Which postulate of Dalton’s atomic theory has not been disproved by further investigation?
A. All matter is made of tiny particles called atoms.
B. Atoms are indivisible and indestructible.
C. All atoms of a given element have the same mass.
D. Atoms of an element are all identical.

Answer:a

Explanation:

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Answer:

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Answer:

polyatomic ion

Explanation:

Answer and Explanation: A group of covalently bonded atoms that has an overall electrical charge is called a polyatomic ion, which is the choice c.

Kp = 0.77 in the equilibria H₂(g) + CO₂(g) ⇄ H₂O(g) + CO(g); Kc = 0.77 at 1020K

We know that Kp = \(Kc(RT)^{\Delta n}\)

Lets find Δn

Δn = \(n_{gas}\) on the product side - \(n_{gas}\) on the reactants side

      = (1 + 1) - (1 + 1)        

      = 0

So, now we have

Kc = 0.77

R = 0.08206  L.atm/K.mol

T = 1020K

Δn = 0

So Substituting the value in Kp = \(Kc(RT)^{\Delta n}\) we get

Kp = 0.77(0.08206 × 1020K)⁰

Kp = 0.77(1)

Kp = 0.77

Kp is an equilibrium constant depending on partial pressure. The ratio of reactants to products in a reaction at equilibrium is disclosed.

A few Kp characteristics are:

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Answer:

if a non-metal takes two valence electrons then it get negatively charged to form ion.

Answer:

The nonmetal will gain a negative charge of magnitude 2

Explanation:

X be the nonmetal

On gaining two electrons

X^2-

A subunit of an organic compound that confers particular chemical and physical properties is termed, a functional group. Correct answer: letter C.

These groups are responsible for the reactivity of the molecule and the way it interacts with other molecules.

Functional groups are important components of organic compounds. They are groups of atoms that are responsible for the unique physical and chemical properties of an organic compound. These properties, in turn, determine the behavior of a compound in a variety of reactions.

Functional groups are key to understanding why organic compounds behave the way they do. For example, an organic compound with a hydroxyl group (OH) is likely to react differently than one without it. As the hydroxyl group is responsible for the compound's behavior, it can be said that the hydroxyl group is a subunit of the organic compound that confers particular chemical and physical properties.

A subunit of an organic compound that confers particular chemical and physical properties is termed ________

A) A monomer.

B) An oligomer.

C) A functional group.

D) A synthetic unit.

E) An isomer.

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Answer:

114

Explanation:

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One limitation to science is that it cannot answer questions about morality.

Science is defined as the systematic study of a structure through careful experiment and observations.

However, there are limitations that are encountered in the field of science which include the questions that science cannot answer.

Some of the limitations of science include the following:

Science cannot answer the question of morality because it doesn't have a link of how man makes his judgement through his consciousness and how ethics, scope of cultural, religious and social influences affects his decisions.

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Answer:

So, the atomicity of noble gases is 1. Example. ... So, the atomicity of hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, chlorine, bromine and iodine is 2 each.

Explanation:

So, the atomicity of noble gases is 1. Example. ... So, the atomicity of hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, chlorine, bromine and iodine is 2 each.

could  help

Assuming ideal gas behavior, the molar mass of the gas can be calculated using the equation: molar mass = density * volume * molar mass of air.

For this calculation, the density is 1.21 g/L, the volume is 1 L, and the molar mass of air is 28.9 g/mol. This gives a molar mass of 30467922 g/mol for the gas.

The molar mass of a gas can be used to determine its molecular weight and the number of moles of the gas present in a sample. This can be useful for a variety of calculations, such as determining the amount of heat energy released or absorbed when a gas undergoes a chemical reaction.

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The isotope symbol that fits each description is as follows: 68 neutrons, 47 electrons is Ag b. mass number = 197, 79 electrons is Au c. atomic number = 86, 136 neutrons is Rn d. atomic number = 76, mass number = 192 is Os.

Isotopes are two or more atom types that share the same atomic number (number of protons in their nuclei), location in the periodic table, and chemical element but have distinct nucleon numbers (mass numbers) as a result of having a different number of neutrons in their nuclei. Although the chemical properties of each isotope of a given element are nearly identical, they differ in their atomic weights and physical characteristics.

The name "isotope" refers to the fact that different isotopes of the same element occupy the same location on the periodic table. The word "isotope" is derived from Greek origins that mean "the same place".

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Answer:

One reason for Jennelle's designs working better is because her aluminum foil sunlight reflector was larger. So. the size of the reflective surface does affect the temperature of the oven. For any given design, the larger the insolated area, the greater the power. Meaning a smaller cooker only collects a small amount of sunlight; no matter how good the design. 

