Why is molality not temperature dependent while molarity is temperature dependent?.

The concentration of I⁻ in a 0.010 M AgNO₃ solution saturated with AgI is 0.079 M.

The solubility product expression for AgI is:

Ksp = [Ag⁺][I⁻]

At equilibrium, the concentration of Ag⁺ is equal to the solubility of AgI, which we can denote as "s". The concentration of I⁻ is not initially known, but we can assume that it is x.

The balanced chemical equation for the dissolution of AgI in water is:

AgI(s) ⇌ Ag⁺(aq) + I⁻(aq)

The AgNO₃ dissociates completely into Ag⁺ and NO₃⁻. Therefore, the initial concentration of Ag⁺ is equal to the initial concentration of AgNO₃, which is 0.010 M.

The NO₃⁻ ion does not react with AgI, so we can ignore it for the purposes of this calculation.

To account for the activity coefficients, we can use the following expression for the solubility product:

Ksp = γ(Ag⁺) * γ(I⁻) * [Ag⁺] * [I⁻]

The activity coefficient for a 1:1 electrolyte like AgI can be approximated as:

γ = (1 + α * √(I))²

where α is a constant related to the size of the ions (typically assumed to be 0.5 for small ions) and I is the ionic strength of the solution, defined as:

I = (1/2) * Σmi(zᵢ)²

where mi is the molality of ion i and zᵢ is its charge.

In this case, the ionic strength is dominated by Ag⁺, since I⁻ is assumed to be much less concentrated. Therefore:

I = (1/2) * (0.010 mol/kg) * (1²) = 0.00005

Using α = 0.5, we can calculate the activity coefficients:

γ(Ag⁺) = (1 + 0.5 * √(0.00005))² = 1.026

γ(I⁻) = (1 + 0.5 * √(0.00005))² = 1.026

Substituting these values into the solubility product expression, we get:

8.3 = 1.026² * (0.010 M) * x

Solving for x, we get:

x = 0.079 M

Therefore, the concentration of I⁻ in a 0.010 M AgNO₃ solution saturated with AgI is 0.079 M.

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A chemistry class is reviewing an analysis of particles present during nuclear fusion reactions between hydrogen isotopes deuterium and tritium. the students were asked to use the model and data below to explain occurs during fusion then the fusion can be supported by the data is two smaller atoms come together to form a larger atom that is the same element

Fusion is the process in which two atom slam together to form the heavier atom called as fusion

And here according to the given data particle present before fusion in deuterium mass is two and in tritium mass is three and particle present after fusion in helium mass is four and neutron mass is one so according to the data of fusion two smaller atoms come together to form a larger atom that is the same element

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The temperature at which the pressure will be equal to 1.75 atm, given that the tank has an initial pressure of 101325 Pa is 257.25 degrees celsius

First, we shall list out the given parameters from the question. This is shown below:

The final temperature can be obtain as follow:

P₁ / T₁ = P₂ / T₂

1 / 303 = 1.75 / T₂

Cross multiply

1 × T₂ = 303 × 1.75

T₂ = 530.25 K

Subtract 273 to obtain answer in degree celsius

T₂ = 530.25 – 273 K

T₂ = 257.25 degrees celsius

Thus, the temperature required is 257.25 degrees celsius

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When two bar magnets are placed together such that the north pole of one magnet is connected to the north pole of the other, or the south pole of one magnet is connected to the south pole of the other, this is an example of repulsion.

This repulsion occurs because like poles repel each other, while unlike poles attract each other. It is a fundamental principle of magnetism. The basic force of attraction or repulsion between magnetic objects is based on this principle. When two magnets have the same pole facing each other, they exert a force pushing them apart, resulting in repulsion.

On the other hand, if we place the opposite poles of two magnets near each other, they will attract each other. This attraction occurs due to the magnetic field lines interacting and creating a force that brings the magnets closer together.

