Why should Hot plates be generally heated upto a certain limit?

Answer:

Below

Explanation:

Find the number of moles of Zn...each mole is Avagadro's Number of atoms (6.022 x 10^23 )

From periodic table Zn = 65.38 g/mole

50 gm / 65.38 gm/mole ) = .765 mole

.765 mole  *   6.022 x 10^23 = 4.61 x 10 ^23  atoms

Answer:

When two or more atoms are chemically joined together, this is called a molecule. In some cases, such as hydrogen and oxygen, the molecule is made entirely of the same atom, such as hydrogen gas (a molecule) is made entirely of two hydrogen atoms. Here, converting molecules to atoms is as simple as dividing by two.

Atoms can join together - they form bonds together - to make MOLECULES. For example, two atoms of hydrogen hook together to form a molecule of hydrogen

The type of substance that ionizes completely and creates hydronium ions when dissolved in water is a strong acid.

When a substance is classified as a strong acid, it means that it ionizes completely when dissolved in water. In other words, all of the acid molecules dissociate into ions. Specifically, strong acids readily donate protons (H⁺ ions) to the surrounding water molecules, leading to the formation of hydronium ions (H₃O⁺). The H⁺ ions released by the acid combine with water molecules to form H₃O⁺.

The process of ionization can be represented by a chemical equation. For example, let's take hydrochloric acid (HCl) as an example of a strong acid:

HCl(aq) → H⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq)

In this equation, HCl dissociates completely into H⁺ and Cl⁻ ions when it is dissolved in water. The H⁺ ions combine with water molecules to form H₃O⁺, which is responsible for the acidic properties of the solution.

It's important to note that strong acids are characterized by their ability to fully ionize in water, resulting in a high concentration of hydronium ions. This high concentration of hydronium ions contributes to the acidic nature of the solution and its ability to readily donate protons in chemical reactions.

On the other hand, weak acids do not completely ionize in water and exist in a state of equilibrium between the undissociated acid molecules and the ions. Weak acids partially dissociate, resulting in a lower concentration of hydronium ions compared to strong acids.

In summary, strong acids ionize completely when dissolved in water, generating hydronium ions (H₃O⁺) and contributing to the acidic nature of the solution.

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A. Light waves travel at a speed of about 300,000,000 m/s in empty  space.

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Answer:

A

Explanation:

i took the quizz .

Correct options are: Beth went back toward her origin. Beth speed up considerably. Using the concept of speed of the object the line from time 6 to 10 indicate

Velocity is the pace and direction of an item's movement, whereas speed is the time rate at which an object is traveling along a route. To put it another way, velocity is a vector, whereas speed is a scalar value.

The amount of distance an item travels in one unit of time is known as its speed. Another name for rate is speed. A rate reveals how much something happens or changes in a given length of time. speed of the object is defined as the slope of the position time graph

here we know that

initially it moves from t = 0 to t = 6 from x = 2 to x = 8

so the slope is given as:

v = (x₂ - x₁) / (t₂ - t₁)

v = (8 - 2) / (6 - 0)

v = 1 m/sec

similarly for next we have

again it comes to x = 0 after t = 10 s

so the speed is:

v₂ = (x₃ - x₂) / (t₃ - t₂)

v₂ = (0 - 8) / (10 - 6)

v₂ = - 2 m/sec

so here the velocity is negative which shows that it will move in reverse direction also its velocity is also increase

so correct answers are:

Beth went back toward her origin.

Beth speed up considerably.

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The complete question is as follows:

The graph is the path Beth took on a walk.

A graph with horizontal axis time (seconds) and vertical axis position in (meters). The line runs in 2 straight segments from 0 seconds 2 meters to 6 seconds 8 meters to 10 seconds 0 meters.

What does the line from time 6 to 10 indicate?

Beth slowed down considerably.

Beth went back toward her origin.

Beth sped up considerably.

