Which substance in this redox reaction is the oxidizing agent? cu 2agno3 → 2ag cu(no3)2 a. n b. agno3 c. cu d. no3− e. cu(no3)2

The reaction between 2-bromo-2-methylpropane (commonly known as tert-butyl bromide) and CH3-CH2-OH (ethanol) results in the formation of two products: tert-butyl ethyl ether and hydrogen bromide. The reaction mechanism involved is nucleophilic substitution.

1. Nucleophilic Substitution: Ethanol (CH3-CH2-OH) acts as a nucleophile and replaces the bromine atom in tert-butyl bromide (2-bromo-2-methylpropane) through a nucleophilic substitution reaction.

2. Product 1: The condensed structural formula for tert-butyl ethyl ether (also known as ethoxy-tert-butane) is (CH3)3COCH2CH3. This compound is formed when the ethoxy group (CH3-CH2-O-) of ethanol replaces the bromine atom in tert-butyl bromide.

3. Product 2: Hydrogen bromide (HBr) is formed as a byproduct of the reaction. Its condensed structural formula is HBr.

Therefore, the products of the reaction between 2-bromo-2-methylpropane and CH3-CH2-OH are tert-butyl ethyl ether [(CH3)3COCH2CH3] and hydrogen bromide (HBr). The reaction mechanism involved is nucleophilic substitution.

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Electrons are passed through a series of redox reactions, and each transfer causes protons to be pumped across the membrane. This creates a concentration gradient, which is used to power ATP synthesis through the process of chemiosmosis.

During chemiosmosis in aerobic respiration, protons are pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane from the matrix to the intermembrane space.

Aerobic respiration is a process of producing energy that involves the complete breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen. It is a crucial metabolic pathway that is present in all higher organisms, including humans.Chemiosmosis is the process in which a transmembrane electrochemical gradient drives ATP synthesis. It is an important part of cellular respiration and oxidative phosphorylation.

During the process of oxidative phosphorylation, protons are pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane, which creates a proton gradient that powers the synthesis of ATP. In aerobic respiration, the electron transport chain (ETC) is the primary mechanism that generates the proton gradient.

Electrons are passed through a series of redox reactions, and each transfer causes protons to be pumped across the membrane. This creates a concentration gradient, which is used to power ATP synthesis through the process of chemiosmosis.

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Answer:

Photosynthesis in plants converts solar energy into chemical energy using electrons and protons from water.

Explanation:

The use of carbon dioxide as a blowing agent has several environmental advantages over the use of CFCs and hydrocarbons.

Carbon dioxide is a naturally occurring gas and is non-toxic, non-flammable, and non-ozone depleting. It is also more energy efficient than its alternatives, resulting in lower energy costs.

Additionally, the use of carbon dioxide as a blowing agent reduces the need for other more harmful blowing agents, helping to reduce the environmental impact of their production and use.

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Answer:

a

barium

b

calcium

e

aluminum

f

magnesium

g

copper

Forms cation

Explanation:

The 3 general ways by which a system in equilibrium can be reversed are by changing the concentration of the reactants of products, changing the pressure of the system, and changing the temperature of the system.

Le Chatelier's principle state that when a reaction is in equilibrium and one of the constraints that affect the rate of reactions is applied to the system, the equilibrium shifts so as to cancel out the effects of the constraints.

The constraints being referred to by Le Chatelier are concentration, pressure, and temperature. Increasing or decreasing the pressure of a system in equilibrium will shift the equilibrium to the sides with the lower moles or higher moles respectively.

Increasing the concentration of the reactants will shift the equilibrium toward the product side while increasing the concentration of the products will shift the equilibrium toward the reactant side.

In the same vein, increasing the temperature of a system will sift the equilibrium towards the product if the system itself is endothermic. If the system is exothermic, a reversal will occur.

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Answer:

Overflowing waste containers can lead to drips of potentially hazardous chemicals down the sides. Chemicals and their vapors need room to expand in case of increased temperatures.

When selecting a photometric technique that is more sensitive to a low concentration of analyte, a laboratory director compares absorbance measuring devices against those that measure fluorescence intensity. Fluorescence spectroscopy is considered more sensitive in its measurements.

Spectro-fluorometer works on the above mentioned principle...

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The volume of the H₂ gas is 8.21 L, which is solved by using the ideal gas equation.

A theoretical gas known as an ideal gas is made up of several randomly moving point particles with no interparticle interactions. Because it abides by the ideal gas law, a condensed equation of state, and is amenable to statistical mechanics analysis, the ideal gas concept is helpful.

For a given reaction,

mass of Fe = 20 grams

moles of Fe = 0.3581 mol.

Moles of Hcl can be calculated as =  volume × M

= 4000ml × 0.1

= 4L × 0.1

= 0.4 mol.

2 moles of acid will produce 1 mole of H₂ gas by reacting with the metal

if 0.4 mol of HCl reacted, it produce 0.2 mol H₂ gas

given that,

p = 0.5 atm

T = 250K

R = 0.0821

n = 0.2

V =?

substituting the given value in the ideal gas equation:

pV =nRT

V= (n/p)× R T

V = (0.2 mol/0.5atm) × 0.0821L.atm.mol⁻¹K⁻¹ × 250K

V = 8.21 L

Hence, the volume of the H₂ gas is 8.21 L, which is solved by using the ideal gas equation.

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Answer:

exothermic

Explanation:

take a rubber band between the first two finger of each hand

stretch it, release, stretch is release over and over fast

put the rubber band on you cheek and feel the heat

You RELEASED HEAT, HEAT CAME OUT, HEAT EXITED THE RUBBER

so the process is EXO(EXITS)-THERMIC (HEAT)

The volume, in milliliters, of the krypton gas is 523ml.

The Ideal gas law is the equation of state of a hypothetical ideal gas. It is a good approximation to the behaviour of many gases under many conditions, although it has several limitations. The ideal gas equation can be written as

                                    PV = nRT

where,

P = Pressure

V = Volume

T = Temperature

n = number of moles

Given,

Mass = 10g

Pressure = 563 mm Hg

Temperature = 298 K

moles of Kr =mass / atomic mass

= 10 / 84

= 0.119 moles

PV = nRT

563 × V = 0.119 × 8.314 × 298

V = 0.523L = 523ml

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a. Since bοth substances are isοlated and insulated, the heat transfer οccurs frοm the hοt side (argοn) tο the cοld side (helium).

b. The final temperature is apprοximately 550 K.

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What is Stoichiometry?

In chemical equations, unless stated otherwise, the reactants and products will theoretically always remain in stoichiometric ratios.

The stoichiometry of a reaction is the relationship between the relative quantities of products and reactants, typically a ratio of whole integers.

Consider the following chemical reaction: aA + bB ⇒ cC + dD.

The stoichiometry of reactants to products in this reaction is the ratio of the coefficients of each species: a : b : c : d.

Now let's apply this knowledge to the question to be attempted:

first, we can start by writing out a balanced chemical equation, with states.

NH₃(g) + HCl(g) ⇒ NH₄Cl(s). This is an example of an acid/base decomposition reaction.

Hence, the stoichiometry of this reaction is 1 : 1 : 1

Now we can calculate the number of moles of each reactant that we have, by dividing the mass present (g; symbol = m), by the molar mass (g/m; symbol = M).

Next, we need to determine if, in the reaction, the substances ARE present in stoichiometric ratios. If they are not, then we need to identify the limiting reagent (the reactant which reacts completely), and the excess reagent (the reactant which is not completely used up). We can do this by inputting the mole values in the question into the ratios, until we figure out which doesn't match up.

Limiting reagent = HCl; Excess reagent = NH₃

[note: in this situation, the stoichiometry is 1 : 1, so it's very easy to determine the limiting reagent)

(i) which of the reactants was in excess and by how much

NH₃ is in excess of 0.2647 mol

(ii) how much ammonium chloride was formed?

Now we use the limiting reagent, HCl, to calculate moles of NH₄Cl formed, using our stoichiometric ratios.

Moles of NH₄Cl = moles of HCl = 0.8533 mol

(iii) how much more of the insufficient reactant would be needed to completely react with the excess of the other reactant?

Since we use our stoichiometric ratios, if NH₃ is limiting reagent, then we require 0.2647 extra mol of HCl to react.

Answer:

A

Explanation:

If its going at a constant speed it will not accelarate wich means to speed up.

Answer

The Ozone Layer

Explanation

Higher up, in the stratosphere, the ozone layer absorbs solar ultra-violet radiation and affects how much of the Sun's heat is radiated back into space. The ozone layer shields us from the harmful effects of excessive UV radiation, which can lead to sunburn, skin cancer and eye damage.

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Answer: Potassium bromide

Explanation:

Since the start of the industrial revolution more than 200 years ago, human activity has led to an increase in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2). The pH of the ocean's surface waters has decreased by 0.1 pH units throughout this time.

A significant and swift transition in an economy (as in late-18th-century England) signaled by the widespread adoption of power-driven machinery or by a significant shift in the prevalent forms and applications of such machinery.

