Why are fossil fuels considered to be a nonrenewable resources? Please help

The factors that most directly affect whether a chemical reaction occurs spontaneously are:

1. Temperature: Increasing the temperature generally speeds up chemical reactions. This is because higher temperatures provide more energy to the reactant molecules, increasing their kinetic energy and the likelihood of successful collisions. For example, when heating hydrogen and oxygen gases, they react more rapidly to form water at higher temperatures.

2. Concentration or Pressure: Higher concentrations or pressures of reactant molecules increase the frequency of collisions between them. This leads to a higher chance of successful collisions and thus increases the reaction rate. For instance, increasing the concentration of hydrogen gas in a reaction with nitrogen gas will lead to a faster reaction and the formation of ammonia.

3. Catalysts: Catalysts are substances that increase the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. They work by providing an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy. This allows more reactant molecules to have enough energy to overcome the activation barrier and proceed to the products. For example, enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in our bodies.

4. Nature of Reactants: The chemical composition and properties of the reactants can also affect whether a chemical reaction occurs spontaneously. Some reactions are more likely to occur because of the inherent instability or reactivity of the reactant molecules. For instance, the reaction between sodium and water is highly exothermic and occurs spontaneously due to the high reactivity of sodium metal.

It's important to note that while these factors influence the rate of a reaction, they don't guarantee that a reaction will occur. The concept of spontaneity in chemical reactions is related to thermodynamics, specifically the change in free energy (∆G) during a reaction. A reaction is spontaneous if ∆G is negative, indicating that the reaction will proceed without any external influence.

Overall, these factors collectively determine whether a chemical reaction occurs spontaneously or not, by affecting the collision frequency, energy, and stability of the reactant molecules.

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The factors that most directly affect whether a chemical reaction occurs spontaneously are Temperature, Concentration, Pressure, and Catalysts.

The spontaneity of a reaction is primarily determined by the change in Gibbs free energy (∆G) associated with the reaction. If ∆G is negative, the reaction is spontaneous, while a positive ∆G indicates a non-spontaneous reaction.

The factors that most directly affect whether a chemical reaction occurs spontaneously are the following:

1. Temperature: Increasing the temperature usually increases the rate of a chemical reaction. This is because at higher temperatures, the reactant particles have more kinetic energy, leading to more frequent and energetic collisions. As a result, the reactant molecules are more likely to overcome the activation energy barrier and react.

2. Concentration: Higher concentrations of reactants typically increase the rate of a chemical reaction. This is because when the concentration of reactant particles is higher, there are more collisions between them, leading to a higher probability of successful collisions and therefore an increased reaction rate.

3. Pressure (for gases): For reactions involving gases, increasing the pressure can also increase the reaction rate. This is because higher pressure leads to a higher concentration of gas particles, which in turn increases the frequency of collisions between them.

4. Catalysts: Catalysts are substances that can increase the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. They achieve this by providing an alternative reaction pathway with a lower activation energy. By lowering the activation energy, catalysts make it easier for reactant particles to overcome the energy barrier and react, thereby speeding up the reaction.

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Answer:

that was wrong my bad. just delete my answer

Explanation:

Answer:

A. Cations

Explanation:

To answer this question, you first need to understand the definitions of the answers. A cation is a positively charged ion; this means it lost an electron. An anion is a negatively charged ion that has gained one or more electrons. Proton donors and acceptors don't exist because atoms do not take or give protons. If an atom's number of protons changes then the element itself changes.

Metals have low electronegativity because their number of valence electrons is low; this means they want to get rid of electrons. So, when sodium bonds with another element, it loses an electron. Since it loses an electron it gains a positive charge and becomes a cation.

Answer:

117 grams H₂O

Explanation:

To find the amount, you need to (1) convert from moles HNO₃ to moles H₂O (via mole-to-mole ratio from equation) and then (2) convert from moles H₂O to grams (via molar mass from periodic table). The final answer should have 3 sig figs according the the given value (19.5).

S + 6 HNO₃ --> H₂SO₄ + 6 NO₂ + 2 H₂O

Molar Mass (H₂O): 15.999 g/mol + 2(1.008 g/mol)
Molar Mass (H₂O): 18.015 g/mol

19.5 moles HNO₃         2 moles H₂O          18.015 grams
--------------------------  x  ----------------------  x  ----------------------  = 117 grams H₂O
                                    6 moles HNO₃           1 mole H₂O

You have a graduated cylinder with 20 ml. of water in it. You add 25 g of lead weights, and the volume rises to 42 ml.  the density of lead is 1.13 g/mL.

given data :

mass = 25 g

initial volume , V1 = 20 mL

final volume , V2 = 42 mL

volume = V2 - V1 = 42 mL - 20 mL

volume = 22 mL

density is given as :

Density = mass / volume

density = 25 g / 22 mL

density = 1.13 g/mL

Thus, You have a graduated cylinder with 20 ml. of water in it. You add 25 g of lead weights, and the volume rises to 42 ml.  the density of lead is 1.13 g/mL.

