Why are the best index fossils from species that only existed for a short period of time ?
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Answer:
Because once they were very common they disappeared after the mass extinction event. ... Many geologic periods were defined by events that made natural boundary to the period.
Answer: Because once they were very common they disappeared after the mass extinction event.
Explanation: Hope this helppssss!!! :)
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there is a range of perspectives on darwin's ideas about evolution. his theory of evolution shows us a way in which simplicity could change into complexity that many find appealing. when dawkins (1989) states that "darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection is satisfying" (p. 12), he points to the ability of the theory to explain complex phenomenon.
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Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection is satisfying because it provides an explanation for the transformation of simplicity into complexity in various organisms.
Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection proposes that through the process of variation, inheritance, and differential survival and reproduction, species gradually change over time. This theory offers a compelling explanation for the development of complex traits and structures in organisms. By emphasizing the role of gradual changes over long periods, Darwin's theory shows how simplicity can give rise to complexity through cumulative adaptations.
The appeal of Darwin's theory lies in its ability to account for the diversity and complexity of life on Earth. It explains how organisms with simple features can evolve into more complex ones over generations, driven by natural selection. This process occurs through the accumulation of advantageous traits that enhance an organism's survival and reproduction in its environment. As these adaptations persist and accumulate, complexity can emerge, allowing organisms to better adapt and exploit their surroundings.
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Would you say cells, bacteria, algae, plants, or animals are the basic units of life? Explain why you think so.
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which of the following is not a change that may be caused by hormonal stimulus? group of answer choices a change in membrane potential stimulation of mitosis an increase in enzyme synthesis direct control of the nervous system
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Out of the given options, direct control of the nervous system is not a change that may be caused by hormonal stimulus.
Hormones are chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands that regulate various physiological processes in the body. Hormonal stimuli can elicit a range of responses and changes in target cells and tissues. However, direct control of the nervous system is not typically one of them. Hormonal stimuli commonly lead to changes such as altering the membrane potential of cells, stimulating mitosis (cell division), and influencing enzyme synthesis. For example, certain hormones can bind to specific receptors on cell membranes, leading to changes in ion channel activity and subsequent changes in the cell's membrane potential. Hormones can also regulate the cell cycle and stimulate mitosis, promoting cell growth and tissue development. Additionally, hormones often play a crucial role in regulating enzyme synthesis and activity, influencing various metabolic pathways.
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How does a traditional economy answer the 3 economic questions?
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Answer: economies answer the economic questions of (1) what to produce, (2) how to produce, and (3) for whom to produce. What is produced? based on custom and the habit of how such decisions were made in the past. Many traditional economies are found in rural areas where people depend on members of their extended families.
In biology, cell theory is a scientific theory first formulated in the mid-nineteenth century. It has three tenets: 1. Living organisms are made up of cells. 2. Cells are the basic structural/organizational unit of all organisms. 3. All cells come from pre-existing cells. Which of these statements is not supported by the cell theory?.
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It has three tenets: 1. Living organisms are made up of cells. 2. Cells are the basic structural/organizational unit of all organisms. 3. All cells come from pre-existing cells. All of the above statements are supported by the cell theory.
In 1839, Theodor Schwann proposed the classical cell theory. This theory is made up of three parts. The first part says that cells are the building blocks of all organisms. The second section states that cells are life's fundamental units. After comparing their observations of plant and animal cells, Schwann and Matthias Schleiden arrived at the conclusion that served as the foundation for these pieces in 1838. In 1858, Rudolf Virchow wrote Omnis cellula e cellula, which means "all cells come from other cells," to describe the third section, which states that cells originate from pre-existing cells that have multiplied.
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What does anaerobic in anaerobic respiration mean?
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Answer: In anaerobic respiration, glucose breaks down without oxygen. The chemical reaction transfers energy from glucose to the cell. Anaerobic respiration produces lactic acid, rather than carbon dioxide and water.
Explanation:
During covalent modification, smaller chemical groups can also be added. For example, proteins can be:
Answers
During covalent modification, smaller chemical groups can also be added to proteins. For example, proteins can be phosphorylated, which involves the addition of a phosphate group to a specific amino acid residue.
