Why does it take less
energy to evaporate a
liquid than to break the
bonds within molecules?

Answer:

noble gases: 18

alkali earth: 2

alkali: 1

halogens: 17

Answer:

1/9 moles

Explanation:

No of moles = mass/molar mass

No of moles = 2g/18gmol-1

No of moles = 1/9 moles

c.15gof in25mlof wather

The sugar solution that is the most concentrated is 15 g of sugar in 25 mL of water.

CONCENTRATION:

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Answer:  The modern atomic theory states that atoms of one element are the same, while atoms of different elements are different. Each element has its own characteristic atomic number. Atoms of the same element can have different numbers of neutrons, however.

Explanation: N/A

Answer: Zn2+

Explanation:

The standard reduction potential of the given species is as follows:-

\(\begin{aligned}&Z_{(aq)}^{2+}+2 e^{-} \longrightarrow {Zn}(\mathrm{s}) \quad E^{\circ}=-0.76 \mathrm{~V}\\&\mathrm{Mn}_{(\text {aq) }}^{2+}+2 e^{-} \longrightarrow \mathrm{Mn}(\mathrm{s}) \quad E^{\circ} = -1.03 \mathrm{~V}\\&\mathrm{Na}^{+}_{(\text {aq) }} + e^{-} \longrightarrow \mathrm{Na}\text{(s)} \quad E^{\circ}=-2.71 \mathrm{~V}\end{aligned}\)

\(\begin{aligned}&\mathrm{Al}_{(\text {aq) }}^{3+}+3 e^{-} \longrightarrow \text {Al}\text{(s)}\quad E^{0}=-1.66 \mathrm{~V}\\&\mathrm{Li}^{+}(aq)+{e}^{-} \longrightarrow \mathrm{Li}\text{(s)} \quad E^{0}=-3.05 \mathrm{~V}\end{aligned}\)

In the electrochemical series, the species having the lowest electromotive force—the lowest negative value—will be reduced first and the species having the highest negative value will be reduced last

Therefore, Zn2+ will be reduced first and Li+ will be reduced last

The reduction has been defined as the loss of electrons. The species of molten salt that reduces first has been zinc ion in electrolysis.

The electrolysis has been defined as the process of the ionization of the salt under the influence of the electric field.

The species with the lowest reduction potential will reduce first. The reduction potential of the following is:

Zinc has the lowest reduction potential and thus is the reduced first among the others.

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Answer:

for 1st question the answer is maybe 4th or 1st ( I think 4th ).

and for the 2nd question 4th ( consumers ) option is the answer

and the answer of third question is omnivores.

Answer:

1) The transfer or flow of energy.

2)Consumers

3)Omnivores

May it help you

Answer: The ocean is made mostly of: D) Hydrogen and oxygen.

Explanation: The most abundant elements in the ocean by proportion of mass in percent are oxygen (85.84%), hydrogen (10.82%), chlorine (1.94%), sodium (1.08%), magnesium (0.13%), sulfur (0.09%), calcium (0.04%), potassium (0.04%), bromine (0.007%), carbon (0.003%), and boron (0.0004%).

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a. The initial pH of the analyte is 3.82. b. The new expected pH after adding 15.0 mL of NaOH is 3.82. c. The new pH after adding 10.0 mL of NaOH is 3.82.

a. The initial pH of the analyte can be calculated using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:

pH = pKa + log ([A-]/[HA])

Given:

The volume of glycolic acid (analyte) = 50.0 mL

The concentration of glycolic acid (HA) = 0.15 M

Ka of glycolic acid = 1.5 x 10^-4

First, calculate the initial concentration of glycolic acid (HA):

Initial moles of HA = concentration × volume

Initial moles of HA = 0.15 M × 0.050 L = 0.0075 moles

Since glycolic acid (HA) is a monoprotic acid, the initial moles of A- (glycolate ion) will be equal to the initial moles of HA.

Next, calculate the initial pH:

pH = pKa + log ([A-]/[HA])

pH = -log(Ka) + log ([A-]/[HA]) [pKa = -log(Ka)]

pH = -log(1.5 x 10^-4) + log (0.0075/0.0075) [Since [A-]/[HA] = 1]

pH = -(-3.82) + log(1)

pH = 3.82

Therefore, the initial pH of the analyte is 3.82.

b. After adding 15.0 mL of NaOH to the analyte, a neutralization reaction occurs. The moles of NaOH can be calculated using the concentration and volume:

Moles of NaOH = concentration × volume

Moles of NaOH = 0.50 M × 0.015 L = 0.0075 moles

Since glycolic acid and NaOH react in a 1:1 ratio, the moles of glycolic acid (HA) consumed will also be 0.0075 moles.

