Why does antibiotic resistance occur so quickly

The studies of these branch of biology , parasitology, physiology, paleontology and pharmacology are called subdisciplines of biology.

Parasitology is described as the study of parasites, their hosts, and the relationship between them.

The four branches of Parasitology are:

Animal parasites are the focus of veterinary parasitology.

structural parasitology is the study of parasite protein structures.

The quantitative investigation of parasitism in a host population is known as quantitative parasitology.

The field of parasite ecology investigates how parasites affect the environment.

In conclusion, these terms indicate specialist knowledge and study within each individual subject and describe the particular areas of expertise within biology.

Learn more about Parasitology at:

https://brainly.com/question/7982337

#SPJ1

Of the following plants, a. corn stem has scattered vascular bundles.

The transport system in vascular plants includes vascular bundles. The actual transport takes place in the stem, which comes in the xylem and phloem forms. A vascular bundle, which also contains supporting and protecting tissues, contains both of these tissues. The Cambium, a tissue, is also present between the xylem and the phloem.

Phloem is often found farther from the axis than the xylem, which is typically adaxial (abaxial). This indicates that in a stem or root, the xylem is closer to the interior while the phloem is closer to the exterior. The upper side of a leaf is typically the adaxial surface, and the bottom side is the abaxial surface.

Learn more about vascular bundle with the help of the given link:

brainly.com/question/1561185

#SPJ4

Answer:

mass using E= mc^2  is = 0.007*(3E8)^2 = 6.3E14 Joules

Explanation:

hope this helps :)

Answer:

Grow wings and fly and watch all the people to die. :)

LOLOLOLOLOLOLOL

The breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver of athletes is stimulated by glucagon and adrenaline.

When blood glucose levels begin to drop, the pancreas releases glucagon, which signals the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose and release it into the bloodstream. This process helps to maintain stable blood glucose levels during exercise and prevent hypoglycemia (low blood sugar).

Additionally, the hormone adrenaline (also known as epinephrine) can also stimulate the breakdown of glycogen in the liver during exercise. Adrenaline is released in response to physical or emotional stress and works to increase blood glucose levels by stimulating the breakdown of glycogen in the liver.

In summary, the hormones glucagon and adrenaline both play a role in stimulating the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver of athletes during exercise.

Learn more about glucagon here: https://brainly.com/question/15100163.

#SPJ11

In athletes, the hormone glucagon stimulates the liver to breakdown glycogen into glucose. This process is called glycogenolysis.

Glycogen is a stored form of glucose in the liver and muscle tissue. When an athlete is exercising and needs an extra boost of energy, the hormone glucagon is released into the bloodstream. This hormone travels to the liver and stimulates the breakdown of glycogen into glucose. The glucose is then released into the bloodstream, providing the athlete with a quick source of energy.

In addition to glucagon, other hormones such as epinephrine (adrenaline) and cortisol can also stimulate the breakdown of glycogen in the liver. These hormones are typically released in response to stress or intense physical activity and help to provide the body with the energy it needs to cope with these situations.

In conclusion, the hormone glucagon is responsible for stimulating the liver to breakdown glycogen into glucose in athletes. This process helps to provide the athlete with a quick source of energy during physical activity.

Learn more about glucagon at: brainly.com/question/28574140.

#SPJ11

Answer:

heterozygous.

Explanation:

An organism that is heterozygous for a trait has two different alleles for that trait.

Although transient microorganisms seldom proliferate on the skin, they do occasionally persist and do so.

They are the pathogens most frequently linked to HCAIs and are frequently acquired by HCWs through direct patient contact or contaminated ambient surfaces close to the patient. The microbes that live inside or on top of our bodies continuously make up the resident microbiota. Microorganisms that are only momentarily present in the human body are referred to as transient microbiota, and this group may include pathogenic microorganisms. Microorganisms known as normal (resident) flora are always present on or in a person and typically do not cause any disease.

Learn more about transient here-

https://brainly.com/question/10980509

#SPJ4

The phenomenon is due to natural selection forces.

This refers to the tendency of an adaptive gene to persist and multiply in the environment.

The weak genes in the population are gradually being replaced by strong/adaptive genes. Only organisms with these adaptive genes are able to survive unfavourable changes in the environment.

When they do, they reproduce and pass the adaptive genes to future generations. Thus, new generations will emerge that are well adapted to the environmental condition.

This is why many of the insects targeted by the insecticide were found in the following year.

More on natural selection can be found here: https://brainly.com/question/9830102

#SPJ3

Thermal burns induce irreversible cellular injury through multiple mechanisms, including direct thermal damage, coagulation necrosis, and inflammatory responses.