This covalent modification can alter the function and activity of the protein, affecting various cellular processes. Other examples of covalent modifications include acetylation, methylation, and ubiquitination, which also involve the addition of small chemical groups to specific amino acids in proteins. These modifications play important roles in regulating protein activity, stability, and localization within cells. The phosphate group serves as the switch to promote and induce protein interaction which further activates transduction signals to transmit the transit signals.
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PLZ I NEED HELP!!!!!!!
Choose a Genetic Disorder from the list provided. Create a PowerPoint that includes ALL the information obtained from your research (questions). Please use rubric provided as a checklist to meet all requirements.
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Hello there!
Albinism is a rare group of genetic disorders that cause the skin, hair, or eyes to have little or no color. Albinism is also associated with vision problems. According to the National Organization for Albinism and Hypopigmentation, about 1 in 18,000 to 20,000 people in the United States have a form of albinism. A group of inherited disorders characterized by little or no melanin production.
This condition increases the risk of skin cancer.
Most people with albinism have pale skin, eye conditions, and are sensitive to the sun.
No cure exists, but skin can be protected and eye conditions can be treated.
mostly men have it
All aspects of the Kirby-Bauer Test are standardized to assure reliability of comparison with the published standards. the mueller-hinton ii plates are supposed to be used within a specific time after their preparation and should be free of visible moisture. what negative effect(s) might moisture have on the test?
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Moisture can affect the accuracy of the Kirby-Bauer Test by altering the diffusion of the antibiotics through the agar medium.
This can result in zones of inhibition that are either larger or smaller than expected, leading to incorrect interpretations of the test results. Additionally, moisture can promote the growth of unwanted bacteria or fungi on the agar surface, which can interfere with the growth of the target bacteria and further complicate the test interpretation. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure that the Mueller-Hinton II plates used in the Kirby-Bauer Test are free of visible moisture to ensure reliable and accurate results.
The Kirby-Bauer Test, also known as the disc diffusion method, is a laboratory test used to determine the susceptibility or resistance of bacteria to various antibiotics. It is commonly employed to guide the selection of appropriate antibiotics for treating bacterial infections.
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you decide to designate the twist allele as ft to distinguish it from the forked allele f. using the following allele symbols, identify the genotypes of the three f2 classes in part c by dragging one label to each class. labels may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
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Similar to incomplete dominance, codominance produces distinct phenotypes for each of the three genotypes in monohybrid crosses. However, due to codominance, both alleles fully express the phenotype in heterozygotes.
What is Incomplete dominance?Incomplete dominance are the results from mating in which each parent's contribution is genetically unique and which produces offspring that are phenotypically intermediate. Incomplete dominance is also called semi-dominance and partial dominance. Mendel described dominance, but not imperfect dominance. F1 hybrids have traits that lie between their parental genes. For example, the color of flowers.
Codominance essentially means that neither allele can block or mask the expression of the other allele. Incomplete dominance, on the other hand, is the condition in which the dominant allele does not completely mask the influence of the recessive allele.
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help please ¡!¡!¡!¡!¡!¡!¡!¡!¡!¡!¡!¡!¡.
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Cellular respiration can occur both aerobically (using oxygen), or anaerobically (without oxygen). During aerobic cellular respiration, glucose reacts with oxygen, forming ATP that can be used by the cell. Carbon dioxide and water are created as by products.
Cellular Respiration?A sequence of chemical processes known as cellular respiration convert glucose into ATP, which can then be used as energy for a variety of bodily functions. Glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation are the three basic processes that take place during cellular respiration. Glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid or Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation are the phases of cellular respiration.The employment of photoautotrophic activities to obtain the glucose required for cellular respiration is an illustration of cellular respiration in plants. This means that plants can produce glucose and oxygen using the light energy they receive from the sun.To learn more about Cellular Respiration? refer to:
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the descriptions pf natural events tha TV has been proven to be true time after time ,without explanation
A. data
B. a theory
C. a conclusion
D. law
Answers
Answer: Option D.
