dissolving 0.300 mol of liquid dibromoethane the vapor pressure at 85.0°C of a solution prepared by dissolving 0.300 mol of liquid dibromoethane is 164.83 torr.

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475 g is the correct response to the query. This is true because the combined mass of two solutions with masses of 450 g and 350 g equals 800 g. 125 g of solid crystals are created and fall to the bottom of the container as a result of a chemical reaction.

As a result, the mass of the residual solution is equal to 475 g, or 800 g less 125 g. It is significant to observe that the masses of the two solutions that were combined originally do not equal those of the solid crystals or the leftover solution.

This is because the two solutions' chemical reaction when combined results in a transition of the matter that is resulting in the production of a new substance.

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The parts of the neuron include (A) dendrites.

As it is given in the description, Synapses are also found on dendrites.

Therefore, the parts of the neuron include (A) dendrites.

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The combustion of methane can be represented by the equation CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)We are to find the standard enthalpy of combustion of methane.

We are also to create a Hess enthalpy diagram for the reaction. Standard enthalpy of combustion is the amount of energy released when one mole of a substance is completely burned in excess oxygen at standard temperature and pressure. We can use the data in the table to calculate the standard enthalpy of combustion of methane.The table gives us the standard enthalpies of formation of the reactants and products. The standard enthalpy of formation is the amount of energy change that occurs when one mole of a compound is formed from its constituent elements in their standard states (usually at 25°C and 1 atm).We can use the standard enthalpies of formation to calculate the standard enthalpy of combustion of methane. The standard enthalpy of combustion is given by the following equation:ΔH°c = ΣΔH°f(products) – ΣΔH°f(reactants)We can calculate the standard enthalpy of combustion of methane using the standard enthalpies of formation from the table as follows:ΔH°c = [ΔH°f(CO2(g)) + 2ΔH°f(H2O(g))] – [ΔH°f(CH4(g)) + 2ΔH°f(O2(g))]Substituting the values from the table:ΔH°c = [(–393.5 kJ/mol) + 2(–241.8 kJ/mol)] – [(–74.8 kJ/mol) + 2(0 kJ/mol)]ΔH°c = (–890.2 kJ/mol) – (–74.8 kJ/mol)ΔH°c = –815.4 kJ/mol. Therefore, the standard enthalpy of combustion of methane is –815.4 kJ/mol.We can create a Hess enthalpy diagram for the reaction as shown below: The Hess enthalpy diagram is used to show how the standard enthalpy of the reaction can be calculated using the standard enthalpies of formation of the reactants and products. The diagram shows the two steps involved in the reaction. The first step involves the breaking of the bonds in methane and oxygen to form the reactants. The second step involves the formation of the products from the reactants. The standard enthalpy of combustion is the difference between the standard enthalpies of formation of the products and reactants. The Hess enthalpy diagram shows that the same standard enthalpy of combustion can be obtained regardless of the pathway taken to get from reactants to products.

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A)Concentration of NH4+ = 0.041 * 0.0100 M = 0.00041 M

B)Concentration of molecular NH3 = 0.0100 M - 0.00041 M = 0.00959 M

C)Ka = (0.00041 M)(0.00041 M) / 0.00959 M = 1.76 x 10^-5

D)[OH-] after NH4Cl addition = 0.00041 M - 0.0090 M = -0.00859 M (negative value indicates that OH- is completely consumed)

To calculate the values requested, we can use the given information and the concept of ionization of aqueous ammonia. The ionization reaction is as follows:

NH3 + H2O ⇌ NH4+ + OH-

(a) To determine the concentration of NH4+ and OH- ions:

Given that the ammonia solution is 4.1% ionized, this means that 4.1% of the initial concentration of NH3 has ionized.