That is one reason why the parabolic solar oven design works so well. Parabolic solar cookers use a parabolic-shaped reflector to direct sunlight to a small area in order to generate heat for cooking. They are able to reach temperatures as high as 400°F. 

Insulating the oven would help it retain heat. Insulation lets you collect more heat and light energy, which allows you to raise the temperature to even higher levels. So, insulation is anything that lets you "hold on to" that collected heat and lose less of it.

A tighter cover would heat the oven faster rather than a looser cover. The parabolic design doesn't have a cover, although the food itself is usually in a pot or container.  

Explanation:

In most designs, using a tighter cover and increasing the reflecting surface will both raise the temperature. Insulation will, however, typically lower the temperature.

It is frequently necessary to add, remove, or adjust elements while designing a product in order to increase its efficiency. The temperature and how to raise or lower it is among the aspects taken into account in items like ovens.

Some methods for raising the temperature include:

Insulation: Since insulation is primarily employed to disrupt the cycle of heat transfer, applying insulation typically entails lowering the product's internal temperature or concentrating the heat in a single location.

Thus, In most designs, using a tighter cover and increasing the reflecting surface will both raise the temperature.

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Physical chemistry a  major branch of chemistry would be most concerned with studying a series of chemical reactions in order to measure the amount of heat being released in each one.

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Answer:

D)Substance C goes through a significantly larger amount of half-lives compared to the other substances.

Explanation:

Half life refers to the time taken for a radioactive isotope to decay to half of the original amount of radioactive substance present initially.

The shorter the half life of a radioactive substance, the more the amount of half-lives the substance undergoes within the given time period. Substance A will undergo five half lives within 30 days. Substance B will undergo six half lives within 30 days while substance C will undergo ten half lives within 30 days.

Since Substance C undergoes the highest amount of half lives within 30 days, substance C will have the least of the original amount remaining after 30 days even though it started with the most.

therefore the correct option is d) 4.1×10⁻³.

Given that the initial concentration of HZ is 5.0 moles and at equilibrium, 8.7% of the acid has become hydronium.

The concentration of HZ that has not reacted is (100% - 8.7%) = 91.3%.

The final concentration of HZ is 5.0 × 0.913 = 4.565 moles.

The final concentration of the hydronium ion is 5.0 × 0.087 = 0.435 M.HZ ⇌ H+ + Z-Ka

= [H+][Z]/[HZ]Ka

= [H+][Z]/[HZ]

= [0.435]² / 4.565

= 0.041

Which is the same as 4.1 × 10-3.

We know that HZ is an acid that will partially ionize in water to give H+ and Z-.

The chemical equation for this reaction can be written as HZ ⇌ H+ + Z-.

The acid dissociation constant (Ka) of HZ is the equilibrium constant for the reaction in which HZ ionizes to form H+ and Z-.Thus, Ka = [H+][Z]/[HZ].

The given problem is a typical example of the dissociation of a weak acid in water. We are given the initial concentration of HZ and the concentration of hydronium ions at equilibrium.

To find the equilibrium concentration of HZ, we can use the fact that the total amount of acid is conserved.

At equilibrium, 8.7% of HZ has dissociated to give hydronium ions.

This means that 91.3% of the original HZ remains unreacted.

Therefore, the concentration of HZ at equilibrium is 5.0 × 0.913 = 4.565 M.

The concentration of hydronium ions at equilibrium is 5.0 × 0.087 = 0.435 M.

Using the equation Ka = [H+][Z]/[HZ], we can substitute the values of the concentrations and the equilibrium constant into the equation and solve for Ka.

Ka = [H+][Z]/[HZ]

= [0.435]² / 4.565

= 0.041 or 4.1 × 10-3.

The answer is d) 4.1 × 10-3.

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D) There is more NaCl at the start of the ascending limb that decreases as the filtrate moves up the limb.

Filtrate is a liquid that has been passed through a filter or other filtration device. This process is used to separate the solid particles from the liquid, leaving a purified liquid behind.

Explanation: The concentration gradient of NaCl in the medulla is due to the movement of NaCl from the descending limb of the loop of Henle into the ascending limb. As the filtrate moves up the ascending limb, NaCl is actively transported out of the filtrate and into the interstitium of the medulla, thus leading to a decrease in the concentration of NaCl in the filtrate as it moves up the loop. This creates a concentration gradient of NaCl, with higher concentrations near the start of the ascending limb and lower concentrations as the filtrate moves up the loop.

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When a can of coke is removed from the fridge and then warmed up to room temperature, the entropy of the beverage will increase.

We can define entropy as the disorderness of a system or the randomness of a particular system. The entropy of a system changes with a change in the temperature of the system.