In summary, when two bar magnets are positioned with like poles facing each other, they exhibit repulsion. This phenomenon is a consequence of the principle that like poles repel each other, while unlike poles attract. Understanding the behavior of magnets allows us to comprehend and harness their attractive and repulsive properties for various applications in technology and everyday life.

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CH3CH2NHCH3 has a higher boiling point.

(CH3)3N is a tertiary amine, meaning that it has three alkyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom. These alkyl groups contribute to increased intermolecular forces between molecules, resulting in a higher boiling point. In contrast, CH3CH2NHCH3 is a secondary amine with only two alkyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom, resulting in weaker intermolecular forces and a lower boiling point.

CH3CH2NHCH3 (ethylmethylamine) has a higher boiling point compared to (CH3)3N (trimethylamine) because ethylmethylamine has a hydrogen atom bonded to a nitrogen, which can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules. These hydrogen bonds lead to stronger intermolecular forces and thus a higher boiling point. In contrast, trimethylamine lacks any hydrogen atoms bonded to nitrogen and therefore cannot form hydrogen bonds, resulting in weaker intermolecular forces and a lower boiling point.

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Adsorbent materials, such as activated carbon or silica gel, are designed to attract and hold onto specific molecules or particles from a fluid or gas. If you flake off the adsorbent, you risk releasing those molecules or particles back into the surrounding environment, potentially causing contamination or harm.

Flaking off the adsorbent can disrupt its ability to effectively remove unwanted substances, reducing its overall efficiency and effectiveness. Therefore, it is important to handle adsorbent materials carefully and avoid flaking them off whenever possible.

1. Safety: Adsorbents are often used to remove contaminants, toxins, or other harmful substances from materials or environments. Flaking off adsorbent could release these contaminants, posing a risk to your health and the environment.

2. Effectiveness: Adsorbents work by providing a large surface area for the adsorption of targeted substances. Flaking off adsorbent may reduce its surface area, decreasing its overall effectiveness in capturing and holding contaminants.

3. Waste: Flaking off adsorbent may lead to unnecessary waste, as the adsorbent material will no longer be used to its full capacity. This could result in increased costs for additional adsorbent materials or disposal of partially used adsorbents.

In summary, you shouldn't flake off adsorbent to ensure safety, maintain its effectiveness, and minimize waste.

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You should not flake off adsorbent because doing so can negatively impact its efficiency and compromise the purpose it serves.

Adsorbents are materials designed to adhere or hold molecules of a substance on their surface, typically used in purification and separation processes. They have a high surface area and porous structure, which enables them to effectively adsorb and retain impurities. Flaking off adsorbent may result in the loss of these crucial properties. The process can cause damage to the porous structure, reducing the overall surface area available for adsorption. This, in turn, reduces the adsorbent's capacity to capture and retain impurities, ultimately affecting the purity of the end product.

Furthermore, flaking off adsorbent can lead to the generation of fine particles or dust, these particles may cause contamination in the process or system where the adsorbent is employed, impacting product quality and posing potential safety hazards. Lastly, the act of flaking off adsorbent may also increase the likelihood of human exposure to harmful substances that are adsorbed onto the material, this exposure can lead to health risks, especially when dealing with toxic or hazardous compounds. You should not flake off adsorbent because doing so can negatively impact its efficiency and compromise the purpose it serves.

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Molar mass

No of moles

Volume

Answer:

B. mitochondria to do cellular respiration.

Explanation:

A cell can be defined as the fundamental or basic functional, structural and smallest unit of life for all living organisms. Some living organisms are unicellular while others are multicellular in nature.

A unicellular organism refers to a living organism that possess a single-cell while a multicellular organism has many (multiple) cells.

All living organisms need energy to function. Both unicellular organisms and multicellular organism retrieve energy using mitochondria to do cellular respiration.

Basically, mitochondria is one of the cell organelles found in all living organisms and it is known as the powerhouse. Therefore, mitochondria provides all the energy required in the cell by transforming energy forms through series of chemical reactions; breaking down of glucose into Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) used for providing energy for cellular activities in the body of living organisms.