Law.
Explanation:
It is a law because a law refers to statements that tgat describe natural events which is formed based on several experiments that are carried out or observations of natural occurrence. It is based on observations from natural process and repeated experiments carried out and most times the reason for those observations are not known. Therefore,The descriptions pf natural events tha TV has been proven to be true time after time ,without explanation is a law.
19) List the layers of the leaf starting at the upper cuticle all the way to the lower cuticle.
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Inside plant veins are two different types of tissues. Xylem carries water and minerals up from the roots of the plant and phloem carries the sugars (nutrients) away from the leaf to areas where the plant is growing or to storage areas in the plant.
Describe the position of the vein(s) in each model.
20a) In the leaf in Model 2.
20b) Within the leaf cross section in Model 3.
21) How does the placement of veins help to carry out their function of transporting materials to and from the leaf?
22) Which kind(s) of cells have chloroplasts in them?
23) Remembering the function of chloroplasts, in which part(s) of the leaf is photosynthesis taking place?
24) The green color of chloroplasts is due to a pigment in them that absorbs light energy. Knowing this, infer which layer inside a leaf gives the whole leaf its green color. Write one complete sentence to express your reasoning.
25) Through which layer(s) does light energy travel to reach the palisade mesophyll?
26) List at least three differences between the cells of the palisade mesophyll and the cells that make up the other areas within the leaf.
1)
two)
3)
27) How would the cylindrical shape of the palisade mesophyll cells increase the amount of photosynthesis that the leaf can carry out?
28) What would be the advantage(s) to having no chloroplasts in the cells of the spongy mesophyll?
29) Suppose there were many chloroplasts in the cells of the upper epidermis. How would that change the amount of sunlight reaching the chloroplasts in the palisade layer?
30) Considering its locations and your previous knowledge of the word, what do you think might be the function of the epidermis?
31) Considering its locations and your previous knowledge of the word, what do you think might be the function of the epidermis?
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The cuticle covering the upper and lower epidermis of land plants is made of a waxy substance that repels water in much the same way as wax on a paper cup.
32) What is the purpose of having a water-tight covering?
Look carefully at the lower surface of the leaf in Model 3.
33a) What structure is found between guard cells?
33b) How would you describe this structure?
33c) How would this affect the ability of the leaf to retain water especially in dry conditions?
34) Suggest a way in which the stoma and guard cells arrangement might work to control the amount of water that is leaving the leaf.
35) What is the relationship between the stoma and an air space?
36) Looking back at Model 2, what gases might you find inside the air spaces?
37) During the time that stomata (the plural of stoma) are closed, gases cannot enter or leave. Explain how this would affect the plant's ability to do photosynthesis.
38) During the time that stomata (the plural of stoma) are closed, gases cannot enter or leave. Explain how this would affect the plant's ability to do photosynthesis.
39) How would the cuticle and stomata work together to maintain the leaf’s function?
Extension Questions
40) In grammatically correct sentences, trace the path of the reactants for photosynthesis as they enter the leaf.
41) In grammatically correct sentences, trace the path of the products of photosynthesis as they exit the leaf.
help me please
Answers
Animal cells lack chloroplasts; exclusively plant cells contain. The production of sugars, which power the cell's mechanism, is the role of the chloroplast.
What are cells called?Cells are the essential building blocks of all living things. There are two different types of cells: prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus but still possess a nucleoid area, and prokaryotic organisms, which have a nucleus. They provide the body with structure, take in nutrients from food, convert that energy in and out of electricity, and carry out certain functions.
Where do cells come from?Scientists once believed that life organically evolved from inanimate substances. As a consequence of investigations and the invention of the microscope, it is now understood that cells arise from preexisting cells and that life derives from earlier life. Cells mostly come into one of two categories: prokaryotic or eukaryotic.
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5. The finches Darwin discovered on the Galapagos Islands are examples of how
environmental change and isolation can affect a species.
True
False
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Answer:
True
Explanation:
The finches Darwin discovered are genetically different from other finches of the same species because of differences in habitat climate and the habitat itself.
