Which pair has the stronger ionic bond:

- MgCl2 vs. NaCl2
- NaCl vs. LiCl

Several factors can dictate entropy in an equation.

These include:

1. Phase changes

⇒ When a solid turns to a liquid, the entropy increases as the particles have more freedom to move around and thus have a greater ability for 'disorder'. Same goes for a liquid turning to a gas. In a gas, the intermolecular forces are much weaker than that of a solid or liquid, allowing the particles more freedom.

So, going from a solid to liquid to gas increases entropy, and going the other way, from gas to liquid to solid, decreases entropy.

Example:

H₂O(l) -> H₂O(g)

This will have a positive entropy change, as the water molecules are becoming gaseous and thus have more freedom.

2. Dissolution

⇒ Similarly, breaking up particles of a solute when dissolving in a solvent will increase entropy as the particles are no longer bound together.

So, dissolving a solute will increase entropy.

Example:

NaCl(s) -> NaCl(aq)

This will have a positive entropy change, as the NaCl particles are more free after being separated.

3. Number of products and reactants

⇒ Generally, if you have more moles of products than reactants, if they are the same phase then entropy will increase. Note this is not necessarily true if you form a gas from two non-gas reactants, as the gas will still have more entropy.

4. Temperature

⇒ Increasing temperature will increase entropy as the particles have more kinetic energy and are then moving faster.

-------------------------------------------

l. 2N2(g) + O2(g) → 2N2O(g)

3 moles of gas are forming 2 moles of gas. The phase of products and reactants are the same, so since we have less moles of product than reactant, entropy will be negative.

II. CaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g)

1 mole of solid is forming 1 mole of solid and 1 mole of gas. There is a phase change from solid to gas, and there are more moles of product than reactant, entropy will be positive.

III. Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) → ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)​

While 3 moles of reactant are forming only 2 moles product, we are forming a gas from non-gaseous reactants, so entropy will be positive regardless.

Answer:

Unfortunately, the plot of vapor pressures vs temperature mentioned in the question is not provided. However, we can still use the given information to make some general observations.

The fact that the vapor pressure of diethyl ether is 400 mm Hg at 18.0 °C means that at this temperature, the pressure exerted by the vapor above the liquid is equal to 400 mm Hg. We can assume that the vapor pressure of carbon disulfide will also be 400 mm Hg at a specific temperature.

To estimate this temperature, we need to refer to the vapor pressure-temperature plot for carbon disulfide. Generally, the heat of vaporization of a substance is related to its vapor pressure-temperature behavior. However, without this plot, we cannot make a direct comparison between the heat of vaporization of diethyl ether and carbon disulfide.

The unidentified substance has a molar mass of 50,205 g/mol.

The resulting solution has a freezing point of 3.77 degrees Celsius. Pure benzene has a freezing point of 5.48 degrees Celsius and a Kf of 5.12 degrees Celsius/m.

To get the molar mass of the unidentified substance, we can apply the freezing point depression equation: ΔT = Kf·m·i

Given that there are 500.0 g of benzene and 49.0 g of the unknown molecule, we can determine the molality of the solution as follows:

molality = moles of solute / mass of solvent in kg

By dividing the weight of the unknown compound by its molar mass (M), we may determine the number of moles of solute:

\moles of solute = 49.0 g / M

Therefore, the molality of the solution is:

molality = (49.0 g / M) / (500.0 g / 1000 g/kg) = 0.0980 mol/kg

The difference between the solution's freezing point and the freezing point of pure benzene is the difference in freezing point:

ΔT = 5.48°C - 3.77°C = 1.71°C

These values are entered into the freezing point depression equation to produce the following results:

1.71°C = (5.12°C/m)·(0.0980 mol/kg)·i

Solving for i gives: i = 3.35

We can therefore apply the abbreviated freezing point depression equation: ΔT = Kf·m

When we replace the values for T, Kf, and m, we obtain:

1.71°C = (5.12°C/m)·(0.0980 mol/kg)

Solving for molar mass (M) gives:

M = 49.0 g / 0.000976 mol

M = 50,205 g/mol

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The reaction that involves the combustion of Magnesium will not start unless some amount of energy is added to it, therefore we need the Bunsen burner flame to be the source of the activation energy for the reaction properly occur, since the reaction would not occur in a spontaneous way. Therefore answer letter B

Answer:

oh my god balance equation is too hard to solve sorr I can't solve this

Answer:

A

Explanation:

I sad A because water is changeable doesn't have fixed shape or volume water depend on the area or the temperature or other things .