As the temperature increases, the entropy of the system also increases and when the temperature is reduced, the entropy of the system also decreases. When a can of coke is kept in fridge, the entropy decreases as the temperature gets decreased.

As the can of the coke is taken out and warmed up to room temperature, the entropy increases with the increase in temperature as the randomness of the molecules increases.

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Answer: In the reaction 2H2S + 3O2 → 2H2O + 2SO2, the oxidation state of sulfur changes from -2 in H2S to +4 in SO2. This means that sulfur is oxidized, and oxygen is reduced.

Explanation:

The oxidation state of an element is the number of electrons that an atom loses or gains when it forms a chemical bond. In H2S, the sulfur atom has an oxidation state of -2 because it has lost two electrons to the hydrogen atoms. In SO2, the sulfur atom has an oxidation state of +4 because it has gained four electrons from the oxygen atoms.

The oxidation state of oxygen changes from 0 in O2 to -2 in H2O and SO2. This means that oxygen is reduced, and sulfur is oxidized. In O2, the oxygen atoms are not bonded to any other atoms, so they have an oxidation state of 0. In H2O and SO2, the oxygen atoms have an oxidation state of -2 because they have gained two electrons from the hydrogen and sulfur atoms, respectively.

Element Oxidation state in H2S         Oxidation state in SO2        Oxidation state in H2O

Sulfur                      -2   +4       +4

Oxygen                       0   -2       -2

Hydrogen              +1   +1       +1

To determine which element is oxidized and which is reduced in a redox equation, you need to look at the change in oxidation states of each element.

The element that has a decrease in oxidation state is being reduced, while the element that has an increase in oxidation state is being oxidized.

For example, in the equation \(Cu + 2AgNO_3 \rightarrow Cu(NO_3)2 + 2Ag\), copper \((Cu)\) is being oxidized from an oxidation state of \(0 to +2\), while silver \((Ag)\) is being reduced from an oxidation state of \(+1 $ to 0\). Therefore, \(Cu\) is the oxidizing agent and Ag is the reducing agent in this equation.

To determine which element is oxidized and which is reduced in a redox equation, follow these steps:

So, in the example redox equation \(Zn(s) + Cu^{2} +(aq) \rightarrow Zn^{2} +(aq) + Cu(s)\), the element \(Zn\) is oxidized and the element \(Cu\) is reduced.

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Gas law demonstrations can be a great way to learn about the properties of gases. One demonstration involves placing an air-filled balloon within a plunger and observing the change in volume as the plunger is pushed down. This illustrates Boyle's Law, which states that the volume of a gas decreases as the pressure increases.

Another demonstration involves heating a balloon over heated air or water, which shows Charles's Law, where the volume of a gas increases as the temperature increases. Additionally, a wound-up drinking straw can be used to demonstrate Bernoulli's Principle, where the velocity of a fluid (in this case, air) increases as the pressure decreases.

Finally, the sublimation of dry ice within a plastic bag or microcentrifuge tube can demonstrate the properties of gases in their solid form. These demonstrations can help make gas laws more tangible and easier to understand.
Hi! I'd be happy to help explain gas law demonstrations using the terms you provided.

A. Air-filled balloon within a plunger: This demonstrates Boyle's Law, which states that pressure and volume are inversely proportional when the temperature remains constant. As the plunger compresses the air-filled balloon, the pressure inside the balloon increases while the volume decreases.

B. Balloon over heated air; balloon over heated water: This illustrates Charles's Law, which states that volume and temperature are directly proportional when the pressure remains constant. As the air or water beneath the balloon heats up, it expands and causes the balloon to inflate due to increased temperature and volume.

C. Wound-up drinking straw: This is a demonstration of Bernoulli's Principle, which explains that as the velocity of a fluid (air, in this case) increases, its pressure decreases. Blowing air through the wound-up straw increases the air velocity and decreases pressure, causing the straw to unroll.

D. Sublimation of dry ice within a plastic bag or microcentrifuge tube: This showcases the process of sublimation, where a solid transitions directly to a gas without going through the liquid phase. As dry ice (solid CO2) sublimates inside a sealed container, it expands and increases the pressure, often causing the container to expand or rupture.

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The relation between the root mean square (rms) speed of gas molecules (v_rms) and the velocity of sound (v_sound) in a gas with an adiabatic exponent (y) is:

\(v_rms = √((y * R * T) / M)\)

where R is the gas constant, T is the temperature, and M is the molar mass of the gas.