The high temperature causes denaturation of proteins, disruption of cell membranes, and loss of cellular function. Additionally, thermal burns can lead to the release of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines and chemokines, further exacerbating tissue damage and initiating a cascade of events that contribute to irreversible injury.

The degree and extent of burn that Bill has suffered can have a significant impact on his cardiovascular system. Burn injuries cause a systemic response known as the "burn shock." In extensive burns, the release of inflammatory mediators, fluid loss, and increased capillary permeability can result in hypovolemia, decreased cardiac output, and reduced tissue perfusion.

This can lead to hypotension, tachycardia, and even cardiovascular collapse if not managed promptly. Close monitoring of Bill's cardiovascular status and appropriate fluid resuscitation are crucial in preventing further complications.

Eschar formation plays a vital role in full-thickness burns. An eschar is a dry, thick, leathery crust that forms over the burned area. In full-thickness burns, the damage extends through the entire dermis and often involves underlying tissues, such as muscles and tendons.

The eschar acts as a barrier, protecting the wound from infection and reducing fluid loss. However, it also hinders the natural healing process and necessitates surgical interventions, such as escharotomy or excision, to promote wound healing and prevent complications.

Full-thickness burns differ from partial-thickness burns in terms of clinical manifestations. In partial-thickness burns, only the epidermis and a portion of the dermis are affected, leading to symptoms such as pain, redness, blistering, and swelling.

In contrast, full-thickness burns extend through the entire dermis and can involve underlying structures. Consequently, full-thickness burns may present as charred, white or black, dry, and insensate areas. The absence of pain in full-thickness burns is due to the destruction of nerve endings, requiring more invasive treatments like skin grafting for wound closure.

Given the severity of Bill's burn injury, several complications are likely to arise. Infections are a significant concern due to the loss of skin's protective barrier and compromised immune response. Hypertrophic scars and contractures may develop, leading to functional limitations and disfigurement.

Respiratory complications, such as inhalation injury or pneumonia, can occur if Bill was exposed to smoke or hot gases. Metabolic imbalances, including hypermetabolic response and electrolyte disturbances, are common in severe burns. Psychological distress, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression, is also possible.

Prompt and comprehensive burn care, including wound management, infection control, nutrition support, and rehabilitation, is essential in minimizing these complications and optimizing Bill's recovery.

Based on the American Burn Association classification, Bill's burn injury would likely be classified as a major burn. Major burns typically involve a high percentage of total body surface area (20% in this case) and can have significant systemic effects.

The classification takes into account both the extent of the burn and its location, as burns on certain body parts, such as the face, hands, feet, or perineum, can have functional and cosmetic implications. Bill's burn injury requires specialized care in a burn unit due to its severity and potential complications.

To learn more about coagulation necrosis visit:

brainly.com/question/13062457

#SPJ11

Answer:

Affected with the disease or trait

Explanation:

I took Biology last semester

Menopause that can be treated using Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) usually has following symptoms: headache, night sweats, hot flashes, fatigue, insomnia, vaginal dryness, etc.

Menopause happens 12 months after the last menstruation. The female body stops making the hormones during this phase. The body undergoes various changes due to this.

HRT takes place in females to replace the female hormone such as estrogen to treat the symptoms of menopause. It is also known to reduce the bone loss. It is also known by the name of menopausal hormone therapy. It can have certain severe side-effects like blood clot, heart attack or even breast cancer.

To know more about HRT, here

brainly.com/question/27962400

#SPJ4

1.The long, red radish has the genotype LLRR, where LL represents the gene pair for long shape, and RR represents the gene pair for red color.

2.The round, white radish has the genotype OOWW, where OO represents the gene pair for round shape, and WW represents the gene pair for white color.

3.Since the traits are independently inherited, we can use a Punnett square to determine the probabilities. Assuming the traits are inherited in a 1:1:1:1 ratio, each genotype has a 25% chance of occurring.

4.Combining the shape and color phenotypes, we can conclude that 25% of the offspring will have a long, red phenotype (LO, RW), 25% will have a long, white phenotype (LO, WW), 25% will have a round, red phenotype (OR, RW), and 25% will have a round, white phenotype (OR, WW).

To determine the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring, we need to consider the inheritance of both color and shape traits in radishes.

Genotype of the long, red radish: LLRR

The long, red radish has the genotype LLRR, where LL represents the gene pair for long shape, and RR represents the gene pair for red color.

Genotype of the round, white radish: OOWW

The round, white radish has the genotype OOWW, where OO represents the gene pair for round shape, and WW represents the gene pair for white color.

When these two radishes are crossed, we need to consider the independent assortment of traits. The resulting genotypes of the offspring will be a combination of the alleles inherited from both parents.