Beth went farther away from origin.h expression is equivalent to

When placing test tubes in the centrifuge, the best practices are the correct option are :

b. Place test tubes containing approximately equal volumes in opposite positions on the rotor.

d. Never put stoppers or other items in the centrifuge with your tubes.

The centrifuge is the device used in the laboratories to separate the materials according to the sedimentation coefficient. When we are operating the centrifuge, the students should careful that the lid is shut, and the safety knob is turned.

Thus,  the best practices when placing test tubes in the centrifuge are to place the test tubes containing equal volumes in the opposite positions and never put the stoppers in the centrifuge.

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Answer:

Explanation:

step by step is in the attached

Answer:

a.polar covalent

b.ovalent

c.covalent

d.covalent

Explanation:

a.the atomic number of nitrogen is 7 and atomic number of hydrogen is 1, so the type of bond firmed btw them is called polar covalent

b.The total valence electrons in sulphur atom are 6.thus, one atom of carbon forms two *Covalent bonds* with sulphur atoms each in order to complete it octet. Hence, the bond btw carbon and sulfur us covalent bond

c.The two fluorine atom form a stable F molecule by sharing two element ; the linkage ² is called a Covalent bonds

The entropy of 1 mole of N2 molecules, considered as an ideal gas occupying a cubic volume of side 1 cm, is approximately 4:  62 J/K.

To find the entropy of 1 mole of N2 molecules, we need to use the formula for entropy:

S = R * ln(W)

Where:
S is the entropy
R is the gas constant
ln is the natural logarithm
W is the number of microstates or ways the system can be arranged

For an ideal gas, the number of microstates can be calculated using the formula:

W = (V^N) / (N!)

Where:
V is the volume
N is the number of molecules

Given that we have 1 mole of N2 molecules, which is approximately 6.022 x 10^23 molecules, and the volume of the cube is 1 cm^3, we can calculate the entropy.

First, let's convert the volume from cm^3 to m^3:

1 cm^3 = (1 x 10^-2 m)^3 = 1 x 10^-6 m^3

Now, we can substitute the values into the formula for W:

W = ((1 x 10^-6 m^3)^(6.022 x 10^23)) / (6.022 x 10^23)!

To simplify the calculation, we can use the fact that ln(W) is equivalent to ln((V^N) / (N!)) = ln(V^N) - ln(N!).

ln(W) = ln((1 x 10^-6 m^3)^(6.022 x 10^23)) - ln(6.022 x 10^23)!

ln(W) = (6.022 x 10^23) * ln(1 x 10^-6 m^3) - ln(6.022 x 10^23)!

Now, substituting the values of ln(1 x 10^-6 m^3) and ln(6.022 x 10^23) into the equation:

ln(W) = (6.022 x 10^23) * (-13.8155) - ln(6.022 x 10^23)!

Finally, we can use the value of the gas constant, R, which is approximately 8.314 J/(mol·K), to calculate the entropy:

S = R * ln(W) = (8.314 J/(mol·K)) * ((6.022 x 10^23) * (-13.8155) - ln(6.022 x 10^23)!)

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Answer:

Ruler

Explanation:

Ruler and eraser kakgjwjeigidiifigig

The mole is the si unit that expresses the amount of substance

It provides a specific measure of the number of atoms or molecules in a bulk sample of matter. A mole is defined as the amount of substance containing the same number of discrete entities (atoms, molecules, ions) as the number of atoms in a sample of pure 12C weighing exactly 12 g

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Answer:

The amount of work a system can do is limited by the changes in entropy that occur and cause energy to be dissipated as heat. Systems that dissipate less energy as heat will be able to do more work than systems that dissipate more energy as heat.

Explanation:

The amount of work a system can do is limited by the changes in entropy that occur and cause energy to be dissipated as heat.

Entropy is also a measure of the number of possible arrangements the atoms in a system can have. In this sense, entropy is a measure of uncertainty or randomness.

The amount of work a system can do is limited by the changes in entropy that occur and cause energy to be dissipated as heat.

