Why do nonmetals tend to gain electrons to form negative ions?
A. They have low electronegativities.
B. They gain electrons to balance the protons in their nuclei.
C. They gain the few electrons they need to form full octets.
D. They have fewer protons in their nuclei, so they attract electrons.
//APEX\\​

By analyzing the potential energy diagrams and calculating ΔH using bond energies, we can determine whether a reaction is exothermic (ΔH < 0) or endothermic (ΔH > 0).

To create potential energy diagrams for chemical reactions and determine the value of ΔH (the change in enthalpy) for each reaction, we need to understand the basic concepts and steps involved.

Potential Energy Diagram: A potential energy diagram is a graphical representation of the energy changes that occur during a chemical reaction. The vertical axis represents the potential energy, while the horizontal axis represents the progress of the reaction.

Reactants and Products: Identify the reactants and products involved in each reaction. Assign them appropriate labels on the potential energy diagram.

Activation Energy: Determine the activation energy (Ea) for each reaction. It represents the energy barrier that must be overcome for the reaction to occur. On the diagram, the reactants' energy level is typically higher than the products' energy level, with the activation energy peak in between.

Transition State: Locate the highest point on the potential energy diagram, which represents the transition state or activated complex. This point indicates the highest energy level during the reaction.

ΔH Determination: ΔH represents the difference in enthalpy between the reactants and products. It can be determined by examining the vertical distance between the reactants' energy level and the products' energy level on the potential energy diagram.

ΔH Calculation: ΔH can be calculated using the formula ΔH = Σ (bond energies of reactants) - Σ (bond energies of products). The bond energies are the energy required to break a particular bond or released when a bond is formed.

For more such question on energy. visit :

https://brainly.com/question/28109294

#SPJ8

10.8

7.2mol*3/2=10.8mol.

10.8 moles of H₂SO₄ is required for the reaction.

The balanced equation for the reaction is given below:

From the balanced equation above,

2 moles of Al required 3 moles of H₂SO₄.

Finally, we shall determine the number of mole of H₂SO₄ required to react with 7.20 moles of Al.

This can be obtained as follow:

From the balanced equation above,

2 moles of Al required 3 moles of H₂SO₄.

Therefore,

7.20 moles of Al will require = \(\frac{7.2 X 3}{2} \\\\\) = 10.8 moles of H₂SO₄

Thus, 10.8 moles of H₂SO₄ is required for the reaction.

Learn more: https://brainly.com/question/18474161

Answer:

48 g C

Explanation:

To find the grams, you need to (1) convert atoms to moles (using Avogadro's Number) and then (2) convert moles to grams (using atomic mass). It is important to arrange the conversions in a way that allows for the cancellation of units. The final answer should have 2 sig figs to match the sig figs of the given value.

Avogadro's Number:

6.022 x 10²³ atoms = 1 mole

Atomic Mass (C): 12.011 g/mol

2.4 x 10²⁴ atoms C                   1 mole                       12.011 g
-----------------------------  x  --------------------------------  x  ---------------  =  48 g C
                                         6.022 x 10²³ atoms           1 mole

Answer:

A

Explanation:

What causes the changes in the ice ages is when the earth's orbits tilts.

The ice ages are caused by changes in Earth's orbit and tilt, which affect the amount of solar radiation received by the planet. These changes alter the climate and trigger the growth and retreat of ice sheets.

We know that the changes in the climates is responsible for most of the changes that we can see in the universe as we have come to experience it today.

Thus the earth's orbits is what does control the changes in the ice ages.

Learn more about the ice ages:https://brainly.com/question/29417575

#SPJ1

The amount of oxygen needed in the reaction to burn the octane is higher than necessary. Octane is hence the reaction's limiting agent.

The limiting reactant, also known as the limiting reagent, is the reactant that is used up first during a chemical reaction, hence restricting the amount of product that can be produced during the course of the reaction.

A chemical reaction's limiting reagent is the one that will totally consume all of the reactants. The reaction can't continue once there is no more of a reactant. Hence, it prevents the reaction from intensifying and continuing further. If the other reactant hadn't been used up completely, the surplus reagent would have continued to react, and the reaction would also have continued.

To learn more about limiting reagent visit:

brainly.com/question/11848702

#SPJ1

When the air around you is densely packed, it means the pressure is high.

The atmospheric pressure is directly proportional to air density.

When the air around a place is densely packed, it is an indication of high atmospheric pressure.

On the other hand, if the air around is loosely packed, it means the atmospheric pressure is also low.

More on pressure and density can be found here: https://brainly.com/question/5218385

#SPJ1

Answer:

As heat energy is added to a substance, its molecules speed up. Since molecules are always in motion, their movement is described as vibrating in place.