Concentration of NH4+ = 0.041 * 0.0100 M = 0.00041 M

Concentration of OH- = 0.00041 M

(b) To find the concentration of molecular ammonia:

Concentration of molecular NH3 = initial concentration - concentration of NH4+

Concentration of molecular NH3 = 0.0100 M - 0.00041 M = 0.00959 M

(c) To calculate the ionization constant (Ka) of aqueous ammonia:

Ka = [NH4+][OH-] / [NH3]

Ka = (0.00041 M)(0.00041 M) / 0.00959 M = 1.76 x 10^-5

(d) When 0.0090 mol of NH4Cl is added to 1 L of the solution, it reacts with OH- to form NH3 and H2O. The NH4Cl dissociates fully, providing 0.0090 mol of NH4+ and Cl- ions.

Since NH4+ reacts with OH-, the concentration of OH- will decrease by 0.0090 M.

[OH-] after NH4Cl addition = 0.00041 M - 0.0090 M = -0.00859 M (negative value indicates that OH- is completely consumed)

Please note that the negative value for [OH-] is not physically meaningful in this context, as the actual concentration cannot be negative. It suggests that all OH- ions have been consumed in the reaction, and the solution is now acidic.

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The concentration in weight percent is 40%

The following data were obtained from the question:

Concentration in weight percent = (mass of sugar / total mass) × 100

Concentration in weight percent = (6.000 / 15.000) × 100

Concentration in weight percent = 0.4 × 100

Concentration in weight percent = 40%

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Answer:

3, 5–dimethyl–4–heptanethiol.

Explanation:

To name the compound given in question above, we must:

1. Determine the longest continuous carbon chain. This gives the parent name of the compound.

2. Determine the functional group of the compound and give it the lowest possible count.

3. Identify the substituent group attached.

4. Give the substituent the lowest possible count.

5. Combine the above to obtain the name of the compound.

Now, let us name the compound given in question with the above ideas in mind. This can be achieved as shown below:

1. The longest continuous carbon chain is 7 i.e heptane.

2. The functional group is –SH i.e thiol. We shall add thiol to end end of heptane making the parent to be heptanethiol. The functional group is at carbon 4.

3. The substituent attached is CH3 i.e methly.

4. There are two CH3 attached to compound and they are at carbon 3 and 5 respectively.

5. The name of the compound is:

3, 5–dimethyl–4–heptanethiol.

The specific heat capacity and molar heat capacity of the metal cannot be determined due to missing values.

However, the values can be obtained using the formula below:

The specific heat capacity and molar heat capacity of the metal are calculated using the formula below:

ΔH₁ + ΔHcalorimeter + ΔH₂ = 0

where:

ΔH₁ is the heat change of the water = m₁Cwater(Tfinal - T1)

ΔHcalorimeter is heat change of the = Ccalorimeter(Tfinal - T1)

ΔH₂  is the heat change of the metal = m₂c₂(Tfinal - T2)

ΔH₁ = 99.45 * 4.184 * (23.9 - 19.5)

ΔH₁ = 1830.83 J

ΔHcalorimeter = Ccalorimeter * 23.9 - 19.5

The heat capacity of the calorimeter is not given, therefor the specific heat capacity and molar heat capacity of the metal cannot be determined.

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Answer:

It would be working properly and providing her energy for her daily activities.

Explanation:

Hello!

In this case, since her oxygen is actually working properly, it is going to be travelling throughout her entire body (via blood) and therefore carbon dioxide would be released as the exhalation product due to cellular respiration carried out in the alveoli which provides energy for her daily activities.

However, the intrusion of different molecules to oxygen into her cells may affect the rate at which cellular respiration is carried out and therefore she may feel tired because such process provides energy to the body.

Best regards!

Hess law can help us to obtain the enthalpy of a series of reactions by summation. The missing enthalpy of this reaction is −198kJ.

According to the Hess law of constant heat summation, the enthalpy of a sequence of reactions can be obtained as the sum of the enthalpies of all the reactions.

Now looking at all the reavtion written here in order to obtain the missing enthalpy, we conclude that the missing enthalpy is −198kJ.