Systems that dissipate less energy as heat will be able to do more work than systems that dissipate more energy as heat.

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Answer:

C po answer ko

Explanation:

thznk chou

Gas bubbles appear after a chemical reaction has occurred

Chemical changes occur when a substance combines with another to form a new substance. Chemical changes occur through the process of chemical reactions. The formation of a gas is the sign that a reaction may have occurred. Gas bubbles appear after a chemical reaction has occurred.

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Answer: hydogen

Explanation:

each element that forms cations is a metal, except for one (hydrogen), while each element that forms anions is a nonmetal. This is actually one of the chemical properties of metals and nonmetals: metals tend to form cations, while nonmetals tend to form anions

Answer:

6.C

7.D

8.D

Explanation:

6. Chlorine is a non-metal, so is helium is inert hence Chlorine is the correct answer.

7.Group 18 elements are noble gases with maximum electron configuration hence they do not bond further

8.During bonding metals transfer  electrons i.e. they become less negative and more positive thus having a positive ion

The difference in pressure is 8.98 %.

What is pressure ?

In the physical sciences, pressure is defined as the stress at a point within a confined fluid or the perpendicular force per unit area. A 42-pound box with a bottom area of 84 square inches will impose pressure on a surface equal to the force divided by the area it is applied to, or half a pound per square inch. Atmospheric pressure, which is roughly 15 pounds per square inch at sea level, is the weight of the atmosphere pressing down on each unit area of the Earth's surface. Pascals are used to express pressure in SI units; one pascal is equivalent to one newton per square meter. Almost 100,000 pascals of atmospheric pressure are present.

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C. Radiation is the answer.

As it can happen in vacuum also

Answer: Radiation

Explanation:

26.4 grams of sodium iodide must be used to produce 44.8 grams of iodine in the given reaction : NaI+Cl₂→I₂+NaCl

The amount of sodium iodide (NaI) required to produce 44.8 grams of iodine (I₂) in the given reaction, we need to consider the balanced chemical equation and the molar masses of the substances involved.

The balanced equation shows that 1 mole of sodium iodide (NaI) reacts to produce 1 mole of iodine (I₂).

The molar mass of iodine (I₂) is 253.8 grams/mol.

Using these values, we can set up a proportion to calculate the amount of sodium iodide needed:

(44.8 g I₂) / (253.8 g/mol I₂) = (x g NaI) / (149.9 g/mol NaI)

Solving for x, the amount of sodium iodide needed, we have:

x = (44.8 g I₂) × (149.9 g/mol NaI) / (253.8 g/mol I₂)

x ≈ 26.4 grams

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Atoms of the same element with different mass numbers are known as isotopes.

Isotopes are variants of an element that have the same number of protons (thus maintaining their elemental identity) but differ in the number of neutrons in their atomic nuclei. This variation in neutron number results in different mass numbers for the isotopes.

For example, let's consider the element carbon. Carbon has an atomic number of 6, which means it has six protons in its nucleus. However, carbon can have different isotopes with varying numbers of neutrons. The most common isotope of carbon is carbon-12, which has 6 protons and 6 neutrons, resulting in a mass number of 12. Another carbon isotope, carbon-13, has 6 protons and 7 neutrons, giving it a mass number of 13. There is also a less common carbon isotope, carbon-14, which has 6 protons and 8 neutrons, leading to a mass number of 14.

Isotopes of an element possess similar chemical properties since they have the same number of electrons and therefore the same electronic structure. However, isotopes may have slightly different physical properties due to variations in their mass. Isotopes also play a crucial role in fields such as radiometric dating, isotopic labeling, and nuclear medicine.

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Answer:

The density remains the same

Answer:

The pH scale measures acidity of a substance. known as potential of hydrogen, it varies from 0 to 14 with 7 being the pH value of a neutral solution. Below 7 shows the substance is acidic in nature and above 7 is alkaline in nature. pH 0-3 are considered strong acids while pH 4-6 are weak acids. pH 8-10 are weak alkalines and pH 11-14 are strong alkalines. This is a general trend and there may be exeptions especially if the substance has a negative pH. However, it would not be covered likely unless you are doing university chemistry.