During which cell cycle stage is a cell plate Present and what is its purpose
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As a way to reduce the number of cases of malaria, a human tropical disease, a specific DNA sequence is inserted into the reproductive cells of Anopheles mosquitoes. Which process was most likely used to alter these mosquitoes? Explain your answer
A. cloning studies
B. genetic engineering
C. natural selection
D. random mutations
Answers
Answer:
B. genetic engineering
Explanation:
the dominant allele 'a' occurs with a frequency of 0.37 in a population of kangaroos that is in hardy-weinberg equilibrium. what is the frequency of homozygous recessive individuals?
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The frequency of dominant allele is given as 0.37. According to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, p + q = 1. where p is the frequency of dominant allele and q is the frequency of recessive allele.
So p is given as 0.37. Therefore q = 1-p = 1 - 0.37 = 0.63
Also, p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 where, p2 is the frequency of homozygous dominant individuals; 2pq is the frequency of heterozygous individuals and q2 is the frequency of homozygous recessive individuals.
So the frequency of homozygous recessive individuals is q2 = 0.63 * 0.63 = 0.396
is the homozygous dominant frequency, is the heterozygous frequency, and is the homozygous recessive frequency.
16% of the population shows the recessive phenotype, and therefore must carry the homozygous recessive genotype.
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which of the following sources would likely have mitochondrial DNA but lack nuclear DNA?
a: newly deceased victim
b: highly decomposed skeletal remains
c: biological fluids left at a crime scene
d: hair that has fallen from a suspects head
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The source that would likely have mitochondrial DNA but lack nuclear DNA is highly decomposed skeletal remains; option B.
What is DNA?DNA is the molecule found in living organisms that contains the genetic information of the living organism.
It is a double-stranded helical structure molecule composed of nucleotide monomers linked by phosphodiester bonds.
The DNA in living organisms is found in the nucleus o the cell as well as in the mitochondria of cells.
The DNA in the nucleus is known as nuclear DNA whereas the DNA in the mitochondria is known as mitochondrial DNA.
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Why do you think people believe some theories even if they´re not supported by scientific evidence?
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer would be
1. to understand and have certainty
2. to have control and sense of security.
3. to maintain positive image of one self
Explanation:
Theories that can not be proved or tested or have no scientific evidence about them should not be consider valid, however, some people believe in these theories.
The reason behind these false believe, according studies could be any of these reasons:
1. to understand and have certainty - to understand and have a explanation to satisfy their curiosity.
2. to have control and sense of security - if there is something bother sense of security of individual or group of people.
3. to maintain positive image of one self - to portray them not responsible for any immoral happening or deeds.
Why is it important to include background information in your lab report? to prove that the results of the experiment are scientifically valid so your readers can understand relevant context for the experiment to help other scientists better replicate your experiment to give your readers a summary of the results of the experiment
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The background information of a lab report is important because it provides context for the study, helps readers understand the research's relevance, enables scientists to replicate the experiment, and offers readers a summary of the study's outcomes.
In scientific experiments, a lab report is an important element of the process. A laboratory report provides a summary of the research you conducted, the findings, The lab report should begin with a statement of the experiment's purpose, followed by the background, hypothesis, methodology, results.
The purpose of the background section is to provide your readers with context for the research you conducted. The introduction should provide relevant context for the experiment so that readers can comprehend the importance of the research. The hypothesis states what you intend to accomplish with the experiment.
The methodology section describes the research methods used to achieve your goal. This part should be precise and comprehensive enough to enable another scientist to replicate the study.The results section provides a summary of the findings of the experiment. This section provides a thorough explanation of the findings and their implications for the experiment's objectives.
Overall assessment of the experiment's outcomes. It should restate the purpose of the experiment. It should summarize the results, highlight the important findings, and describe any limitations of the study.
The background information of a lab report is important because it provides context for the study, helps readers understand the research's relevance, enables scientists to replicate the experiment, and offers readers a summary of the study's outcomes. It also helps to prove that the results of the experiment are scientifically valid, providing a thorough explanation of the findings and their implications for the experiment's objectives.