The remaining moles of HA = initial moles of HA - moles of HA consumed

Remaining moles of HA = 0.0075 moles - 0.0075 moles = 0 moles

The remaining volume of the solution after adding NaOH = initial volume of analyte - volume of NaOH added

Remaining volume = 50.0 mL - 15.0 mL = 35.0 mL = 0.035 L

Now, calculate the new concentration of glycolic acid (HA):

The new concentration of HA = moles of HA / remaining volume

New concentration of HA = 0 moles / 0.035 L = 0 M

Since the concentration of HA is now 0 M, the concentration of A- (glycolate ion) will be equal to the initial concentration of HA.

Next, calculate the new pH:

pH = pKa + log ([A-]/[HA])

pH = -log(Ka) + log ([A-]/[HA])

pH = -log(1.5 x 10^-4) + log (0/0)

pH = -(-3.82) + log (undefined)

pH = 3.82

Therefore, the new expected pH after adding 15.0 mL of NaOH is 3.82.

c. After adding an additional 10.0 mL of NaOH to the solution from part b, the moles of NaOH can be calculated:

Moles of NaOH = concentration × volume

Moles of NaOH = 0.50 M × 0.010 L = 0.005 moles

Since glycolic acid and NaOH react in a 1:1 ratio, the moles of glycolic acid (HA) consumed will also be 0.005 moles.

The remaining moles of HA = initial moles of HA - moles of HA consumed

Remaining moles of HA = 0 moles - 0.005 moles = -0.005 moles

Since the moles of HA cannot be negative, it means that all the glycolic acid has been neutralized by the added NaOH. Therefore, the remaining concentration of HA will be 0 M.

The remaining volume of the solution after adding NaOH = initial volume of analyte - volume of NaOH added

Remaining volume = 50.0 mL - 15.0 mL - 10.0 mL = 25.0 mL = 0.025 L

Now, calculate the new concentration of A- (glycolate ion):

New concentration of A- = moles of A- / remaining volume

New concentration of A- = 0.005 moles / 0.025 L = 0.20 M

Next, calculate the new pH:

pH = pKa + log ([A-]/[HA])

pH = -log(Ka) + log ([A-]/[HA])

pH = -log(1.5 x 10^-4) + log (0.20/0)

pH = -(-3.82) + log (undefined)

pH = 3.82

Therefore, the new pH after adding 10.0 mL of NaOH is 3.82.

a. The initial pH of the analyte is 3.82.

b. The new expected pH after adding 15.0 mL of NaOH is 3.82.

c. The new pH after adding 10.0 mL of NaOH is 3.82.

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From 30 g of Na₂O, roughly 0.968 moles of NaOH will be generated.

To determine the number of moles of NaOH produced from 30 g of Na₂O, we need to consider the molar mass and the balanced chemical equation.

The molar mass of Na₂O is calculated by adding the atomic masses of sodium (Na) and oxygen (O):

Na₂O = 2 * (22.99 g/mol) + 16.00 g/mol = 61.98 g/mol

Now, we can use the molar mass to convert the mass of Na₂O to moles:

moles of Na₂O = mass of Na₂O / molar mass of Na₂O

                        = 30 g / 61.98 g/mol

                        = 0.484 mol

From the balanced chemical equation, we know that 1 mole of Na₂O reacts with 2 moles of NaOH:

Na₂O + 2H₂O → 2NaOH

Therefore, the number of moles of NaOH produced will be twice the number of moles of Na₂O:

moles of NaOH = 2 * moles of Na₂O

                          = 2 * 0.484 mol

                          = 0.968 mol

Hence, approximately 0.968 moles of NaOH will be produced from 30 g of Na₂O.

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Answer: Atoms are single neutral particles, and an ion is a positively or negatively charged particle.

Explanation:

Answer:

6.25m/s

Explanation:

speed = distance/time

speed = 100/16 = 6.25m/s

Taking into account the definition of frecuency, the statement "The number of waves that pass a point in 1 second" describes the frequency of a wave.

Frequency is the number of vibrations that occur in a unit of time. Its unit is s⁻¹ or hertz (Hz).