Explanation:

Summary. Heat is the energy an object has because of the movement of its atoms and molecules which are continuously jiggling and moving around, hitting each other and other objects. When we add energy to an object, its atoms and molecules move faster increasing its energy of motion or heat.

Answer:

First column

Explanation:

In most cases, the independent variable (that which you purposefully change) is in the left column, the dependent variable (that which you measure) with the different trials is in the next columns, and the derived or calculated column (often average) is on the far right.

Answer:

\(\huge\boxed{\sf M = 0.06\ M}\)

Explanation:

No. of moles = n = 0.03 mol

Volume = v = 500 ml = 0.5 L

Molarity = M = ?

M = n / v

Put the given data in the above formula.

M = 0.03 / 0.5

\(\rule[225]{225}{2}\)

Approximately 166.67 mL of water needs to be evaporated from 250 mL of 1 M Ca(OH)2 to make it 3 M.

The relationship between the initial and final concentrations and volumes must be taken into account.

Given: Initial concentration \((C^1) = 1 M Initial volume (V^1) = 250 mL\)

\((C^2) = 3 M final concentration\)

We can use the equation:

\(C^1 * V^1 = C^2 * V^2\)

Where:

\(V^2\)is the final volume of the solution

Rearranging the equation to solve for V2:

\(V^2 = (C^1 * V^1) / C^2\)

Substituting the given values:

\(V^2 = (1 M * 250 mL) / 3 M\)

\(V^2 = 250 mL / 3\)

\(V^2\) ≈ \(83.33 mL\)

To find the amount of water that needs to be evaporated, we subtract the final volume from the initial volume:

Amount of water to be evaporated = \(V^1 - V^2\)

Amount of water to be evaporated = 250 mL - 83.33 mL

Amount of water to be evaporated ≈ 166.67 mL

Therefore, approximately 166.67 mL of water needs to be evaporated from 250 mL of 1 M Ca(OH)2 to make it 3 M.

Learn more about Initial concentration here: brainly.com/question/30720317

#SPJ1

Capillary action help the root of plant to absorb water from the soil and help animals to bring water.

Capillary action is the process by which water flow and passed through a narrow space without the help of an opposition or any form of external forces like gravity.

Therefore, Capillary action help the root of plant to absorb water from the soil and help animals to bring water.

Learn more about capillary action below.

https://brainly.com/question/14457491

#SPJ2

Answer:

\(n=0.0747mol\)

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, since we can consider hydrogen gas as an ideal gas, we check the volume-pressure-temperature-mole relationship by using the ideal gas equation:

\(PV=nRT\)

Whereas we are asked to compute the moles given the temperature in Kelvins, thr pressure in atm and volume in L as shown below:

\(n=\frac{105kPa*\frac{0.009869atm}{1kPa}*1.75L}{0.082\frac{atm*L}{mol*K}*(23+273.15)K} \\\\n=0.0747mol\)

Best regards.

Explanation:

+2

hope it helps................

Answer:No

Explanation: Because without plants, animals would have no oxygen to breathe and would die. People also depend on plants for food. All animals eat either plants or plant-eating animals. Without plants there would be no food at all.

Answer:

1 is the correct answer of the question

The change in temperature of the coins will depend on the energy they need to do so, this energy depends on the specific heat of the material. The specific heat corresponds to the energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of material 1 degree Celsius.

We see that copper has a higher specific heat, therefore, copper will require more energy to raise its temperature and will require more time.

So, the answer will be: C. Copper; requires more energy

Explanation:

atomic mass of Na = 23 amu

atomic mass of Cl = 34.5 amu

so atomic mass of NaCl is about 57.5 amu

this means that 1 mol of NaCl has a mass of 57.5 g

meaning the ans is 121 / 57.5

The enthalpy change (ΔH) for the reaction CaC(s) + H2O(I) → Ca(OH)(ag) + CH4(g) is -3617.6 kJ.

To calculate ΔH for the reaction CaC(s) + H2O(l) → Ca(OH)2(ag) + CH4(g), we can use Hess's law, which states that the enthalpy change of a reaction is independent of the pathway taken and depends only on the initial and final states.