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the gradual decline in men's testosterone levels in middle age can reduce their
a. sexual activity.
b. infertility.
c. lung capacity.
d. thyroid levels.
Answers
The gradual decline in men's testosterone levels in middle age can potentially reduce their a. sexual activity.
Testosterone is the primary manly coitus hormone, and it plays a pivotal part in maintaining sexual function and libido in men. As men age, it's common for testosterone situations to decline gradationally, a process known as andropause or late- onset hypogonadism. This decline in testosterone can lead to colorful changes in the body, including a drop in sexual exertion or desire.
Testosterone is involved in regulating sexual desire, thrill, and performance. Lower situations of testosterone can affect in a drop in sexual provocation, dropped frequence of sexual exertion, and potentially impact erectile function. still, it's important to note that individual gests may vary, and not all men will witness significant changes in sexual exertion as a result of declining testosterone situations.
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If a target cell is continually under-stimulated by a particular hormone it has receptors to, it will increase the number of receptors it has through ______
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If a target cell is continually under stimulated by a particular hormone it has receptors to, it will increase the number of receptors it has through Up regulation.
Upregulation refers to the process by which a target cell increases the number of receptors it has in response to low or inadequate stimulation by a hormone. When a target cell is not receiving enough stimulation from a specific hormone, it can enhance its sensitivity and responsiveness by increasing the number of receptors available for binding.
By upregulating the receptors, the target cell becomes more receptive to the hormone, allowing for a stronger response when the hormone is present in sufficient quantities. This compensatory mechanism helps the target cell adapt to the low stimulation and maintain its responsiveness to the hormone.
Upregulation is a homeostatic response that aims to restore or enhance the cell's sensitivity to a hormone when it is continually under-stimulated. It is an example of a feedback mechanism in the endocrine system that helps maintain proper hormone signaling and balance in the body.
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When light strikes the thylakoid membrane , (underline one) [electrons|photons] within the membrane gaine ____ becoming "excited"
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When light strikes the thylakoid membrane, photons within the membrane gain electrons becoming "excited".
The thylakoid films of a chloroplast is an inner arrangement of interconnected layers, that complete the light responses of photosynthesis. They are stacked and unstacked regions that are referred to as grana and stroma thylakoids, and they have different amounts of photosystem I and II complexes in them.
The establishment of chemiosmotic potential is an essential function of the thylakoid membrane and its integral photosystems. Protons are actively transported from the stroma to the lumen by the electron transport chain's carriers, who make use of some of the electron's energy.
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explain mendel's law of segregation and its relationship to meiosis
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Mendel's Law of Segregation is based on meiosis, which is a process of cell division that separates homologous chromosomes during gamete formation. During meiosis, the homologous chromosomes are separated into two haploid cells, and the genetic information contained within them is redistributed.
The law of segregation states that each gene contains two alleles that segregate or separate during the formation of gametes (sex cells), such that each gamete receives only one of the two alleles. These alleles may be dominant or recessive, and it is the combination of alleles that determines an individual's genetic makeup and physical characteristics.Mendel's law of segregation is related to meiosis in that it explains how genetic information is shuffled and redistributed during the formation of gametes.
Meiosis is the process by which gametes are formed, and it involves the separation of homologous chromosomes to form haploid cells. This process ensures that each gamete receives a unique combination of genetic information from each parent, allowing for genetic diversity within a population.In conclusion, Mendel's law of segregation and its relationship to meiosis can be summarized as follows: during meiosis, homologous chromosomes are separated, and genetic information is redistributed. The law of segregation states that each gene contains two alleles that segregate during gamete formation, such that each gamete receives only one allele. This process ensures genetic diversity within a population and is the basis for Mendel's theory of inheritance.
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What is this ? Convergent boundary, Divergent boundary or Transform boundary? Explain
Answers
Answer:
Divergent boundaries -- where new crust is generated as the plates pull away from each other. Convergent boundaries -- where crust is destroyed as one plate dives under another. Transform boundaries -- where crust is neither produced nor destroyed as the plates slide horizontally past each other.
warm fronts appear on weather maps in areas of
Answers
Answer:
On a weather map, a warm front is usually drawn using a solid red line with half circles pointing in the direction of the cold air that will be replaced. Warm fronts usually move from southwest to northeast. ... A cold front is the transition area where a mass of cold air moves in to replace a mass of warm air.