In other words, the frequency in wave phenomena, such as sound, electromagnetic waves (such as radio or light), electrical signals or other waves, expresses the number of times the phenomenon is repeated per unit of time. For example, if a wave repeats ten times per second, it means that it has a frequency of ten cycles per second.

Finally, the statement "The number of waves that pass a point in 1 second" describes the frequency of a wave.

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12.5 mmol/L is the molar concentration of the sample having 0.5 M solution dissolved in water.

To answer this question, we need to calculate the molar concentration of the sample.
First, we need to find the amount of ammonium in the 500 mL of the 0.5 m solution.

We can calculate this by multiplying the molarity by the volume, which gives us 500 mL x 0.5 mol/L = 250 mmol.
Now, to find the molarity of the 20 mL sample, we need to divide the amount of ammonium by the volume of the sample: 250 mmol / 20 mL = 12.5 mmol/L.

Therefore, the molar concentration of the sample is 12.5 mmol/L.

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When aqueous ammonia is used to neutralize sulfuric acid and nitric acid, it produces two salts that are extensively used as fertilizers: Ammonium sulfate, and Ammonium nitrate.

Ammonium sulfate [(NH₄)₂SO₄] - This salt is produced when aqueous ammonia is used to neutralize sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄). Ammonium sulfate is a common fertilizer that is often used as a source of nitrogen and sulfur for plants.

Ammonium nitrate [NH₄NO₃] - This salt is produced when aqueous ammonia is used to neutralize nitric acid (HNO₃). Ammonium nitrate is also a common fertilizer that is often used as a source of nitrogen for plants. However, due to its potential for use in explosives, its sale is strictly regulated in many countries.

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According to electronic configuration, the correct symbol for sodium with 4 neutrons, 3 protons, and 2 electrons is Na-2.

What is electronic configuration?

The distribution of electrons in atomic or molecular orbitals within an atom or molecule is referred to as its electronic configuration. It explains how every electron in an orbital move on its own.

For understanding the period table, one needs to know about electronic configuration. It aids in comprehending the chemistry of various elements.

For an element to become stable, chemical reactions must take place. The transition elements adhere to the 18-electron rule, whereas the main group elements follow the octet rule in their electrical arrangement. Noble elements are thought to be stable because their valence shells are finished in the ground state.

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Answer:

Potassium permanganate has a molar mass of 158.04 g/mol. This figure is obtained by adding the individual molar masses of four oxygen atoms, one manganese atom and one potassium atom

Explanation:

The balanced chemical equation of combustion of propanol is 2 C₃H₇OH +9 O₂\(\rightarrow\) 6 CO₂ +8 H₂O.

Chemical equation is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction which is written in the form of symbols and chemical formulas.The reactants are present on the left hand side while the products are present on the right hand side.

A plus sign is present between reactants and products if they are more than one in any case and an arrow is present pointing towards the product side which indicates the direction of the reaction .There are coefficients present next to the chemical symbols and formulas .

The first chemical equation was put forth by Jean Beguin in 1615.By making use of chemical equations the direction of reaction ,state of reactants and products can be stated. In the chemical equations even the temperature to be maintained and catalyst can be mentioned.

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Answer:

???????????

Explanation:

If more \(H_{2}\) and \(N_{2}\) are added to the reaction 3\(H_{2}\) + N2 → 2\(NH_{3}\) after it reaches equilibrium, two events will occur Shift in Equilibrium and Increased Yield of \(NH_{3}\)

1. Shift in Equilibrium: According to Le Chatelier's principle, when additional reactants are added, the equilibrium will shift in the forward direction to consume the added reactants and establish a new equilibrium. In this case, more \(NH_{3}\) will be produced to counteract the increase in \(H_{2}\) and \(N_{2}\).

2. Increased Yield of \(NH_{3}\): The shift in equilibrium towards the forward reaction will result in an increased yield of \(NH_{3}\). As more \(H_{2}\) and \(N_{2}\) are added, the reaction will favor the production of \(NH_{3}\) to maintain equilibrium. This will lead to an increase in the concentration of \(NH_{3}\) compared to the initial equilibrium state.

It is important to note that the equilibrium position will ultimately depend on factors such as the concentrations of \(H_{2}\), \(N_{2}\), and \(NH_{3}\), as well as the temperature and pressure of the system. By adding more reactants, the equilibrium will adjust to achieve a new balance, favoring the formation of more \(NH_{3}\).

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Answer:

Hydrogen bonds

Explanation:

The weak attractive forces that hold water molecules together are called hydrogen bonds.