What should you have ready before introducing a sample or solvent to a separatory funnel. A flask under the separatory funnel, a stopcock closed, and a funnel at the top of the separatory funnel.

A tube used to pour liquids and powders in containers with small holes, having sides that slant inward and a broad opening just at top as well as a narrow aperture at the bottom: Through a funnel, pour the batter into the heated oil. funnel.

The steps that led to that conversion are tracked by a funnel. For instance, e-commerce businesses desire customers to make product purchases on their website. These are possible steps in their funnel: visited website, looked at merchandise, added item to basket, and made purchase.

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Answer:Science has established that human activity is to blame for global warming.

The extensive combustion of fuels by humans contributed to the ozone layer's depletion by producing greenhouse gases.

An illustration of how two people with opposing viewpoints could argue while compiling information and reports on climate change

With the increase in carbon dioxide, the greenhouse effect may be contested.

Someone else will counterargue that a volcanic explosion caused the climatic change.

The two ways in which humans have negatively affected groundwater are Fertilizers and pesticides.

Fertilizers were chemical substances that are applied to crops in order to boost their yield.

Pesticides are chemicals that are being used to keep pests at bay. Herbicides, insecticides, nematicides, and molluscicides are examples.

Fertilizers and pesticides applied to the land, manure from livestock as well as other animals, landfills, mining operations, even unintended releases such as chemical spills or storage tank leaks are all factors that affect groundwater quality.

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Answer:

\(\huge\boxed{\sf C. \ 6}\)

Explanation:

Orbitals:

Types:

There are 4 types of main orbitals.

\(\rule[225]{225}{2}\)

The average kinetic energy of a mole of Kr at 273.0 K, assuming ideal gas behavior, is 3411.33 J/mol.

To calculate the average kinetic energy of a mole of Kr at 273.0 K, we need to use the following equation:

K.E. = (3/2) * R * T

where K.E. is the kinetic energy per mole, R is the gas constant, T is the temperature in Kelvin, and (3/2) is the average kinetic energy of a molecule in an ideal gas.

The value of R is 8.314 J/mol*K, and the temperature is 273.0 K. Substituting these values into the equation, we get:

K.E. = (3/2) * 8.314 J/mol*K * 273.0 K

K.E. = 3/2 * 2274.22 J/mol

K.E. = 3411.33 J/mol

Therefore, the average kinetic energy of a mole of Kr at 273.0 K, assuming ideal gas behavior, is 3411.33 J/mol.

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To prepare a buffer of pH 4, we need to use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:

pH = pKa + log([A^-]/[HA])

We can assume that acetic acid (HA) will be the major species in solution and the acetate ion (A^-) will be the minor species.

pH = 4

pKa of acetic acid = 4.76

Substituting these values into the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, we get:

4 = 4.76 + log([A^-]/[HA])

log([A^-]/[HA]) = -0.76

[A^-]/[HA] = 10^(-0.76)

[A^-]/[HA] = 0.184

Since we know the concentration of acetic acid is 1.0 M, we can find the concentration of the acetate ion by multiplying the concentration of acetic acid by the ratio [A^-]/[HA]:

0.184 = [A^-]/1.0

[A^-] = 0.184 M

Now, we can use the equation for the dissociation of sodium acetate:

NaC2H3O2(aq) ↔ Na+(aq) + C2H3O2^-(aq)

The equilibrium constant for this reaction is:

K = [Na+(aq)][C2H3O2^-(aq)]/[NaC2H3O2(aq)]

Since the sodium acetate is a strong electrolyte, it will dissociate completely, so we can assume that the concentration of NaC2H3O2(aq) is equal to the concentration of sodium acetate added. Therefore, we can simplify the equilibrium constant expression to:

K = [Na+][C2H3O2^-]