Possible genotypes of the offspring:

LORW (long shape, red color)

LOWW (long shape, white color)

ORRW (round shape, red color)

ORWW (round shape, white color)

Probabilities of the first generation (offspring):

Since the traits are independently inherited, we can use a Punnett square to determine the probabilities. Assuming the traits are inherited in a 1:1:1:1 ratio, each genotype has a 25% chance of occurring.

Phenotypes of the offspring:

The phenotypes correspond to the expression of the genotypes.

Phenotype of LO (long shape): LO (long shape) and OR (round shape) are present in the offspring, so 50% will have a long shape.

Phenotype of RW (red color): RW (red color) and WW (white color) are present in the offspring, so 50% will have a red color.

Combining the shape and color phenotypes, we can conclude that 25% of the offspring will have a long, red phenotype (LO, RW), 25% will have a long, white phenotype (LO, WW), 25% will have a round, red phenotype (OR, RW), and 25% will have a round, white phenotype (OR, WW).

For more such questions on phenotypes

https://brainly.com/question/21765541

#SPJ11

These structures examples of vestigial structures.

The vestigial structure is the structures which used to play an important functional role in the body of the ancestor species. But with due to course of evolution the structures have been adapted by the descendants but are functionless. These structures are typically in the rudimentary and degenerative condition. Appendix, wisdom tooth and sinuses are the examples of some of the vestigial structures.

They're vestigial structures (meaning they're "left over" from some ancestor species of the whale). In the whale's ancestor species, the pelvis and femur were functional; over time, as the whale started living in the ocean and they became unnecessary, the pelvis and femur shrunk into what they are now.

Thus,  vestigial structures are the answer.

To learn more about  vestigial structures click here:

https://brainly.com/question/12681281

#SPJ1

Answer: vestigial structures

Explanation:

Edge 2023 ;)

Biomes are affected by latitude and atmospheric cells through the distribution of temperature, precipitation, and vegetation types.

The Hadley cell, Ferrel cell, and Polar cell are responsible for the creation of global wind patterns, precipitation, and temperature distribution.

The Earth's atmosphere is divided into three major cells, each with distinct atmospheric circulation patterns.

As latitude increases, the temperature decreases due to the reduced intensity of solar radiation. This leads to a variation of biomes with latitude. For example, tropical rainforests are found near the equator while tundra and polar deserts are found in the polar regions.

The Hadley cell is responsible for the distribution of tropical rainforests, deserts, and savannas. The Ferrel cell is responsible for the distribution of temperate forests, grasslands, and deserts.

Finally, the Polar cell is responsible for the distribution of polar deserts, tundra, and boreal forests.

The amount of precipitation also varies with latitude and atmospheric cells. Areas near the equator receive high precipitation due to the convergence of trade winds, while areas near the poles receive less precipitation due to the low evaporation rates.

To know more about solar radiation click here:

https://brainly.com/question/23338147

#SPJ11

Answer:

first it start from small atoms and change slow

Answer:

here is the pic so can someone answer the question I need help T-T!!!

Answer: We can help endangered species through conservation. This means doing things – maybe even changing the way we do things – to make sure plants and animals are protected

Explanation: Some of the most endangered animals in the world include the giant panda, the Siberian tiger, the Sumatran rhinoceros, the right whale, and the polar bear.

The sympathetic division of the ANS causes B) airway dilation.

The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is responsible for the body's "fight or flight" response, which is triggered in times of stress, danger, or excitement. This response prepares the body for immediate action by activating certain physiological changes.

When the sympathetic division is activated, it causes the dilation or widening of the airways in the lungs. This is achieved through the relaxation of the smooth muscles that line the bronchioles, which are the small air passages in the lungs. By relaxing these smooth muscles, the diameter of the bronchioles increases, allowing for improved airflow and increased oxygen delivery to the body's tissues.

Airway dilation is an important response during the "fight or flight" response because it enhances the individual's ability to take in more oxygen and deliver it to the muscles, enabling them to respond quickly and effectively in a potentially threatening or demanding situation.

The other options listed are not accurate:

A) Contraction of smooth muscles lining the bronchioles would result in the narrowing of the airways, reducing airflow.

C) Relaxation of the diaphragm is not a direct effect of the sympathetic division. The diaphragm is primarily controlled by the somatic nervous system.

D) Decreases in breathing rates are not a direct effect of the sympathetic division. The sympathetic division generally increases physiological responses, including breathing rates, to prepare the body for action.

In summary, the sympathetic division of the ANS causes airway dilation by relaxing the smooth muscles lining the bronchioles, allowing for increased airflow and improved oxygenation of the body's tissues.