We can manipulate the given reactions to obtain the desired reaction:

(i) Ca(s) + 2C(graphite) → CaC2(s) ΔH = X (unknown value)

(ii) Ca(s) + 1/2O2(g) → CaO(s) ΔH = -635.5 kJ

(iii) CaO(s) + H2O(l) → Ca(OH)2(ag) ΔH = -653.1 kJ

(iv) CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) ΔH = -1300.0 kJ

(v) C(graphite) + 1/2O2(g) → CO(g) ΔH = -393.5 kJ

Now, let's manipulate these equations to cancel out the common reactants and products and obtain the desired reaction:

(i) Ca(s) + 2C(graphite) → CaC2(s) ΔH = X

(ii) Ca(s) + 1/2O2(g) → CaO(s) ΔH = -635.5 kJ

(iii) CaO(s) + H2O(l) → Ca(OH)2(ag) ΔH = -653.1 kJ

(iv) CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) ΔH = -1300.0 kJ

(v) C(graphite) + 1/2O2(g) → CO(g) ΔH = -393.5 kJ

Now, let's sum up the equations to obtain the desired reaction:(i) Ca(s) + 2C(graphite) → CaC2(s) ΔH = X

(ii) 2Ca(s) + O2(g) → 2CaO(s) ΔH = -1271 kJ

(iii) CaO(s) + H2O(l) → Ca(OH)2(ag) ΔH = -653.1 kJ

(iv) CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) ΔH = -1300.0 kJ

(v) C(graphite) + 1/2O2(g) → CO(g) ΔH = -393.5 kJ

By adding equations (ii), (iii), (iv), and (v), we can cancel out CaO(s), H2O(l), and O2(g):

2Ca(s) + 2C(graphite) + CH4(g) → 2Ca(OH)2(ag) + CO(g) ΔH = X -1271 -653.1 -1300.0 -393.5

2Ca(s) + 2C(graphite) + CH4(g) → 2Ca(OH)2(ag) + CO(g) ΔH = X -3617.6 kJ

For more such questions on enthalpy visit:

https://brainly.com/question/14047927

#SPJ8

the electron configuration:

1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 3p⁶, 4s², 3d¹⁰, 4p⁶, 5s², 4d¹⁰, 5p⁶, etc
Ar = [Ne] 3s² 3p⁶ ( 18)
Iodine = 53 = 1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 3p⁶, 4s², 3d¹⁰, 4p⁶, 5s², 4d¹⁰, 5p⁵

if use Ar (18) ⇒ [Ar] 4s², 3d¹⁰, 4p⁶, 5s², 4d¹⁰, 5p⁵

if use Kr (36) ⇒ [Kr] 5s², 4d¹⁰, 5p⁵

The conversions that could be performed with these two conversion factors alone, Density—> molar mass or/formula mass—> is volume ---> moles; option D

Conversion factors are expressions or values which are used to convert from one unit or value to another.

The conversion factor given is:

Density—> molar mass or/formula mass—>

volume = density/mass

moles = mass/molar mass

Volume to moles = density/mass -->  mass/ molar mass

Volume to moles = density ---> molar mass or formula mass

The conversion of volume to moles will therefore require density and molar mass or formula.

In conclusion, conversion factors are used to convert from one unit  value to another.

Learn more about conversion factor at: https://brainly.com/question/24545553

#SPJ1

Explanation:

kinetic energy = ½mv²

1800 = ½ × m × 11.2²

1800 = ½ × m × 125.44

3600 = 125.44m

m = 3600/125.44

m = 28.7 Kg

Answer:

The net ionic equation is  \(ZnCO_3 _{(s)} + 4 OH^{-}_{(aq)} \to [Zn(OH)_4]^{2-} _{(aq)} + CO_3^{2-} _{(aq)}\)

The equilibrium constant is  \(K = 4.06 *10^{4}\)

Explanation:

From the question we are that

      The  \(K_f = 2.9 *10^{15 }\)

The ionic equation is chemical represented as

    Step 1

         \(ZnCO_3 _{(s)}\)  ⇔   \(Zn^{2+} _{aq} + CO_3^{2-} _{aq}\)   The  solubility product constant for stage is     \(K_{sp} = 1.4*10^{-11}\)

 Step 2

        \(Zn^{2+} _{(aq)} + 4 0H^{-} _{(aq)}\)    ⇔  \([Zn(OH_4)]^{2-} _{(aq)}\)  The formation constant for this step is given as \(K_f = 2.9 *10^{15 }\)

 The net reaction is  

           \(ZnCO_3 _{(s)} + 4 OH^{-}_{(aq)} \to [Zn(OH)_4]^{2-} _{(aq)} + CO_3^{2-} _{(aq)}\)

The equilibrium constant is mathematically evaluated as

         \(K = K_{sp} * K_f\)

substituting values

         \(K = 1.4*10^{-11} * 2.9 *10^{15}\)

        \(K = 4.06 *10^{4}\)

Based on the given reaction, the acid-base pairs in this reaction are:

An acid-base pair refers to a set of two chemical species that are related through the transfer of a proton (H+ ion) during a chemical reaction.

One species acts as an acid by donating a proton, while the other acts as a base by accepting that proton.