The exponential decay rate for healthy human body is 0.1155 and the time taken  by 94% of the chemical consumed by the body to leave is 11.5 hours.

a) The exponential decay rate, often denoted as λ (lambda), can be calculated using the formula:

\(\lambda = \dfrac{ ln(2)} {t^{\frac{1}{2}}}\)

where ln represents the natural logarithm and \(t^\frac{1}{2}\) is the half-life of the chemical.

Substituting the given half-life value:

λ = ln(2) / 6

Using a calculator, we find:

λ ≈ 0.1155

So, the exponential decay rate is approximately 0.1155.

b) To calculate the time it takes for 94% of the chemical to leave the body, we can use the formula for exponential decay:

\(N(t) = N_{o} \times e^{-\lambda t}\)

where N(t) is the amount of chemical remaining at time t, N₀ is the initial amount of chemical, λ is the decay rate, and t is the time elapsed.

We want to find the time at which N(t) is 94% of N₀, which means:

0.94N₀ = N₀ \(\times e^{-\lambda t}\)

Cancelling out N₀:

0.94 = \(e^{-\lambda t}\)

Taking the natural logarithm of both sides:

ln(0.94) = -λt

Substituting the value of λ we found earlier:

ln(0.94) = -0.1155t

Now, solving for t:

t = ln(0.94) / -0.1155

solving the above equation, we get:

t ≈ 11.46

Therefore, the exponential decay rate for healthy human body is 0.1155 and it will take approximately 11.5 hours for 94% of the chemical consumed to leave the body.

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Complete question: The half-life of a certain chemical in the human body for a healthy adult is approximately 6 hr. a)What is the exponential decay rate b How long will it take 94% of the chemical consumed to leave the body?

Answer:

It's going to be a postive charge because although theres a lot more neutrons then the rest of them, neutrons are neutral, which won't have much of an effect to the charge of the atom. 4 protons has a larger proportion to the rest.

Fertilization occurs in the fallopian tubes, while implantation occurs in the uterus.

Fertilization: Fertilization is the process by which a sperm cell from a male and an egg cell (ovum) from a female combine to form a zygote, which is the first stage of a new individual. Fertilization typically occurs in the fallopian tubes, also known as the uterine tubes or oviducts. When a woman ovulates, an egg is released from one of her ovaries and travels through the fallopian tube toward the uterus. If intercourse occurs during this time and sperm are present in the reproductive tract, they can swim through the cervix, enter the uterus, and reach the fallopian tubes. Fertilization most commonly occurs in the ampulla, which is the widest part of the fallopian tube. Once inside the fallopian tube, the sperm must navigate through the tubal environment and reach the egg. The sperm cells undergo a process called capacitation, which involves changes that enable them to penetrate the egg's outer layer. Eventually, one sperm cell successfully penetrates the egg, and their genetic material combines, forming a zygote.

Implantation:After fertilization, the zygote begins to divide and develop   a multicellular structure called a blastocyst. The blastocyst then travels through the fallopian tube and reaches the uterus, where it needs to implant for further development. Implantation refers to the process in which the blastocyst attaches itself to the lining of the uterus, known as the endometrium. The endometrium undergoes changes during the menstrual cycle to prepare for potential implantation. If the blastocyst successfully implants into the endometrium, it establishes a connection with the maternal blood vessels, allowing it to receive oxygen and nutrients from the mother's body.

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Answer:

infrared light

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation:

The early atmosphere

Scientists believe that the Earth was formed about 4.5 billion years ago. Its early atmosphere was probably formed from the gases given out by volcanoes. It is believed that there was intense volcanic activity for the first billion years of the Earth's existence.

The early atmosphere was probably mostly carbon dioxide, with little or no oxygen. There were smaller proportions of water vapour, ammonia and methane. As the Earth cooled down, most of the water vapour condensed and formed the oceans.

It is thought that the atmospheres of Mars and Venus today, which contain mostly carbon dioxide, are similar to the early atmosphere of the Earth.