To know more about sympathetic division of the ANS follow the link:

https://brainly.com/question/30395432

#SPJ4

The correct question is:

The sympathetic division of the ANS causes

A contraction of smooth muscles lining the bronchioles

B airway dilation

C relaxation of the diaphragm

D decreases in breathing rates

The correct statement would be: The organism cannot move vesicles within the endomembrane system as efficiently. The organism lacks functional cilia.

If a eukaryotic organism cannot synthesize the motor protein dynein, several consequences can be expected. Selecting the statements that apply:

1. The organism cannot move vesicles within the endomembrane system as efficiently: Dynein is involved in intracellular transport, particularly in moving vesicles along microtubules within the cell. Without dynein, the movement of vesicles would be compromised, leading to reduced efficiency in the endomembrane system.

2. The organism lacks functional cilia: Dynein is a critical component of cilia, which are hair-like structures found on the surface of many eukaryotic cells. Dynein helps in the movement of cilia by sliding microtubules past each other. Without dynein, cilia would be unable to function properly or move, resulting in a lack of functional cilia.

3. The organism cannot perform muscle contractions: Dynein is not directly involved in muscle contractions. Muscle contractions primarily rely on the interaction between actin and myosin proteins. Therefore, the inability to synthesize dynein would not directly affect muscle contractions.

To learn more about organisms

https://brainly.com/question/17259533

#SPJ11

Answer:

Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides react with water and oxygen to form acid rain.

Hope it helps! :)

Answer:

Sulphur Dioxide and Nitrogen oxide

Explanation:

These gases are exerted into the sky as pollutants through human activities. Then, when the clouds form due to condensation, and become to heavy to hold, they start to release water in the form of rain. However, one slight change would be that they bring down the Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide with them.

This acid rain is mostly seen after a long summer, and when the first few rains are seen. This rain highly affects the happenings at the Earth. For example, they make the soil in fertile and leave farmers and gardeners under lots of work for when they re - plant later that year.

Answer:

Then anything would be able to enter the cell and would not be able to maintain homeostasis

Answer:

The nucleus would be damaged.

Answer:

none of them

Explanation:

Answer:

C: epithelial cells, react to stimuli

Explanation:

Answer:

it gonna be A. Number of protons  

Explanation

Elements are placed in order on the periodic table based on their atomic number, how many protons they have.

The implant that occurs after the initial integration is often caused by conditions 1 and 3.

Immediate implant placement is when an implant is placed at the same time as the natural tooth is extracted. Dental implant surgical guides and stents are used to position dental implants to ensure that the implant is placed in the most ideal location for angulation and depth into the bone.

They are usually made out of clear acrylic and fit over your existing teeth and or pink gum tissue. The jawbone is the most critical part of the body when it comes to sustaining and supporting the dental implant. Once the dental implant has fused to your bone after two months, then we can start with the second stage of surgery which involves uncovering the dental implant and connecting the abutment to the fixture.

Learn more about The initial integration here:-https://brainly.com/question/22008756

#SPJ1

Answer:

During Metaphase II, sister chromatids of a homologous pair exchange genetic info

Explanation:

Answer:

During metaphase II, sister chromatids of a homologous pair exchange genetic information

Explanation:

The relationship between domains and kingdoms can be seen in the way that the domains are the major divisions of all organisms, while the kingdoms are divisions of life forms within those domains.

The highest level of classification of living organisms is the domain. The domains are the largest classification groups, and they are made up of one or more kingdoms. Organisms are placed into one of three domains based on their cell type, DNA structure, and other characteristics: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

The Eukarya domain is the most complex domain, and it is divided into four kingdoms: Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. While domains are broad classification groups, kingdoms are subgroups that break down the domain's contents into smaller units that share similar characteristics.

The kingdoms can have different classification criteria depending on the taxonomist, but the most widely recognized criteria are those proposed by Robert Whittaker in 1969: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

Thus, the relationship between domains and kingdoms can be described as the domains being the broadest classification level of living organisms, while kingdoms are the subgroups that break down the domains into smaller, more specialized units that share similar features.

For more information on domains and kingdoms kindly visit to

https://brainly.com/question/1407420

#SPJ11

Archaeopteryx bird was the best candidate for the transition between non-avain dinosaurs and birds.

Archaeopteryx sometimes referred to by its German name, "Urvogel" , is a genus of bird-like dinosaurs. Between the late 19th century and the early 21st century, Archaeopteryx was generally accepted by palaeontologists and popular reference books as the oldest known bird .Older potential avialans have since been identified, including Xiaotingia, and Aurornis.

To know more about Archaeopteryx visit:https://brainly.com/question/14275092

#SPJ4

Answer: Late Jurassic

Explanation:

The bird that was the best candidate for the transition between non-avian dinosaurs and birds is Archaeopteryx. It lived during the Late Jurassic period, approximately 150 million years ago.