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it is 6,6-Dibromoheptan-2-ol

I hope it helps you

Answer: You would place the apple on the person's head.

Explanation:

2.87 kg will be equal to 2870 grams, when converted using the metric system.

The metric system is a decimalized system of measurement used in many parts of the world. It is based on a decimal system, where the base unit of measurement is the gram. The metric system is the most common system of measurement used in the world today and is used in many scientific and medical applications.

It is based on the decimal system, where units of measurement are based off of a single base unit. It is also easy to convert from one unit of measurement to another, as the conversions are based on multiples of ten. This makes it easier to use and understand and is beneficial in many applications.

In order to convert 2.87 kg to grams, the following steps can be taken:

1. Multiply 2.87 kg by 1000, as there are 1000 grams in 1 kg.

2. 2.87 kg x 1000 = 2870 g

Therefore, 2.87 kg is equal to 2870 grams when using the metric system.

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Answer:

Explanation:

The momentum of an object can be found by using the formula

momentum = mass × velocity

From the question we have

momentum = 0.00001346 * 790204000

= 10636.14584

We have the final answer as

Hope this helps you

Explanation:

hope this helps you.

Answer:

B

Explanation:

Edge 2020

Answer:

B babeeeeeeeeeeeeee

Explanation:

Answer:

Shortest distance between 2 points is called displacemen.

Explanation:

This is because displacement means the distance between 2 points or really the negative distance.

Answer:

acceleration goes on increasing during uniform motio

this is wrong

Explanation:

Because during uniform motion acceleration is always zero .

In water, 1 mole of Al(CLO3)3 (aq) will dissociate into ions according to the stoichiometry of the compound.

The formula for aluminum perchlorate is Al(CLO3)3, which indicates that it contains one aluminum ion (Al3+) and three perchlorate ions (CLO3-). When it dissolves in water, it undergoes dissociation, meaning that the compound breaks apart into its constituent ions.

The dissociation of Al(CLO3)3 can be represented by the following equation:

Al(CLO3)3 (aq) → Al3+ (aq) + 3CLO3- (aq)

From the equation, it is clear that 1 mole of Al(CLO3)3 will dissociate into 1 mole of Al3+ ions and 3 moles of CLO3- ions.

Therefore, the correct answer is:

1 mol Al3+ (aq) and 3 mol CLO3- (aq)

It is important to note that the dissociation of ions in solution is influenced by the solubility and solvation behavior of the compound. In this case, Al(CLO3)3 is a soluble compound in water and readily dissociates into its constituent ions.

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Answer:

Reflection

Hope it will help you

The planet's albedo has ability to reflect light.

The planetary albedo would be the percentage of incoming solar radiation that Earth scatters back into space. The processes that control the quantity, distribution, and fluctuation of this reflected energy are crucial to the Earth's energy balance and have a significant impact on both climate including climate change.

Temperatures rise as a result of carbon dioxide, prolonging the growing season as well as raising the humidity. Each of these elements has stimulated some further plant growth. But hotter weather also stresses plants. Plants require more water to live in an extended, warmer growing season.

Therefore,  the planet's albedo has ability to reflect light.

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Answer: a: 0.04

b: 0

c: x

d: x

e: x

f: 0.04

Explanation:

Mass of aluminum that can be heated is 11.65 gram

It is given that

initial temperature of aluminium = 24 degrees Celsius = 297 K

final temperature of aluminium = 65 degrees celsius = 338 K

heat gain = 430 j of heat

The specific heat capacity is defined as the quantity of heat (J) absorbed per unit mass (kg) of the material when its temperature increases 1 K (or 1 °C), and its units are J/(kg K) or J/(kg °C).

Hence it is important as it will give an indication of how much energy will be required to heat or cool an object of a given mass by a given amount.

Q = mc∆T

Q = Heat energy

m = mass of substance

c = specific heat capacity of substance

∆T = change in temperature

So, specific heat capacity for aluminium is 0.9 J/g K

Q = mc∆T

430 = m x 0.9 x (338 - 297)

430 = m x 0.9 x 41

m = 430/0.9 x 41 = 11.65 gram

Hence, Mass of aluminum that can be heated is 11.65 gram

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Answer:

The number of protons in one atom of an element determines the atom's identity, and the number of electrons determines its electrical charge. The atomic number tells you the number of protons in one atom of an element.

Answer:

Explanation:

Sodium Acetate Trihydrate BP Specifications

Sodium Acetate BP

C2H3NaO2,3H2O

Action and use

Used in solutions for dialysis; excipient.