Answer:

(NH4)2SO4

Explanation:

2NH3(aq) + H2SO4 (aq) ---> (NH4)2SO4(aq)

Ammonia reacts with sulfuric acid to give the fertilizer ammonium sulfate.

Answer and Explanation for the First Question:

For the first question, when a 3.0 M aqueous NaOH solution is added to a neutral solution containing litmus, the color change in the solution would be from purple to blue. Thus, the answer would be C.

Litmus exists in solution in equilibrium form as H-Lit(aq) (red) ⇌ H⁺(aq) + Lit⁻(aq) (blue). At around pH 7, or neutral, the solution contains an equal amount of both forms of litmus, resulting in a purple color. This is because there are always some H⁺ ions present in the solution, even in neutral solutions, and the red and blue forms of litmus are present in equal amounts, which make the solution purple.

When a strong base like NaOH is added to the litmus solution, the OH⁻ ions from NaOH fully dissociate and react with the H⁺ ions in the litmus solution, forming water. This reaction causes the equilibrium position to shift in the direction of replacing the lost H⁺ ions. As more H-Lit(aq) molecules dissociate to form H⁺(aq) and Lit⁻(aq), the litmus becomes more ionized.

Since ionized litmus in solution is blue, the color of the solution will change from a neutral purple to a basic blue.

Answer and Explanation for the Second Question:

For the second question, according to the information given, the most likely pH of the solution is 6.0. Thus, the answer would be B.

The pH of the solution can be determined by looking at the color change of the three indicators added. Bromocresol green is yellow at the acidic end of its range, blue at the basic end of its range, and its pH range is 3.8 to 5.4. Chlorophenol red is yellow at the acidic end of its range, red at the basic end of its range, and its pH range is 5.2 to 6.8. Thymol blue is yellow at the acidic end of its range, blue at the basic end of its range, and its pH range is 8.0 to 9.6. Since the solution is blue when bromocresol green is added and orange when chlorophenol red is added, the pH of the solution must be between 5.4 and 6.8. The only possible value in this range is 6.0, which is why it is the most likely pH of the solution.

The statement which best describes the relationship between matter, pure substances, and mixtures among the following is ''Matter can be divided into two groups: pure substances and mixtures.'' Hence, option (2) is correct

A pure substance is a single kind of matter that cannot be separated into other kinds of matter by any physical means.

Matter can be divided into two groups that is, pure substances and mixtures.

Hence, option (2) is correct which best describes the relationship between matter, pure substances, and mixtures among the given statements.

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To find out if the proposed hypothesis or scientific assumption is true, we must submit it to experimentation or hypothesis testing.

An experience is proposed in which the materials are needed:

1 apple

2 lemon

1. Cut and peel half of the apple and immerse it in cold water to which the juice of 2 lemons is added

2. The other half is left unpeeled exposed to the air

Results:

A. In the dough submerged in water it is observed that it does not darken while it is submerged in the water with lemon

B. In the apple exposed to the oxidation of the air, a noticeable darkening is observed .

Oxygen oxidizes the enzyme phenol oxidase present in the fruit, through complex reactions proteins are formed that darken the surface of the apple.

Lemon delays and prevents darkening

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Translated  question : A high school student has heard that adding a few drops of lemon to the exposed area of ​​food slows the browning process, but how can we scientifically find out if this is true?

The net ionic equation for the given condition is: -

MnO4 (aq) + 5Fe2+ (aq) + 8H30+ (aq)— Mn2+ (aq) + 5Fe3+ (aq) + 12H2O(a)

A balanced chemical equation is the equation where all the number of reactant and products are equalized based on the number of moles and concentration.

        According to the given condition, we have 0.1569 Molar permanganate solution titrated.

    For 1L of solution we have 0.1569 molar permanganate,

Therefore,

1000ml = 0.1569m

19.53ml = 19.53 x 0.1569 / 1000

              = 0.00306 moles. = 3.06 x 10^-3 moles.

The ionic equation says that 1 mol of MnO4- reacts with 5 moles of Fe2+ so, 3.06 x 10^-3 reacts with 19.53 ml to give,

19.53ml = 3.06 x 10^-3

30.00 ml = 3.06 x 10^-3 x 30.00/ 19.53

               = 4.700 x 10^-3 moles.

This quantity of moles are in the solution required, in the volume i was given (30.00 ml). To get the concentration I have to calculate the moles in 1L.

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