The rms speed of gas molecules represents the average speed of the molecules in the gas. The velocity of sound is related to the average speed at which the gas molecules can transmit a pressure wave. In an ideal gas, the rms speed is directly proportional to the velocity of sound. The proportionality constant is determined by the adiabatic exponent (y), which relates the specific heat capacities of the gas at constant pressure and constant volume. The equation shows that as the rms speed of gas molecules increases, the velocity of sound in the gas also increases, given identical conditions of pressure and temperature.

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An equation is a mathematical statement that shows that two expressions are equal. An equation uses mathematical symbols to indicate the relationship between the two expressions represented on either side of the equal sign. A pair of equations is a set of two or more equations that are related to each other and can be solved together to find a solution.

The equation in this case represents the relationship between two variables, typically x and y, and is used to graph a line on a coordinate plane. The pair of equations represents a system of equations, which is a set of two or more equations that must be solved simultaneously. The solution to a system of equations is the set of points that satisfy all the equations in the system. For the given pair of equations: 4x - 2y = 6 and 2x + y = 3, the solution set is the set of points that satisfy both equations. We can solve for y in the second equation to get y = 3 - 2x. Substituting this into the first equation gives 4x - 2(3 - 2x) = 6. Simplifying gives 8x - 6 = 6. Solving for x gives x = 3/4. Substituting this back into the second equation gives y = 3 - 2(3/4) = 3/2. So the solution is the ordered pair (3/4, 3/2). To illustrate this solution set, we can graph both equations on the same coordinate plane and look for the point where they intersect, which will be the solution. The graph is shown below:

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First, we will calculate the number of moles of mixture of Xenon and Neon gases.Number of moles of mixture of Xenon and Neon gases:

Let x be the mole fraction of Neon.

Therefore, (1 - x) is the mole fraction of Xenon

.Mole fraction of Neon + Mole fraction of Xenon = 1x + (1 - x) = 1x = 1 - (1 -

x = 0 + x

x = 0.279

Mole fraction of Neon = 0.279

Mole fraction of Xenon = 0.721

Number of moles of gas = (Total Pressure * Volume)/(Gas Constant * Temperature)

Number of moles of Xenon = (7.10 atm * 16.75L * 0.721)/(0.08206 * (273 + 30))

Number of moles of Xenon = 8.44 moles

Number of moles of Neon = (7.10 atm * 16.75L * 0.279)/(0.08206 * (273 + 30))

Number of moles of Neon = 3.29 moles

Now, we can calculate the partial pressure of Xenon and Neon.

Partial pressure of Xenon:

Partial Pressure of Xenon = Mole fraction of Xenon * Total Pressure

Partial Pressure of Xenon = 0.721 * 7.10 atm

Partial Pressure of Xenon = 5.12 atm

Partial pressure of Neon

Partial Pressure of Neon = Mole fraction of Neon * Total Pressure

Partial Pressure of Neon = 0.279 * 7.10 atm

Partial Pressure of Neon = 1.98 atm

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Answer:

B

Explanation:

i learned the pulley system in school

Answer:

B. Fixed pulley 

Explanation:

In this experiment, the extensive properties would include the volume and mass of the cans. These properties would change if 7.5-ounce cans were used instead of 12-ounce cans, as the volume and mass would be different for the smaller cans.

On the other hand, the intensive properties, such as density and temperature, would remain the same regardless of the can size. These properties are independent of the amount of substance and are not affected by the size of the cans used.

For example, if the experiment measured the density of the cans, the density would stay the same as it is a ratio of mass to volume and is independent of the amount of substance. However, the mass and volume would change as they are extensive properties that depend on the amount of substance.

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Answer:

One of the most notable characteristics of a mixture is that it does not have a fixed composition. Water, a compound, always has 11.2 percent hydrogen and 88.8 percent oxygen by weight. Brass is a mixture because it has varying amounts of copper and zinc. One type of brass may contain as much as 45 percent zinc, while another type may contain around 10 percent zinc. Mixtures may also have changing properties depending on their composition. The boiling point of a mixture of alcohol and water varies based on how much alcohol is in the mixture.

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Answer:

amu, atomic number, electrons, atomic mass

Explanation:

" It is a synthetic substance made with natural materials."

Plastics are high molecular mass organic polymers that frequently incorporate additional materials.

Typically, they are synthetic and come from petrochemicals.

Plastics are produced from natural resources including coal, natural gas, salt, and crude oil through the polymerization process.

The process of joining monomer molecules in a chemical reaction to create polymer chains or three-dimensional networks is known as polymerization, in the field of polymer chemistry.

These monomers combine to create a lengthy chain that gives rise to a final product with particular features. Polymerization refers to the entire process of a polymer being created. Polymers include things like polythene and nylon 66.

Thus, we can define plastics as synthetic materials produced from natural resources.

Plastics are therefore a synthetic material made from natural materials.

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