DEFINITION

Sodium ethanoate trihydrate.

Content

99.0 per cent to 101.0 per cent (dried substance).

CHARACTERS

Appearance

Colourless crystals.

Solubility

Very soluble in water, soluble in ethanol (96 per cent).

IDENTIFICATION

A. 1 ml of solution S (see Tests) gives reaction (b) of acetates.

B. 1 ml of solution S gives reaction (a) of sodium.

C. Loss on drying (As shown in the Relevant Test).

TESTS

Solution S

Dissolve 10.0 g in carbon dioxide-free water prepared from distilled water R and dilute to 100 ml 100 ml with the same solvent.

Appearance of solution

Solution S is clear and colourless.

pH

7.5 to 9.0.

Dilute 5 ml of solution S to 10 ml with carbon dioxide-free water.

Reducing substances

Dissolve 5.0 g in 50 ml of water, then add 5 ml of dilute sulphuric acid and 0.5 ml of 0.002 M potassium permanganate. The pink colour persists for at least 1 h. Prepare a blank in the same manner but without the substance to be examined.

Chlorides

Maximum 200 ppm.

Sulphates

Maximum 200 ppm.

Aluminium

Maximum 0.2 ppm, if intended for use in the manufacture of dialysis solutions.

Arsenic

Maximum 2 ppm, determined on 0.5 g.

Calcium and magnesium

Maximum 50 ppm, calculated as Ca.

Heavy metals

Maximum 10 ppm.

Iron

Maximum 10 ppm, determined on 10 ml of solution S.

Loss on drying

39.0 per cent to 40.5 per cent, determined on 1.000 g by drying in an oven at 130C.

Sodium Acetate FCC Food Grade, US Food Chemical Codex

C2H3NaO2 Formula wt, anhydrous 82.03

C2H3NaO2·3H2O Formula wt, trihydrate 136.08

DESCRIPTION

Sodium Acetate occurs as colorless, transparent crystals or as a granular, crystalline or white powder. The anhydrous form is hygroscopic; the trihydrate effloresces in warm, dry air. One gram of the anhydrous form dissolves in about 2 mL of water; 1 g of the trihydrate dissolves in about 0.8 mL of water and in about 19 mL of alcohol.

Function: Buffer.

REQUIREMENTS

Identification: A 1:20 aqueous solution gives positive tests for Sodium and for Acetate.

Assay: Not less than 99.0% and not more than 101.0% of C2H3NaO2 after drying.

Alkalinity Anhydrous: Not more than 0.2%; Trihydrate: Not more than 0.05%.

Lead: Not more than 2 mg/kg.

Loss on Drying: Anhydrous: Not more than 1.0%; Trihydrate: Between 36.0% and 41.0%.

Potassium Compounds: Passes test.

The percent yield of sodium acetate is 35.09%

Percent yield is the ratio of actual yield divided by theoretical yield multiplied by 100. It gives information regarding the percentage of products formed in the reaction.

Percentage yield = Actual yield / Theoretical yield × 100

We know that,

                 NaHCO₃ + CH₃COOH ⇒ CH₃COONa + CO₂ + H₂O

Given,

Mass of NaHCO₃ = 15g

Concentration of acetic acid = 0.15M

Volume of acetic acid = 125 ml

actual yield of sodium acetate = 0.537g

Number of moles = mass of substance ÷ molar mass

number of moles of NaHCO₃ = 15 ÷ 84

                                               = 0.1785 moles

Moles of acetic acid = Concentration × volume (in L)

                                  = 0.15 × 0.125 = 0.0187 moles

Since, the number of moles of acetic acid is lesser, it is the limiting reagent.

From the reaction,

1 mole of acetic acid gives 1 mole of sodium acetate.

So, 0.0187 moles of acetic acid should give 0.0187 moles of sodium acetate.

Thus, mass of sodium acetate = moles × molar mass

                                                  = 0.0187 × 82

                                                   = 1.53g

Theoretical yield of sodium acetate = 1.53g

Using the formula for percent yield:

Percent yield = (0.537 ÷ 1.53) × 100

                      = 35.09%

Therefore, the percent yield of sodium acetate is 35.09%

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Atoms are composed of a central nucleus surrounded by electrons. The central nucleus contains protons and neutrons. Protons have a positive charge, while neutrons are neutral.

Electrons, on the other hand, have a negative charge. The number of protons in an atom determines its atomic number, which defines its identity as a specific element. For example, an atom with six protons is carbon. Neutrons, although they do not affect the atom's identity, contribute to its mass. Electrons, which are much smaller and lighter than protons and neutrons, orbit around the nucleus in specific energy levels or electron shells. These shells can accommodate a limited number of electrons.