Answer:

it will be false ................

Answer: only made of non metal atoms and a pair of valence electrons are shared between two atoms

Explanation:

2H2O2 => 2H2O + O2

Moles of hydrogen peroxide = 0.150dm³ * (0.02mol/dm³) = 0.003mol .

Moles of oxygen = 0.0015mol.

Volume of oxygen = 0.0015mol * (22.4dm³/mol) = 0.0336dm³.

Answer:

Hubble's law says that the universe is expanding outward.

Explanation:

Actually Hubble's law was discovered before the Big Bang theory was formulated. The Big Bang Theory is an attempt to explain the observations that led to Hubble's Law.Before the 1900s the theory was that the universe was eternal and self existent. The idea was that the universe was in a steady state having always existed and would always continue to exist. Albert Einstein even changed the equations in his general theory of relativity to reflect the idea of a steady state. Later he called putting in a fudge factor to result in a steady state the worse mistake of his life.

Hubble observed that most of the universe has a red shift indicating that the universe is expanding and moving away from itself. The further out that the universe is observed the faster it is moving apart.

These observations were inconsistent with a steady state universe.

The Big Bang theory extrapolated backwards. If the universe is expanding and spreading out from itself then further back in time the universe was closer together. The Theory explained Hubble's observations by the idea that at the beginning of time ( for our universe) all the matter and energy were together in one place.

This super dense ball of matter and energy then exploded outwards creating space and time as it is presently observed. The question was would the forces of gravity and black holes bring the matter and energy back together again. The answer found in 1998 was no. The rate of the expansion of the universe is increasing not slowing down and the universe will not collapse back into the super dense ball of matter that it began as.

The Big Bang Theory postulated based on the empirical evidence that our universe had a beginning and it will eventually cease to exist. The conclusion based on Hubble's observations is that matter and energy are not eternal and self existent.

Group 3A or group 13 has all their valence electronic configuration in p1.

The elements in group 13 are: Boron (B), Aluminium (Al), Gallium (Ga), Indium (In) and Thallium (Tl)

Answer:

-It is considered the modern atomic model.

-It describes the probable locations of the electrons

Explanation:

edge 2020

The correct answer is:

The electron cloud model is another name used to describe the modern wave mechanical model of the atom.

It is the atomic model introduced by Erwin Schrodinger in 1927 based on the principles of quantum mechanics. It was an advancement over the Bohr model of the atom.

In this model, the atomic orbital is described as a region in space where there is a high probability of finding an electron. Hence, the electron is not found in specific orbits according to the Bohr model, rather, we describe the probability of finding the electron. This is the contemporary approach to the study of atomic structure.

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The initial pH before any titrant is added is 13.46 after adding 5 ml of the titrant is 13.0669.

Titration is a common laboratory technique of quantitative chemical evaluation to decide the attention of a recognized analyte. A reagent, termed the titrant or titrator, is ready as a fashionable answer of regarded concentration and quantity.

1)when 0.0 mL of HBr is added

Given:

M(HBr) = 0.75 M

V(HBr) = 0 mL

M(LiOH) = 0.29 M

V(LiOH) = 25 mL

 mol(HBr) = M(HBr) * V(HBr)

mol(HBr) = 0.75 M * 0 mL = 0 mmol

mol(LiOH) = M(LiOH) * V(LiOH)

mol(LiOH) = 0.29 M * 25 mL = 7.25 mmol

So, we have,

mol(HBr) = 0 mmol

mol(LiOH) = 7.25 mmol

0 mmol of both will react

remaining mol of LiOH = 7.25 mmol

Total volume = 25.0 mL

[OH-]= mol of base remaining / volume

[OH-] = 7.25 mmol/25.0 mL

         = 0.29 M

For pH

pOH = -log [OH-]

     = -log (0.29)

     = 0.5376

PH = 14 - pOH

     = 14 - 0.5376

      = 13.46

2)when 5.0 mL of HBr is added

Given:

M(HBr) = 0.75 M

V(HBr) = 5 mL

M(LiOH) = 0.29 M

V(LiOH) = 25 mL

mol(HBr) = M(HBr) * V(HBr)

mol(HBr) = 0.75 M * 5 mL = 3.75 mmol

mol(LiOH) = M(LiOH) * V(LiOH)

mol(LiOH) = 0.29 M * 25 mL = 7.25 mmol

Now, we have

mol(HBr) = 3.75 mmol

mol(LiOH) = 7.25 mmol

3.75 mmol of both will react

remaining mol of LiOH = 3.5 mmol

Total volume = 30.0 mL

[OH-]= mol of base remaining / volume

[OH-] = 3.5 mmol/30.0 mL

         = 0.1167 M

calculating pH;

pOH = -log [OH-]

= -log (0.1167)

= 0.9331

PH = 14 - pOH

= 14 - 0.9331

= 13.0669

Titration is a way wherein an answer of acknowledged concentration is used to determine the awareness of an unknown answer. typically, the titrant is added from a buret to a recognized amount of the analyte until the response is complete.