Scientists can’t be sure about the early atmosphere and can only draw evidence from other sources. For example, volcanoes release high quantities of carbon dioxide. Iron-based compounds are present in very old rocks that could only have formed if there was little or no oxygen at the time.

Changes in the atmosphere

So how did the proportion of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere go down, and the proportion of oxygen go up?

The proportion of oxygen went up because of photosynthesis by plants.

The proportion of carbon dioxide went down because:

it was locked up in sedimentary rocks (such as limestone) and in fossil fuels

it was absorbed by plants for photosynthesis

it dissolved in the oceans

The burning of fossil fuels is adding carbon dioxide to the atmosphere faster than it can be removed. This means that the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increasing.

The compounds that are not sp3d hybridized at the central atom are i. BF₃ and iii. SF₄.

In sp3d hybridization, the central atom adopts a trigonal bipyramidal geometry, with five electron domains (either bonding or lone pairs) arranged around it. However, both BF₃ and SF₄ do not have this arrangement.

i. BF₃: Boron (B) in BF₃ has only three electron domains, forming three sigma bonds with three fluorine (F) atoms. It does not have any lone pairs, so it does not require d orbitals for hybridization. Therefore, BF₃ is not sp3d hybridized.

iii. SF₄: Sulfur (S) in SF₄ has four electron domains, forming four sigma bonds with four fluorine (F) atoms. It also has one lone pair of electrons. With only four electron domains, SF₄ does not require d orbitals for hybridization. Therefore, SF₄ is not sp3d hybridized.

On the other hand, the compounds AsI₅, BrF₅, and XeF₄ have five electron domains around the central atom, requiring d orbitals for hybridization and exhibiting sp3d hybridization.

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Answer:

Option b which is n equal to 3

Answer:

A) Chemical Change

Explanation:

Chemical changes occur when bonds are broken and formed between molecules or atoms. This means that one substance with a particular set of properties (such as melting point, color, taste, etc.) is turned into a different substance with different properties.

Answer:

Preparation and Standardization of 0.1 M Ferrous Ammonium...

Dissolve 40 g of ferrous ammonium sulfate in a previously cooled mixture of 40 ml of sulphuric acid and 200 ml of water.

Dilute with sufficient freshly boiled and cooled water to produce 1000 ml.

Standardize the solution in the following manner.

Explanation:

Answer:

B; 229g of Zn

Explanation:

To convert mol of Zn, we must find the atomic mass of Zn. This is 65.38.

Multiply 3.5 mol of zn by 65.38.

3.50 mol of Zn*65.38g = 228.83g of Zn

Therefore, the mass = 229g of Zn

The molecular formula of the unknown compound is C2H2O2.

To determine the molecular formula of the unknown compound, we need to calculate the empirical formula first and then find the multiple of its subscripts to obtain the molecular formula.

Given:

Percentage of carbon = 40.0%

Percentage of hydrogen = 6.7%

Percentage of oxygen = 53.3%

Molecular mass = 60.0 g/mol

Step 1: Convert the percentages to grams.

Assuming we have 100 grams of the compound:

Mass of carbon = 40.0 g

Mass of hydrogen = 6.7 g

Mass of oxygen = 53.3 g

Step 2: Convert the masses to moles using the molar masses of the elements.

Molar mass of carbon = 12.01 g/mol

Molar mass of hydrogen = 1.008 g/mol

Molar mass of oxygen = 16.00 g/mol

Number of moles of carbon = Mass of carbon / Molar mass of carbon

= 40.0 g / 12.01 g/mol

= 3.332 mol

Number of moles of hydrogen = Mass of hydrogen / Molar mass of hydrogen

= 6.7 g / 1.008 g/mol

= 6.648 mol

Number of moles of oxygen = Mass of oxygen / Molar mass of oxygen

= 53.3 g / 16.00 g/mol

= 3.331 mol

Step 3: Determine the empirical formula by dividing the moles by the smallest value.

Dividing the moles of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen by 3.331 gives approximately 1 for each element.

So, the empirical formula of the compound is CHO.

Step 4: Determine the multiple of the subscripts to obtain the molecular formula.