For instance, the first shell can hold up to two electrons, the second shell can hold up to eight, and so on. The arrangement and movement of electrons in these shells determine an atom's chemical properties and how it interacts with other atoms to form compounds. Understanding the composition and behavior of atoms is fundamental to understanding the structure of matter.

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Answer:

They are positively charged

Explanation:

Hope it will help you

Protons are the sub-atomic particles present within the nucleus of the atom. The protons determine the atomic number and carry a positive charge. Thus, options c and d are correct.

Protons have been discovered as the smallest unit or particle of the atom. They are present in the nucleus of the atom situated in the middle along with the neutrons. The protons alone are the characteristics to determine the atomic number and property of the element in the periodic table.

The protons have also been discovered to have a positive charge (+1) on them that binds the atom and electron by the attractive forces. They are heavier than the other particles and are the determinant of the chemical element.

Therefore, options c and d. protons are equivalent to atomic numbers and carry a positive charge is correct.

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By the use of the principles of stoichiometry of the reaction, the number of moles of NO is 4.75 moles

Stoichiometry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the quantitative relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction. It involves using balanced chemical equations to calculate the amounts of reactants needed and the amounts of products produced in a reaction.

We know that;

8 moles of HNO3 produces 2 moles of NO

19 moles of HNO3 can make x moles of NO

x = 19 * 2/8

x = 4.75 moles

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The diffusion coefficients for the interdiffusion of carbon in both (a) α-iron (BCC) and (b) γ-iron (FCC) are \(3.9379 * 10^{-13} m^2/s\) and \(6.37 * 10^{-14} m^2/s.\)

Given the temperature of  Î³-iron (FCC) = 925°C = 273 + 925 = 1198K

The D0 for the interdiffusion of carbon in α-iron =  \(1.1 * 10^{-6}m^2/s\)

The D0 for the interdiffusion of carbon in γ-iron = \(2.3 * 10^{-5}m^2/s\)

The values of Qd of  Î±-iron = 80 kJ/mol while that of  Î³-iron = 148kJ/mol

Let the diffusion coefficient of carbon in α-iron = D1

We know that it is calculated as: D = D0 * exp(-Qd/RT) such that:

Here R is the gas constant = 8.3145 J/mol/K

D1 =  \(1.1 * 10^{-6}m^2/s * exp(-80 kJ/mol / (8.3145 J/mol/K * 1198 K))\)

D1 = \(3.9379 * 10^{-13} m^2/s\)

(b.) Let the diffusion coefficient of carbon in  Î³-iron (FCC) is = D2

Similarly calculate D2 as:  D2 = D0 * exp(-Qd/RT)

D2 = \(2.3 * 10^{-5} m^2/s * exp(-148 kJ/mol / (8.3145 J/mol/K * 1198K))\)

D2 = \(6.37 * 10^{-14} m^2/s\)

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Answer: Total volume of a cylinder shaped tank is the area, A, of the circular end times the length, l. A = π r 2 where r is the radius which is equal to 1/2 the diameter or d/2. Therefore: V(tank) = π r 2 l Calculate the filled volume of a horizontal cylinder tank by first finding the area, A, of a circular segment and multiplying it by the length, l.

Answer:

\(T1=166.66K\)

Explanation:

According to Gay-Lussac’s law simply states that the ratio of the initial pressure and temperature is equal to the ratio of the final pressure and temperature for a gas of a fixed provided that the mass is kept at a constant volume.

Given:

Initial pressure, P1 = 1 atm

Final pressure, P2 = 1.5 atm

Final temperature, T2 = 250 K

The law can be applied using the below formula

P1T2 = P2T1

Then,

T1 = (P1T2)/P1 = (1*250)/(1.5) = 166.66 Kelvin.

\(T1=166.66K\)

:

Answer:

\(T_1=166.7K\)

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, by applying the Gay-Lussac's law which help us to understand the pressure-temperature gas behavior via a directly proportional relationship:

\(\frac{P_1}{T_1} =\frac{P_2}{T_2}\)

In such a way, as we are asked to compute the initial temperature knowing the initial pressure and final both temperature and pressure, so we solve for it:

\(T_1=\frac{T_2P_1}{P_2}=\frac{250K*1atm}{1.5atm} \\\\T_1=166.7K\)

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Explanation:

2×N+8H+c+3O

2×14+8+12+3×16

28+8+12+48

=96

Answer:

Im sure it's 1500 mL

Explanation:

You would have ti multiply by 15 i think

Answer:

It is C) 1500 mL

Explanation:

It is C) 1500 mL

Answer:

After 36 minutes, there will be a population of 800,000 bacteria.

Explanation:

After the first 18 minutes, it will double to 400,000. Then, at 36 minutes, it will have doubled again, giving you 800,000.