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1) Balance the chemical equation.

2) Convert the mass of CH4 to moles of CH4.

The molar mass of CH4 is 16.0425 g/mol.

3) Moles of CO2 produced from CH4.

The molar ratio between CH4 and CO2 is 1 mol CH4: 1 mol CO2.

4) Convert moles of CO2 to mass of CO2.

The molar mass of CO2 is 44.0095 g/mol.

The mass of CO2 produced from 5.90*10^-3 g CH4 is 0.0162 g CO2.

.

Answer:

Physical Change

Explanation:

Sublimation is a physical change. When a substance sublimes, it changes from a solid to a gas without going through the liquid phase.

Based on the diagram, the season in New York six months ago was WINTER. The angle of the Sun's rays is directly related to the temperature

The angle of the Sun's rays is directly associated with the temperature and daylight hours.

In winter, the angle of the Sun's rays is lowest, thereby decreasing the temperature and also having few daylight hours.

In summer, the angle of the Sun's rays is higher, increasing the temperature and also having more daylight hours.

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Answer:

Summer

Explanation:

Good luck buddy

Answer:

C

Explanation:

it should be C

Answer:

Foam is not a state of matter, it is a mixture of two states: gas and (usually) liquid. There are also gas-solid foams.Explanation:

Answer:

Foam is not a state of matter, it is a mixture of two states: gas and (usually) liquid.

Explanation:

Answer:

olivine i think

Explanation:

Answer:

Choose three different light levels, and place four identical plants under each light level to observe the light’s effect on multiple plants.

Explanation:

Four peripheral hydrogen atoms and two singly-bonded nitrogen atoms make up the molecule of hydrazine.

Thus, It is a colourless, poisonous irritant and sensitizer in its anhydrous form, which harms the central nervous system and causes symptoms as severe as tumours and convulsions.

In addition to having a strong reducing agent that makes it highly explosive, hydrazine has a strong smell that is similar to that of ammonia.

Given this, it appears odd that over 100,000 metric tonnes of the substance are produced annually throughout the world. But hydrazine does have an impact on our daily activities. It can save our lives, give us food and clothing, keep us warm, and even transport us to the moon. It even has the ability to go back in time.

Thus, Four peripheral hydrogen atoms and two singly-bonded nitrogen atoms make up the molecule of hydrazine.

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The pH of the solution  is 9.33 and The initial moles of each reactant for \(CH_{3}COOH\) 9.00 mmol  and for naoh 8.995 mmol

To  Calculate the pH of the solution.

pH = pKa + log([\(CH_{3}COO\)-] / [\(CH_{3}COOH\)])

pH = 4.74 + log(0.0984 / 0.00001)

pH = 9.33

Therefore, the pH of the solution is 9.33 after the addition of 51.4 mL 0.175 M NaOH to the 40.0 mL sample of 0.225 M \(CH_{3}COOH\) (Ka = 1.8 x 10⎯5).

To calculate the pH of the solution, first identify the initial moles of each reactant.

For \(CH_{3}COOH\):
Initial moles = 40.0 mL × 0.225 mol/L = 9.00 mmol

For NaOH:
Initial moles = 51.4 mL × 0.175 mol/L = 8.995 mmol

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Arginine formula empirical is C3H7NO2.

One of the amino acids that makes up protein is arginine. It is classified as semi-essential, which means that even though the body can generate it, there are some situations where extra intake from dietary sources may be necessary. Arginine is involved in a variety of body processes, including the production of nitric oxide, which aids in controlling blood pressure and blood flow, as well as wound healing.

The smallest whole number ratio of the atoms in a compound must be identified in order to obtain the empirical formula for the compound. The substance has the chemical formula C6H14N4O2.

Divide all the subscripts by their biggest common component, in this case 2, to obtain the smallest whole number ratio. The result of multiplying each subscript by two is C3H7N2O1. The substance's empirical formula is C3H7NO2.