We can find the concentration of sodium ion by multiplying the concentration of acetate ion by the ratio of sodium ion to acetate ion, which is 1:1 since the compound is NaC2H3O2:

[Na+] = [C2H3O2^-] = 0.184 M

We can look up the value of the equilibrium constant for this reaction (K = 1.8 x 10^-5), so we can solve for the concentration of NaC2H3O2:

1.8 x 10^-5 = (0.184 M)^2/[NaC2H3O2]

[NaC2H3O2] = 0.184^2/1.8 x 10^-5

[NaC2H3O2] = 1.89 M

Now, we can use the formula for calculating the amount (in moles) of a compound needed to make a solution:

moles = concentration x volume (in liters)

We have a volume of 50.0 mL = 0.0500 L and a concentration of 1.89 M, so:

moles of NaC2H3O2 = 1.89 M x 0.0500 L = 0.0945 moles

Finally, we can use the molar mass of NaC2H3O2·3H2O to convert moles to mass:

mass = moles x molar mass

The molar mass of NaC2H3O2·3H2O is:

Na: 1 x 22.99 g/mol = 22.99 g/mol

C: 2 x 12.01 g/mol = 24.02 g/mol

H: 6 x 1.01 g/mol = 6.06 g/mol

O: 7 x 16.00 g

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1.The reaction order exponent for CO is 1.

2.The reaction order exponent for Cl₂ is 1.

3.The rate-constant, without units, is approximately 0.5042

By comparing the initial rates at different concentrations of CO and Cl2, we can determine the reaction order with respect to each reactant.

Experiment | [CO] (M) | [Cl₂] (M) | Initial Rate (M/s)

1 | 0.12 | 0.20 | 0.121

2 | 0.24 | 0.20 | 0.241

3 | 0.12 | 0.40 | 0.483

To determine the reaction order with respect to CO, we can compare experiments 1 and 3 since they have the same concentration of Cl₂ but different concentrations of CO.

The ratio of the initial rates is:

(Initial rate 3)/(Initial rate 1) = (0.483 M/s) / (0.121 M/s)

                                            = 4

The ratio of the concentrations of CO is:

=([CO] in experiment 3) / ([CO] in experiment 1)

= (0.12 M) / (0.12 M)

= 1

Since the ratio of the rates is equal to the ratio of the concentrations raised to the reaction order exponent for CO, we can conclude that the reaction order exponent for CO is 1.

Now let's determine the reaction order with respect to Cl2. We can compare experiments 1 and 2 since they have the same concentration of CO but different concentrations of Cl₂.

The ratio of the initial rates is:

=(Initial rate 2)/(Initial rate 1)

= (0.241 M/s) / (0.121 M/s)

= 2

The ratio of the concentrations of Cl₂ is:

=([Cl₂] in experiment 2) / ([Cl₂] in experiment 1)

= (0.20 M) / (0.20 M)

= 1

Again, since the ratio of the rates is equal to the ratio of the concentrations raised to the reaction order exponent for Cl₂, we can conclude that the reaction order exponent for Cl₂ is 1.

Regarding the rate constant, we can determine it by using the rate equation for the reaction. The rate equation can be written as:

rate = k[CO]ᵃ[Cl₂]ᵇ

By substituting the values from any of the experiments, we can solve for the rate constant:

0.121 M/s = k * (0.12 M)¹ * (0.20 M)¹

Simplifying the equation:

k = 0.121 M/s / (0.12 M * 0.20 M)

  = 0.5042 M⁻¹ s⁻¹

Therefore, the rate constant, without units, is approximately 0.5042

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Answer:

D. 11.0g

Explanation:

The principle of mass conservation states that for a closed system (Such as a sealed container), the mass of the system will remain constant in the time. That is the mass can't be created or destroyed.

As in the experimet you are adding 5.0g of one reactant and 6.0g of another reactant, the mass of your reaction will be 11.0g although a reaction occurs in the container.

Right answer is:

Answer:

11.0g

Explanation: