Which scientist developed the planetary model that stated electrons were found in specific energy levels around the nucleus?
a. Earnest Rutherford
b. Max Planck
c. Neils Bohr
d. James Cahdwick
e. J.J. Thompson

The value of the gas constant will be high due to the increase in gas pressure.

Solution:

According to Ideal Gas Law, PV=nRT

where, P = Gas pressure (in atmospheres),   V= Gas Volume (in Liters),  n = number of moles of gas sample T=  Gas Temperature (in Kelvins), R = Gas Constant.

\(\therefore R=\frac{(P\ast V)}{(n\ast T)}\) ....... (1)  

P = \(P_{atm}\) - \(P_{water vapor}\)

where = Atmospheric pressure\(P_{water vapor}\) = Partial pressure of water vapor.

If students forgot to include the vapor pressure of water in the calculation of gas constant then the magnitude of pressure due to gas(P) will be more because they are not substracting the Water vapor value from the \(P_{atm}\)to get the actual P value.

The value of the gas constant will be high due to the increase in gas pressure.

The ideal gas constant R can be found experimentally by determining the number of moles of gas occupying a given volume of measurement at a known pressure and temperature. This information is obtained in this laboratory by collecting the oxygen produced by the decomposition of potassium chlorate over water. The water level inside the tube should match the water level outside the tube.

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The structure of the 4-ethyl-2-methyl-3-propyl heptanoic acid is shown in the image attached

The arrangement and connectivity of the atoms within a molecule are referred to as the structure of an organic substance. Along with other elements including oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and halogens, organic molecules are largely made of carbon atoms bound to hydrogen atoms.

It is crucial to remember that organic compounds can exist in several isomeric forms, where the same chemical formula leads to various structural configurations. The connection of atoms or the spatial arrangement of atoms in three-dimensional space might vary between isomers.

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The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with values below 7 considered acidic, 7 being neutral, and values above 7 being alkaline. Hair and scalp have a slightly acidic pH, and using a pH-balanced shampoo helps maintain the natural balance.

The characteristic that identifies a pH-balanced shampoo is having a pH level close to the natural pH level of the hair and scalp, which is around 4.5 to 5.5. Therefore, a pH-balanced shampoo will have a pH level in the acidic to neutral range, typically between 4.5 and 5.5, to avoid causing damage or disrupting the natural pH balance of the hair and scalp.

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A pH-balanced shampoo should have a pH between 4.5 and 5.5, contain mild acids or bases, and help to keep the hair and scalp's natural pH level balanced.

A pH-balanced shampoo is important because it prevents the scalp from becoming too dry or too oily. It ensures that the hair cuticle is closed, reducing frizz and improving shine. Using a pH-balanced shampoo can also help maintain the effectiveness of other hair products.

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When any chemical equation is not balanced then that is known as skeletal chemical equation. We need to balance it because as we know that mass can neither be created nor be distroyed and also the number of atoms on the reactant side should always be equal to the compounds on the product side .

To completely combust 12.8 g of O₂ (molar mass 32.0 g/mol), approximately 4.0 L of C₃H₈ (molar mass 44.0 g/mol) at STP would be required.

The balanced chemical equation for the combustion of propane (C₃H₈) is:

C₃H₈ + 5 O₂ → 3 CO₂ + 4 H₂O

To solve this problem, we need to use the concept of molar ratios derived from the balanced equation. The molar ratio between C₃H₈ and O₂ is 1:5, meaning that for every 1 mole of C₃H₈, 5 moles of O₂ are required for complete combustion.

First, we calculate the number of moles of O₂:

moles of O₂ = mass of O₂ / molar mass of O₂ = 12.8 g / 32.0 g/mol = 0.4 mol

Using the molar ratio, we find the number of moles of C₃H₈ required:

moles of C₃H₈ = moles of O₂ / 5 = 0.4 mol / 5 = 0.08 mol

Finally, we can convert the moles of C₃H₈ to volume at STP using the ideal gas law:

volume of C₃H₈ = moles of C₃H₈ * molar volume at STP

Since 1 mole of gas occupies 22.4 L at STP:

volume of C₃H₈ = 0.08 mol * 22.4 L/mol = 1.792 L

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Answer:

the nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons

Answer:

C, Si, Al

Explanation:

We use periodic trends to help us find the atomic radii. The trend for atomic radii on the Periodic Table of Elements is down and to the left. So whichever elements are furthest to the left and farthest down have the largest atomic radii.

Answer

-52.2 Joules

Explanation

Given that;

Mass of krypton, m = 12.3 g

Temperature change, ΔT = 22.2°C - 39.3°C = -17.1°C

The specific heat of gaseous krypton, c = 0.248 J/g°C.

What to find:

The energy change, Q.

Step-by-step solution:

The energy change, Q can be determined using:

Q = mcΔT

Putting the values of the given parameters into the formula, this yields:

Therefore the energy change = -52.2 Joules

The question is incomplete, the complete question is;

As Danny was pouring cereal for his breakfast, he noticed that the cereal box says that the cereal contains 5 milligrams of iron per serving. Danny decided to perform an experiment to test this claim. He found that the cereal contains 4.6 milligrams of iron per serving. Based on Danny's measurement, the value reported on the label is ( CORRECT OR INCCORECT) because A: (IT IS DIFFERENT FROM THE VALUE DANNY MEASURED) B: (IT IS REORTED TO THE NEAREST MILLIGRAM) C: (IT USES THE SAME UNITS THAT DANNY USED).

Answer:

CORRECT because IT IS REORTED TO THE NEAREST MILLIGRAM

Explanation:

In mathematics, values may be rounded up or down as required. In the case of this measurement of cereals by Danny, it is customary to measure the amount of iron per serving to the nearest milligram.

As such, even though Danny found out that the actual amount of iron per serving in the cereal is 4.6 milligrams, the value reported on the cereal box is still correct because it was reported to the nearest milligram hence the value had to be rounded up.

Answer:

1.75

Explanation:

if you add

When the central carbon has a square planar geometry, how many stereoisomers are possible for CHBrClF? Let's find out:

The stereochemical formula of a molecule can reveal its stereochemistry. Stereochemistry is the field of study that deals with the three-dimensional orientation of atoms in a molecule. The carbon atom in CHBrClF is at the center, with four atoms attached to it. A square planar geometry is formed when four atoms are attached to a carbon atom. A stereochemical formula may also represent a molecule's geometry. When it comes to stereochemistry, a stereochemical formula is the most important.

A single stereoisomer is possible for CHBrClF if the central carbon has a square planar geometry. This indicates that there is no chiral center. Only one possible geometry is present because of this. CHBrClF has a square planar structure with a central carbon atom surrounded by four atoms: bromine, chlorine, hydrogen, and fluorine.

The carbon atom has two pairs of electrons in the axial direction and two atoms in the equatorial plane. The equatorial atoms have a more stable location than the axial atoms. The bromine and the fluorine atoms are located in the equatorial plane, whereas the hydrogen and chlorine atoms are in the axial direction.

Therefore, only one stereoisomer is possible for CHBrClF if the central carbon has a square planar geometry.

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The compound, \(PdCl4^2-,\) contains a total charge of 2-.Since Cl is a halogen, the oxidation number of Cl is usually -1. Therefore, the sum of the oxidation numbers of the four Cl atoms in the compound is -4.

If we let x be the oxidation number of Pd, then we can set up the equation below. \(x + (-4) = -2x = +2\)  the oxidation number of Pd in \(PdCl4^2- is +2.b)\) The compound, \(Mg(C2H3O2)2,\) is neutral since it is not an ion.Therefore, the sum of the oxidation numbers in the compound equals 0.

If we let x be the oxidation number of C, then we can set up the equation below. \(2x + 2(-1) + (+2) = 0\) Simplifying this equation yields \(2x - 2 + 2 = 02x = 0x = 0\)

Therefore, the oxidation number of C in\(Mg(C2H3O2)2\) is 0.The ion, \(UO2^2+,\) contains a total charge of 2+.Oxygen is almost always assigned an oxidation number of -2. Therefore, the sum of the oxidation numbers of the two O atoms in the ion is -4.

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Answer:

1.9 x 10^-20 Joules

Explanation:

I'll assume the frequency is 2.9 x 10^13 Hz  [5-1 was meant to be s^-1].

The energy of a photon is given by the releationship:

 E = hf, where E is energy, h is Planck's constant, and f is frequency, in 1/s or Hz.

Planck's constant = 6.62607E-34 J*s

E = hf

E = (6.626 x 10^-34 J*s)*(2.9 x 10^13 s^-1)

E = 1.9 x 10^-20 Joules

Answer: The farther away the moon is from earth the lower the tides would be.

Explanation: Because of the moons close proximity to Earth its gravity pulls up on water which causes the high and low tides, therefore if the moon is farther away its effect would be lessened.

Because of the moons close proximity to Earth its gravity pulls up on water which causes the high and low tides, therefore if the moon is farther away its effect would be lessened.

On the planet, tides rise and fall due to the moon's gravitational pull and the Earth's rotating force. The animals that are most impacted by tidal changes in coastal regions have special survival strategies.

A tide is the term used to describe the seawater's alternating approach and retreat along a shoreline. At high tide, the water reaches the shoreline to the greatest extent. When the tide recedes the most, it is at low tide.

The two primary causes of high and low tides are the Earth's rotation and the moon's gravitational pull on the planet. The Moon's pull is greatest on the side of the Earth nearest to it, and as a result, the oceans rise and high tides are produced.

Therefore,  Because of the moons close proximity to Earth its gravity pulls up on water which causes the high and low tides, therefore if the moon is farther away its effect would be lessened.

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Answer:

true.

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation:

The correct answer is B. isotopes.

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. This difference in the number of neutrons leads to variations in their atomic mass but does not affect their chemical properties or reactivity. Isotopes of an element have similar chemical behaviors but may have slightly different physical properties due to the difference in atomic mass.

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Respuesta:

Los modelo atómicos han permitido representar el modo de funcionamiento de los átomos. A lo largo de la historia han surgido un numero de modelos atómicos diferentes incluyendo los modelos de Bohr, Thomson, Rutherford, Sommerfeld, Dalton y Schrödinger.

Explicación:

El modelo atómico propuesto por John Dalton (1808) demostró que las sustancias químicas reaccionan en proporciones fijas y cómo mediante su combinación se producen elementos diferentes. Dalton fue el primero en postular la existencia de elementos indivisibles llamados átomos. A continuación, Thomson (1904) desarrolló un modelo en el cual el átomo estaba compuesto por protones con carga positiva y electrones con carga negativa los cuales se incrustaban uniformemente dentro de este átomo, asemejándose a las pasas de uva de un budín. En 1911, Ernest Rutherford desarrolló un nuevo modelo donde la masa principal del átomo tenía carga positiva y se localizaban en el núcleo, mientras que los electrones con carga negativa se posicionaban en la región externa del átomo. Subsecuentemente, Niels Bohr (1913) represento el funcionamiento del átomo de hidrógeno mediante un protón inmóvil en el núcleo atómico y un electrón girando a su alrededor. El modelo atómico de Sommerfeld permitió generalizar el diagrama de Bohr a otros tipos de átomos mas allá del Hidrógeno, incluyendo diferentes niveles energéticos para cada átomo particular. El modelo de Schrödinger​ (1926) permitió corregir aquellas discordancias surgidas del modelo atómico de Bohr. Schrödinger incluyó diferentes niveles y subniveles de energía a los electrones e incorporó órbitas elípticas a su movimiento, con lo cual permitiendo predecir los efectos relativos de los campos magnético y eléctrico sobre el movimiento de los electrones.

Answer:

Beryllium has 2 dots and Carbon has 4

The statement "Bond polarity and molecular shape determine molecular polarity, which is measured as a dipole moment" is true because  Bond polarity and molecular shape are crucial factors in determining the overall molecular polarity, which is quantified as a dipole moment

Bond polarity refers to the uneven distribution of electrons in a covalent bond, where one atom has a greater electronegativity than the other. This results in a partial positive charge on one end of the bond and a partial negative charge on the other end.

Molecular polarity is determined by the sum of all bond polarities and the overall shape of the molecule. In a symmetrical molecule, the bond polarities cancel each other out, resulting in a nonpolar molecule with no dipole moment. In an asymmetrical molecule, the bond polarities do not cancel out, resulting in a polar molecule with a dipole moment.

The dipole moment is a measure of the magnitude of the molecular polarity, and it is represented by a vector pointing from the negative end to the positive end of the molecule. It is measured in Debyes (D) and is influenced by both the bond polarity and the molecular shape.

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Enthalpy change of Pentane (C5H12)  that burns is -3,270.5  kJ

Enthalpy change is defined as the difference in enthalpy of total products and reactants, each multiplied by the respective moles. It is expressed as ΔH°rxn

The formula for calculating the enthalpy change of a reaction is:

ΔH°rxn =∑[n x ΔH°f(product) - ∑[n x ΔH°f(reactant)]

The equilibrium reactions are:

C₅H₁₂(l) + 8O₂(g) ⇒ 5CO₂(g) +6H₂O(g)

ΔH°f(CO₂)(g) = -393.5 kJ/mol

ΔH°f(H₂O)(g) = - 241.8 kJ/mol

ΔH°f(C₅H₁₂)(l) = -146.8 kJ/mol

ΔH°f(O₂)(g) = 0 kJ/mol

The equation for the enthalpy change for the above reaction is:

ΔH°rxn =∑[n x ΔH°f(product) - ∑[n x ΔH°f(reactant)]

ΔH°rxn =∑[(n(CO₂) x ΔH°f(CO₂)) + (n(H₂O) x ΔH°f(H₂O)) ]- ∑[(n x ΔH°f(C₅H₁₂)) + (n x ΔH°f(O₂))]

ΔH°rxn =[( 5 x -393.5) + (6 x - 241.8 ) ]- [(1 x -147.8) + (8 x O₂)]

ΔH°rxn = -3,418.3 -(-147.8)

ΔH°rxn = -3,270.5  kJ

Therefore, the enthalpy of burning 1 mole of pentane is -3,270.5  kJ

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The excess of ethanol used in esterification, expressed as mol ethanol/mol salicylic acid, can be determined by the stoichiometric ratio, where a ratio higher than 1 indicates excess ethanol.

To calculate the excess of ethanol used in esterification, we need to determine the stoichiometric ratio between ethanol and salicylic acid. The balanced equation for the esterification reaction between ethanol (C2H5OH) and salicylic acid (C7H6O3) is:

C2H5OH + C7H6O3 → C9H8O4 + H2O

From the equation, we can see that 1 mol of ethanol reacts with 1 mol of salicylic acid to produce 1 mol of the ester (C9H8O4) and 1 mol of water. Therefore, the stoichiometric ratio of ethanol to salicylic acid is 1:1.If excess ethanol is used, it means more than 1 mol of ethanol is present for every 1 mol of salicylic acid. The excess of ethanol can be expressed as mol ethanol/mol salicylic acid. So, if, for example, 2 mol of ethanol were used for 1 mol of salicylic acid, the excess of ethanol would be 2/1 = 2 mol ethanol/mol salicylic acid.



In summary,   the excess of ethanol used in esterification, expressed as mol ethanol/mol salicylic acid, can be determined by the stoichiometric ratio, where a ratio higher than 1 indicates excess ethanol.

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Answer: biology is the study of life

Source:trust me bro

Two substances, a and b were heated. Both substances change color. when cooled, both substances return to their original colors.

Changes within the size or form of matter are examples of physical change. Physical changes include transitions from one state to a different , like from solid to liquid or liquid to gas. Cutting, bending, dissolving, freezing, boiling, and melting are a number of the processes that create physical changes.

Physical changes occur when objects or substances undergo a change that doesn't change their chemical composition. This contrasts with the concept of chemical process in which the composition of a substance changes or one or more substances combine or break up to form new substances.

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The molarity of a solution is calculated by dividing the number of moles of solute by the volume of the solution in litres.
Therefore, the molarity of the H₂CO solution is 13.30 mol/L.

In this case, we have 5.50 L of a 13.3 M H₂CO solution. To find the molarity, we need to calculate the number of moles of H₂CO and divide it by the volume of the solution.

The formula weight of H₂CO is 30.03 g/mol. To convert from molarity to moles, we multiply the molarity by the volume in liters:

13.3 mol/L × 5.50 L = 73.15 mol

So we have 73.15 moles of H₂CO in 5.50 L of solution.

Finally, to find the molarity, we divide the number of moles by the volume of the solution:

73.15 mol ÷ 5.50 L = 13.30 mol/L

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Answer: There are 2.161 x 10^24 molecules present in 3.6 moles CH₁.

Explanation:

Molecules are the the lowest fundamental unit of a chemical molecule that can participate in a chemical reaction is a group of bound atoms. Avogadro's number is used to calculate the number of molecules present in a mole of a substance

Avogadro's number of particles, or around 6.022 x 1023 molecules, are present in one mole of any substance. Therefore the following would be present in 3.6 moles of CH1:

2.161 x 1024 particles are equal to 3.6 moles times 6.022 x 1023 particles per mole.

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To plate out 7.10 g of chromium, this current will have to be applied for 2.52 hours.

What is Electroplating?

Electroplating is a process in which a metal ion present in a solution is deposited on an electrode by the use of an electric current. The metal ion's positive charge is neutralized as it accepts electrons from the negatively charged cathode (the electrode to be plated). The anode (the electrode with the metal to be deposited) oxidizes and dissolves into the electrolyte solution, providing metal ions to replenish those deposited on the cathode.

The formula to calculate the time is given as;

Time = (Weight of metal)/(Current × 96500 × electrochemical equivalent weight).

How long (in hours) would this current have to be applied to plate out 7.10 g of chromium?

We have;

Weight of chromium, w = 7.10 gCurrent, I = 5.40 AElectrochemical equivalent weight, E = 0.52

The formula to calculate the time is given as;

Time = (Weight of metal)/(Current × 96500 × electrochemical equivalent weight)Substituting the values;

Time = 7.10/(5.40 × 96500 × 0.52)Time = 2.52 hours.

Therefore, to plate out 7.10 g of chromium, this current will have to be applied for 2.52 hours.

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it is essential to act quickly and follow proper safety measures when dealing with hazardous chemicals like concentrated HCl.

If concentrated HCl comes into contact with your skin, follow these steps:
1. Immediately rinse the affected area with plenty of water, using a gentle stream for at least 15 minutes. This will help to dilute and remove the HCl from your skin.
2. Remove any clothing or jewelry that may have been contaminated with the HCl, being cautious not to spread the chemical to other parts of your body.
3. While rinsing, avoid rubbing or scrubbing the skin as this may worsen the irritation.
4. After rinsing, gently pat the area dry with a clean cloth or paper towel.
5. Seek medical attention, especially if the skin is severely irritated or burned, or if the HCl contacted a sensitive area such as the eyes or mouth.
Remember, it is essential to act quickly and follow proper safety measures when dealing with hazardous chemicals like concentrated HCl.

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