In the given reaction:

HCO₃⁻ (aq) + NH₃ (aq) → NH₄⁺ + CO₃²⁻

An acid-base pair can be identified as follows:

HCO₃⁻ (bicarbonate ion) can act as an acid by donating a proton (H⁺), becoming CO₃⁻.

NH₃ (ammonia) can act as a base by accepting a proton (H⁺), becoming NH₄⁺ (ammonium ion).

Learn more about acid-base pairs at: https://brainly.com/question/22514615

#SPJ1

Answer:

Explanation:

A graduated cylinder was filled to 30.0 mL with a liquid. An unknown metal cylinder having a mass of 60.27 g was submerged in the in the liquid. The final volume of the liquid level was 45.2 mL.

a. Calculate the density of the unknown metal cylinder.

b. The density of the liquid is 0.899 g/mL. What is the mass of the liquid in the graduated cylinder?

Answer:

9.64 x 10^22

Explanation:

To go from moles to molecules, you multiply by Avogadro's number, 6.022 x 10^23, so you get 9.64 x 10^22.

The mass of Hydrogen gas produced when 10.0 g of sodium reacts with excess water is 0.44 g.

From the question,

We are to determine the mass of Hydrogen gas produced when 10.0g of sodium reacts with excess water.

From the balanced chemical equation for the reaction

2Na + 2H₂O → 2NaOH + H₂

This means

2 moles of sodium reacts with 2 moles of water to produce 2 moles of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and 1 mole of Hydrogen gas.

Now, we will determine the number of moles of sodium present

Mass of sodium = 10.0 g

Atomic mass of sodium = 22.99 g/mol

From the formula

\(Number\ of\ moles\ = \frac{Mass}{Molar\ mass}\)

∴ Number of moles of sodium present = \(\frac{10.0}{22.99}\)

Number of moles of sodium present = 0.43497 mole

From the balanced chemical equation

2 moles of sodium reacts with 2 moles of water to produce 1 mole of Hydrogen gas.

Then,

0.43497 mole of sodium will react with 0.43497 mole of water to produce \(\frac{0.43497}{2}\) mole of Hydrogen gas

\(\frac{0.43497}{2} = 0.217485\)

∴ 0.217485 mole of Hydrogen gas was produced during the reaction

Now, for the mass of Hydrogen gas produced

Using the formula

Mass = Number of moles × Molar mass

Molar mass of H₂ = 2.016 g/mol

∴ Mass of Hydrogen gas produced = 0.217485 × 2.016

Mass of Hydrogen gas produced = 0.43845 g

Mass of Hydrogen gas produced ≅ 0.44 g

Hence, the mass of Hydrogen gas produced when 10.0 g of sodium reacts with excess water is 0.44 g.

Learn more here: https://brainly.com/question/15110469

The concentration of A is decreasing faster than A₂ increases.

option C.

The rate of reaction, also known as the reaction rate, is a measure of how quickly a chemical reaction takes place.

Reaction rate represents the change in concentration of reactants or products per unit of time.

The given relationship between the two concentrations;

2A  ⇆  A₂

make A₁ the subject of the formula;

A =  ⇆  A₂ / 2

From the equation given above we can see that the concentration A is decreasing at a faster rate compared to concentration of A₂.

Thus, according to the graph, the concentration of A is decreasing faster than A₂ increases.

Learn more about rate of reaction here: https://brainly.com/question/24795637

#SPJ1

The partial pressure of hydrogen in the collected gas sample is 733.0 mm Hg (calculated by subtracting the partial pressure of water, 17.0 mm Hg, from the total atmospheric pressure, 750.0 mm Hg).

When a gas is collected over water, the presence of water vapor affects the total pressure observed. In this case, the total atmospheric pressure is given as 750.0 mm Hg, and the partial pressure of water vapor at 19.5°C is 17.0 mm Hg.

To determine the partial pressure of hydrogen, we need to subtract the partial pressure of water vapor from the total atmospheric pressure. Partial pressure refers to the pressure exerted by an individual gas component in a mixture. In this scenario, the collected gas is primarily hydrogen, with water vapor being the other component.

By subtracting the partial pressure of water vapor (17.0 mm Hg) from the total atmospheric pressure (750.0 mm Hg), we can find the partial pressure of hydrogen:

Partial pressure of hydrogen = Total atmospheric pressure - Partial pressure of water vapor

Partial pressure of hydrogen = 750.0 mm Hg - 17.0 mm Hg

Partial pressure of hydrogen = 733.0 mm Hg

Therefore, the partial pressure of hydrogen in the collected gas sample is 733.0 mm Hg.

Know more about hydrogen here:

https://brainly.com/question/24433860

#SPJ8