Explanation:
Answer:Which object is created during the formation of a star?
a nebula
a protostar
a supergiant
a supernova
Explanation:
please help me ....
Answers
Answer:
c goooooooood luck have a nice day
Answer:
its b
Explanation:
C c'b
c'b C c'b c'b c'b
c Cc c'b c
a punnet square to explain
what is the name for the ionic compound formed from sr and p?
Answers
The name for the ionic compound formed from Sr (strontium) and P (phosphorus) is strontium phosphide.
Which has the chemical formula Sr3P2. This compound is formed when strontium, a group 2 (alkaline earth) metal, reacts with phosphorus, a group 15 (non-metal) element, to transfer electrons and form an ionic bond.
The name of the ionic compound formed from Sr (strontium) and P (phosphorus) is strontium phosphide, which has the chemical formula Sr3P2.
To determine the name of an ionic compound, the name of the cation (metal) is written first, followed by the name of the anion (non-metal) with its ending changed to "-ide". In this case, the cation is Sr, and the anion is P, so we add the suffix "-ide" to the name of P, giving us phosphide.
The charge of strontium (Sr) is +2, and the charge of phosphorus (P) is -3. Since the compound must be electrically neutral, we need to have three Sr2+ ions to balance the charge of two P3- ions. Therefore, the chemical formula for strontium phosphide is Sr3P2.
In summary, the name of the ionic compound formed from Sr and P is strontium phosphide (Sr3P2).
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scientists estimate that whaling activity in the 19th and early 20th centuries had reduced the number of adult female southern right whales to as few as sixty individuals by 1920. this reduction resulted in a genetic bottleneck for the species. treaties to stop whaling have substantially increased the number of southern right whales. despite this increase, the bottleneck still threatens the future of the species. which capacity of the species is most severely diminished by the bottleneck?
a. acquiring random mutations
b. responding to environmental changes
c. maintaining a healthy social structure
d. remaining genetically stable.
Answers
The capacity of the southern right whale species that is most severely diminished by the bottleneck is the ability to remain genetically stable and maintain a diverse gene pool.
A genetic bottleneck is a reduction in the size of a population that leads to a loss of genetic diversity. This can occur due to a number of factors, including natural disasters, disease outbreaks, or human activities such as hunting or habitat destruction. In the case of the southern right whales, the population was severely reduced by whaling activity in the 19th and early 20th centuries, leading to a genetic bottleneck. The capacity of the species that is most severely diminished by the bottleneck is the ability to maintain a diverse gene pool, which is necessary for the species to adapt to changing environmental conditions and respond to new challenges. When a population experiences a genetic bottleneck, the number of different genes available for selection is reduced, leading to a loss of genetic diversity. This can make it more difficult for the population to adapt to new challenges and can increase the risk of extinction.
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Distal axonopathy and wallerian degeneration are responses to injury in which component of the nervous system?
Answers
Distal axonopathy and Wallerian degeneration are responses to injury in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
Distal axonopathy and Wallerian degeneration are reactions to injury that principally happen in the fringe sensory system (PNS). The PNS comprises of nerves and ganglia situated external the mind and spinal line.
Distal axonopathy alludes to the degeneration of the distal segments of an axon, which are the branches that expand away from the cell body of a neuron. It is regularly brought about by different factors like harmful substances, metabolic problems, or healthful lacks. In distal axonopathy, the distal pieces of the axon separate and go through degeneration.
Wallerian degeneration, then again, is an interaction that happens following a physical issue to a nerve fiber. It includes the degeneration of the part of the axon that is separated from the cell body. This degeneration happens distal to the site of injury and is joined by the breakdown of myelin sheaths.
Both distal axonopathy and Wallerian degeneration are reactions well defined for the fringe sensory system and are not generally seen in the focal sensory system (CNS), which incorporates the mind and spinal rope.
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