To find the multiple, we divide the molecular mass by the empirical formula mass.

Molecular mass = 60.0 g/mol

Empirical formula mass = (12.01 g/mol) + (1.008 g/mol) + (16.00 g/mol) = 29.018 g/mol

Multiple = Molecular mass / Empirical formula mass

= 60.0 g/mol / 29.018 g/mol

= 2.07

Rounding to the nearest whole number, we get 2.

Therefore, the molecular formula of the unknown compound is C2H2O2.

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Answer:

0.5059kg

Explanation:

The heat absorbed for the water is determined using the equation:7

Q = C×m×ΔT

Where Q is heat absorbed (4300cal)

C is specific heat (1cal/g°C)

m is the mass in grams

ΔT is change in °C (101.0°C - 92.5°C = 8.5°C)

Replacing:

4300cal = 1cal/g°C×m×8.5°C

505.9g = m

In kg, the mass of water is:

The order of decreasing boiling point for these compounds is KCl > CH2O > CO2.

This is because KCl has ionic bonds, which are stronger than the covalent bonds found in CH2O and CO2. Stronger bonds require more energy to break, thus requiring a higher boiling point. Additionally, CH2O has dipole-dipole interactions which add to its boiling point, while CO2 has only weak London dispersion forces.

To rank the following compounds in order of decreasing boiling point: KCl, CO2, and CH2O, you need to consider the types of intermolecular forces present in each compound.

1. Identify the intermolecular forces present in each compound:
  - KCl: Ionic bonding (between metal and non-metal)
  - CO2: London dispersion forces (non-polar molecule)
  - CH2O (formaldehyde): Dipole-dipole forces and London dispersion forces (polar molecule)

2. Compare the strengths of these intermolecular forces:
  - Ionic bonding > Dipole-dipole forces > London dispersion forces

3. Rank the compounds based on the strengths of their intermolecular forces:
  - KCl (Ionic bonding) > CH2O (Dipole-dipole forces) > CO2 (London dispersion forces)

So, the order of decreasing boiling point is: KCl > CH2O > CO2.

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The monosaccharide present in DNA is β-D-2-deoxyribose.

1. Identify the monosaccharide present in DNA: The sugar in DNA is a deoxyribose, which is a modified form of ribose where one of the hydroxyl (OH) groups is replaced by a hydrogen (H) atom.
2. Specify the configuration: The configuration of this sugar is D, meaning the molecule is a right-handed isomer.
3. Determine the furanose form: Furanose refers to a 5-membered ring structure that includes four carbon atoms and one oxygen atom. In the β-furanose form, the anomeric carbon (C1) has the same orientation as the highest numbered chiral carbon (C5 in this case).
4. Assemble the structure: To complete the structure, draw a 5-membered ring with four carbons and one oxygen, with the hydroxyl groups and hydrogen atoms attached to the appropriate carbons. The β-D-2-deoxyribose structure will have the hydroxyl group on C1 facing upward, in the same direction as the -CH2OH group on C5.

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Answer:

D

Explanation:

The answer should be that the solution is unsaturated

Explanation:

The chocolate or wax in the activity can be compared to the tectonic plates on the surface of the Earth. Just like the tectonic plates, the chocolate or wax is made up of different layers that move and interact with each other. The movement of the tectonic plates is driven by convection currents in the mantle, which is the layer of the Earth beneath the crust. These convection currents are caused by differences in density between the hot, less dense material near the core of the Earth and the cooler, more dense material near the surface. Similarly, the movement of the chocolate or wax is driven by the heat from the flame, which causes the less dense, melted chocolate or wax to rise and the more dense, solid chocolate or wax to sink.

Lioness, zebra and Bird are biotic (living) factors. Sunlight Rocks and Soil are abiotic (nonliving) factors.

The two primary forces influencing the ecosystem are biotic and abiotic. Abiotic factors include all non-living elements such as environmental variables (temperature, the pH level, humidity, salinity, and sunlight, etc.) as well as chemical agents (which vary gases as well as mineral nutrients found within the soil, water, and air, etc.). Biologic factors are all the living organisms present in an ecosystem.