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The number of formula units present in 4.80×10⁻³ mole of NaI is 2.89×10²¹ formula units

From Avogadro's hypothesis, we understood that 1 mole of NaI contains 6.022×10²³ formula units as shown below

1 mole of NaI = 6.022×10²³ formula units

Therefore, we can obtain the formula units in 4.80×10⁻³ mole of NaI as follow:

From Avogadro's hypothesis,

1 mole of NaI = 6.022×10²³ formula units

Therefore

4.80×10⁻³ mole of NaI = 4.80×10⁻³ × 6.022×10²³

4.80×10⁻³ mole of NaI = 2.89×10²¹ formula units

Thus, the formula units present is 2.89×10²¹ formula units

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Answer:

Explanation:

The volume of the inner cylinder = πr^2h

                                             = π*4*18

                                            = 72π

The volume of the big cylinder= πr^2h

                                                  = π*16*18

                                                  = 288π

The volume of the cone= \(\frac{1}{3}\) πr^2h

                                       = 1/3 * π*16*5

                                      = 1/3*80π

The total volume= 1/3*80π - 72π+288π

                           = 1/3*80π+116π

                           = (80+348)π/3

                           = 428π/3

                          = 428 * 3.14/3

                         = 1343.92/3

                         =447.9733cubic inches

the mistake that the student might have done is adding the whole volume of the cylinder without subtracting the volume of the hollow.

The rate of an S N 1 reaction is dependent on the concentration of the substrate (the molecule undergoing reaction), not the nucleophile. For this reason the given statement is false.

In an S N 1 reaction, the substrate first undergoes a unimolecular, or rate-determining, step in which the substrate molecule collapses to form a carbocation intermediate. This carbocation intermediate is then attacked by the nucleophile in a separate, much faster step. Since the rate-determining step involves the substrate, the rate of an S N 1 reaction is dependent on the concentration of the substrate and not the nucleophile.

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The difference between the first and second ionization energy of an element is second ionization energy is larger than first ionization energy.

Ionization energy is the energy required to remove the electron . First ionization energy is the amount of energy required to remove the electron from neutral atom such as M. while second ionization energy is the amount of energy required to remove electron from positively charged ion such as M⁺.

first ionization energy is given as :

M --->   M⁺  +    e⁻    ,  IE1

second ionization energy is given as :

M⁺    ---->    M²⁺    +     e⁻   ,  IE2

Thus,  The difference between the first and second ionization energy of an element is second ionization energy is larger than first ionization energy.

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The initial and final states of the hydrogen atom would be 4 and 2.27 respectively.

The energy of a photon can be calculated using the formula: E = hc/λ, where h is Planck's constant, c is the speed of light, and λ is the wavelength of the photon.

The energy released when a hydrogen atom transitions from an excited state to a lower energy state can be calculated using the formula: ΔE = Efinal - Einitial, where Efinal is the energy of the final state and Einitial is the energy of the initial state.

We know that the hydrogen atom emits a photon of wavelength 410 nm, so we can calculate its energy:

E = hc/λ = (6.626 x 10^-34 J s) x (3.00 x 10^8 m/s) / (410 x 10^-9 m) = 4.84 x 10^-19 J

This energy corresponds to the energy difference between the initial and final states of the hydrogen atom.

We can use the Rydberg equation to calculate the energy levels of hydrogen:

1/λ = R (1/ninitial^2 - 1/nfinal^2)

Rearranging the equation gives:

1/nfinal^2 = R/λ + 1/ninitial^2

Substituting the values we know:

1/nfinal^2 = (1.097 x 10^7 m^-1) / (410 x 10^-9 m) + 1/ninitial^2

Solving for nfinal:

nfinal = sqrt(1 / ((1.097 x 10^7 m^-1) / (410 x 10^-9 m) + 1/ninitial^2))

To find the initial state, we need to try different values of ninitial and see which one gives us the correct energy difference. We know that the energy difference is:

ΔE = Efinal - Einitial = 4.84 x 10^-19 J

Using ninitial = 3, we get:

nfinal = sqrt(1 / ((1.097 x 10^7 m^-1) / (410 x 10^-9 m) + 1/3^2)) ≈ 2.75

ΔE = (-(2.18 x 10^-18 J) / nfinal^2) - (-(2.18 x 10^-18 J) / 3^2) ≈ 4.76 x 10^-19 J

This is close to the energy difference we calculated earlier, but not exact. We need to try a different value of ninitial.

Using ninitial = 4, we get:

nfinal = sqrt(1 / ((1.097 x 10^7 m^-1) / (410 x 10^-9 m) + 1/4^2)) ≈ 2.27

ΔE = (-(2.18 x 10^-18 J) / nfinal^2) - (-(2.18 x 10^-18 J) / 4^2) ≈ 4.84 x 10^-19 J

This is the correct energy difference, so the initial state of the hydrogen atom is ninitial = 4 and the final state is nfinal ≈ 2.27.

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Answer:

Magnesium chloride

Answer:

b

Explanation:

Answer:

ion

Explanation:

that is the definition according to g o o g l e:

"an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons."

Answer:

An ION

Explanation:

Because a positive ion is called a CATION and a negative ion is called an ANION (Please brainlist me)

Answer:

-460 Im pretty sure

Explanation:

Answer:

D

Explanation:

Does not require energy ...may be slow or fast....