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Carbocation intermediate in an electrophilic addition reaction of HCl with two different alkenes and the structural formulas for both of the alkenes are 1,3 dimethyl butene

Carbocation is the molecule in which the carbon has the positive charge and three bond and it is an organic molecule, an intermediate, that forms as a result of the loss of two valence electrons, normally shared electrons, from a carbon atom that already has four bonds

Here given diagram is attached and is a carbocation intermediate in an electrophilic addition reaction of HCl with two different alkene and then two alkenes are form which is 1,3 dimethyl butene and given below the structure formula for 1,3 dimethyl butene

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The observation that compound A releases H2 gas while compound B does not when treated with Na metal can be explained by considering the structural differences between the two compounds and their ability to undergo specific reactions.

Compound A and compound B both have the molecular formula C₂H₆O, which indicates that they both contain two carbon atoms, six hydrogen atoms, and one oxygen atom. However, the difference lies in the arrangement of these atoms within the molecules. One possible explanation for the observed difference is that compound A is an alcohol, specifically ethanol (CH₃CH₂OH), while compound B is an ether, such as dimethyl ether (CH₃OCH₃). The presence of the hydroxyl group (-OH) in ethanol enables it to undergo a reaction with sodium metal, known as the metal-acid reaction. In this reaction, the metal displaces the hydrogen from the hydroxyl group, forming sodium ethoxide (CH₃CH₂ONa) and releasing hydrogen gas (H₂). On the other hand, ethers like dimethyl ether lack the hydroxyl group and therefore cannot undergo the metal-acid reaction. Consequently, when compound B is treated with sodium metal, no hydrogen gas is released. The ability of compound A to release hydrogen gas while compound B does not when treated with sodium metal can be attributed to the presence of a hydroxyl group in compound A (ethanol), enabling it to undergo a metal-acid reaction, whereas compound B (dimethyl ether) lacks the necessary functional group and thus does not undergo this reaction.

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Two correct answers which describe how water mixes in a thermohaline current are A. Cold water sinks under warmer water. And D. Saltier water sinks under less salty water.

Thermohaline Current is caused by variations in the seawater's surface density from pole to equator. Variations in temperature (thermal) and salinity (haline) affect the equator-to-pole surface. On Earth's climate, the thermohaline ocean currents have a significant impact on circulating heat across the planet.

In the thermohaline current, warmer, fresher water masses are less dense and float, while colder, saltier water masses are more dense and sink. Due to its higher density, this cold, salty water sinks.

So, it is obvious that the correct answers are:

A. Cold water sinks under warmer water.

D. Saltier water sinks under less salty water.

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Answer: The given elements are arranged in order of increasing ionization energy as Pb < Sn < Ge < Si < C.

Explanation:

The amount of energy required to remove a loosely bound electron from an isolated neutral gaseous atom is called ionization energy.

Larger is the size of an atom more easily it will lose its valence electrons. Hence, less will its ionization energy.

Whereas smaller is the size of an atom more energy will be required to pull out the electron. Hence, more will be its ionization energy.

This means that on moving down a group ionization energy decreases and on moving along a period from left to right the ionization energy decreases.

The given elements are C, Ge, Pb, Si, and Sn. All these elements belong to group 14 of the periodic table.

Therefore, these elements are arranged in order of increasing ionization energy as follows.

Pb < Sn < Ge < Si < C

Thus, we can conclude that given elements are arranged in order of increasing ionization energy as Pb < Sn < Ge < Si < C.

Answer:

(B. Plants and meat)

Explanation:

Answer: B. 430 K

Explanation:

According to Gibb's equation:

\(\Delta G=\Delta H-T\Delta S\)

\(\Delta G\) = Gibbs free energy  

\(\Delta H\) = enthalpy change  = +62.4 kJ/mol

\(\Delta S\) = entropy change  = +0.145 kJ/molK

T = temperature in Kelvin

\(\Delta G\)  = +ve, reaction is non spontaneous

\(\Delta G\)  = -ve, reaction is spontaneous

\(\Delta G\)  = 0, reaction is in equilibrium

\(\Delta H-T\Delta S=0\) for reaction to be spontaneous

\(T=\frac{\Delta H}{\Delta S}\)

\(T=\frac{62.4kJ/mol}{0.145kJ/molK}=430K\)

Thus the Reaction is spontaneous when temperature is 430 K.

Answer:

430 K

Explanation:

i just took the test on a pex :)