Lioness, zebra and Bird are biotic (living) factors.

Sunlight Rocks and Soil are abiotic (nonliving) factors.

Zebras are the primary food source for lionesses. Zebras get all of their nutrition from the grass they graze on, that grows on soil. Through photosynthesis, grass uses sunlight to generate energy. Some bird species choose rocks for their nesting locations because they provide protection from bigger predators.

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In a first-order breakdown reaction, 81.8% of the molecule takes 19.0 min to break down. A compound breaks down in 7.3 minutes by 33%. The human race started to scratch right away.

A means of climbing the food chain. People snatched what they needed from those who were unsuccessful in the same race without regard for anyone else (the producers and the rest of the consumers). First order in both surfactant and acid concentrations, decomposition is a dislocation process of reaction. The process is autocatalytic since acid is produced during the degradation. Reservoir rock, on the other hand, has a sizable absorbing impact.

x = (81.8*7.3)/33 x = 19.0 min

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Answer:

Environmental issues such as climate change, water pollution and renewable energy make the news headlines and have become increasingly important in every day life.

Explanation:

(Do not need to add) Many people perceive chemistry and the chemical industry as harmful to the environment. Research in biological sciences and chemistry has revealed that industrial processes in chemistry  could play a role in developing solutions to environmental problems such as climate change.

The standard entropy of reaction (∆Sº) can be calculated using the formula:
∆Sº = ΣnSº(products) - ΣnSº(reactants)

Where n is the stoichiometric coefficient and Sº is the standard molar entropy. Given the reaction: Hg(liquid) + Cl2(g) → HgCl2(s), the stoichiometric coefficients are 1 for Hg(liquid), 1 for Cl2(g), and 1 for HgCl2(s). The standard molar entropy values at 298 K are: Sº(Hg,liquid) = 76.0 J/mol·K, Sº(Cl2,g)

= 223.0 J/mol·K, and Sº(HgCl2,s)

= 154.2 J/mol·K. Plugging these values into the formula, we have:

∆Sº = (1 × 154.2) - (1 × 76.0 + 1 × 223.0)
∆Sº = 154.2 - 76.0 - 223.0

= -144.8 J/mol·K
Therefore, the standard entropy of reaction at 298 K for the given reaction is -144.8 J/mol·K.

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49.8 g mass of c12h22o11 (sucrose) is needed to prepare 255 ml of a 0.570 m solution of sucrose in water

Volume of sucrose Solution in water = 0.570

volume of water = 255

Therefore mass of sucrose to prepare 255 ml of 0.570 m solution of sucrose in water = (255)(1/1000)(0.570)(342.29)= 49.8g

Sucrose solutions can be prepared by mixing one packet of sugar with 10 ml of water. Sucrose is not as effective as local anesthetics, however, and is optimally used in combination with local anesthetics. 24% sucrose is not a medicine; it is another name for sugar water. Sucrose is c onsidered a food product, and does not require a prescription.Oral sucrose is a mild analgesic and should only be used clinically for the reduction of pain during minor procedures. The mechanism is an orally mediated increase in endogenous opioid. The analgesic effect lasts 5-8 minutes making it an ideal strategy for the management of short term pain.

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The following atoms have in common the element iron (Fe) and the number of protons, which determines their atomic number. Option C is answer.

In the given options, Fe2+, Fe3+, Fe-54, and Fe-59 are all isotopes of the element iron (Fe) with different numbers of neutrons. Isotopes have the same atomic number (number of protons), which defines the element, but they differ in their atomic mass due to varying numbers of neutrons. Therefore, option C, atomic number, is the correct answer.

Radioactivity (option A) refers to the property of certain isotopes to undergo radioactive decay, which is not the common characteristic here. Atomic mass (option B) varies among the isotopes of iron. The number of neutrons (option D) and the number of electrons (option E) differ among the isotopes as well.

Option C is answer.

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