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2SO2 (g) + O2 (g)→2SO3 (g), ΔH = −198 kJ.

169.2K is the equilibrium temperature of the system after the insulating wall is removed.

Generally speaking, a condition of equilibrium is one in which nothing is changing. A body in equilibrium won't undergo any energy exchanges, either positive or negative. Equilibrium is defined significantly differently in biology, physics, and chemistry.

Yet the underlying idea is the same. A body in balance will be least affected by outside influences. Even when external pressures are present, the opposing forces often have a balanced impact on the item under consideration.

for gas, n1=1mol

               T1= 148K

for solid,n2=2mol

            T2=178K

for conservation of energy, ΔQ= Qgas+ Qsolid=0

Q= CvΔT

0=Cvgas(Teql-148) + Cvsolid(Teq-178)

0= 5/2×1×R(Teql-148) + 3×2×R(Teq-178)

Tequi= 169.2K

Therefore, 169.2K is the equilibrium temperature of the system after the insulating wall is removed.

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(a)  The mass percent of HCl in the solution is approximately 36.1%.

(b)  The molality of HCl in the solution is approximately 15.5 mol/kg.

(c)  The mole fraction of HCl in the solution is approximately 0.218.

(a) To calculate the mass percent of HCl, we need to determine the mass of HCl in a given volume of the solution.

Given: Concentration of HCl = 11.8 M

Density of the solution = 1.190 g/mL

First, we need to calculate the mass of the solution. Since density is mass per unit volume, the mass of 1 mL of the solution is 1.190 g.

Next, we need to calculate the mass of HCl in 1 mL of the solution. Since the concentration is given in moles per liter (M), and the molar mass of HCl is 36.46 g/mol, we can calculate the mass of HCl in 1 mL as follows:

Mass of HCl = concentration × volume × molar mass

          = 11.8 mol/L × 0.001 L × 36.46 g/mol

          = 0.430 g

Now, we can calculate the mass percent of HCl using the following formula:

Mass percent = (mass of solute ÷ mass of solution) × 100

           = (0.430 g ÷ 1.190 g) × 100

           ≈ 36.1%

(b) The molality of HCl is calculated by dividing the moles of solute (HCl) by the mass of the solvent (water) in kilograms.

Since the density of the solution is given as 1.190 g/mL, the mass of 1 mL of the solution is 1.190 g. However, we need to consider the density of the solvent (water) to calculate the mass of water in the solution.

Assuming the density of water is 1 g/mL, the mass of water in 1 mL of the solution is (1.190 g - 0.430 g) = 0.760 g.

To calculate the molality of HCl, we need to convert the mass of water to kilograms:

Mass of water (kg) = 0.760 g ÷ 1000 = 0.000760 kg

The molality (m) is calculated using the formula:

Molality = (moles of solute ÷ mass of solvent in kg)

        = (11.8 mol/L × 0.001 L) ÷ 0.000760 kg

        ≈ 15.5 mol/kg

(c) The mole fraction (X) of HCl is calculated by dividing the moles of HCl by the total moles of all components in the solution.

To calculate the mole fraction, we need to consider the volume of the solution and convert it to liters.

Given: Concentration of HCl = 11.8 M

Volume of the solution = 1 mL

Volume of the solution (L) = 1 mL ÷ 1000 = 0.001 L

To calculate the mole fraction of HCl, we need to calculate the moles of HCl and the moles of water (solvent) in the solution.

Moles of HCl = concentration × volume

            = 11.8 mol/L × 0.001 L

            = 0.0118 mol

Moles of water = mass of water ÷ molar mass of water

             = 0.760 g ÷ 18.015 g/mol (molar mass of water)

             = 0.0422 mol

Total moles in the solution = moles of HCl + moles of water

                           = 0.0118 mol + 0.0422 mol

                           = 0.054 mol

Mole fraction of HCl = moles of HCl ÷ total moles

                   = 0.0118 mol ÷ 0.054 mol

                   ≈ 0.218

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