which of the following initially determines which dna strand is the template strand, and therefore in which direction rna polymerase ii moves along the dna? the specific sequence of bases along the dna strands. the location along the chromosome where the double-stranded dna unwinds. the location of specific proteins (transcription factors) that bind to the dna. the position of the gene's promoter on the chromosome.
Answers
The DNA strand is the template strand, and therefore in which direction RNA polymerase ii moves along the DNA is D. The position of the gene's promoter on the chromosome
It initially determines which DNA strand is the template strand and therefore the direction in RNA polymerase II moves along the DNA. The promoter is a specific sequence of DNA located near the beginning of the gene and contains binding sites for transcription factors. When these transcription factors bind to the promoter, they recruit RNA polymerase II to the site, which then begins transcribing the gene into RNA.
The promoter determines which DNA strand is the template strand because RNA polymerase II only binds to one strand of DNA at a time, and the specific sequence of bases in the promoter determines which strand it will bind to. Once RNA polymerase II begins transcribing the gene, it moves along the DNA in a 5' to 3' direction, synthesizing RNA in the opposite direction, and using the non-template strand as a guide.
Therefore, the position of the gene's promoter on the chromosome plays a critical role in determining which DNA strand serves as the template strand and in which direction RNA polymerase II moves along the DNA. Therefore, the correct option is D.
The question was incomplete, Find the full content below:
which of the following initially determines which DNA strand is the template strand, and therefore in which direction RNA polymerase ii moves along the DNA?
A. The specific sequence of bases along the DNA strands.
B. the location along the chromosome where the double-stranded DNA unwinds.
C. the location of specific proteins (transcription factors) that bind to the DNA.
D. the position of the gene's promoter on the chromosome.
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Related Questions
____________________ is not a process of mechanical weathering because it involves the breakdown of chemical structures.
Group of answer choices
Exfoliation
Sheet jointing
Dissolution
Frost wedging
Thermal expansion
Answers
Answer:
Thermal expansion of is not a process
Answer:
sheet jointing is nt a process
What is one thing people can do to reduce the amount of carbon in theatmosphere?A. Plant more trees.OB. Drive longer distances.OC. Use more electricity.OD. Burn more fossil fuels.
Answers
Reduction of carbon in the atmosphere
Plants consume carbon dioxide (CO2) in the process of photosynthesis as a substrate to form their food, i.e, sugars such as glucose, following the formula:
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light --
How are proteins built using the information provided by a molecule of RNA?
Answers
Answer:
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) associates with a set of proteins to form ribosomes. These complex structures, which physically move along an mRNA molecule, catalyze the assembly of amino acids into protein chains. They also bind tRNAs and various accessory molecules necessary for protein synthesis.
Explanation:
Fatty acids, in particular, essential fatty acids alpha-linolenic and linoleic acid are intimately related to managing inflammation in the body.
Answer:
A cell's messenger RNA molecules contain instructions that are read by the ribosome, which then uses these mRNAs to assemble amino acids into proteins in the precise order specified by the mRNA.
⇒ How are proteins formed?
In essence, proteins are very long sequences of chemicals known as amino acids. A protein's specific amino acid arrangement defines the form it will take, which in turn affects what it will accomplish. For instance, certain proteins have the ideal structure to grasp two more molecules and smush them together in order to combine them (these proteins are called enzymes). Other proteins have the ideal structure to transport significant substances (like hemoglobin, which is a protein that carries oxygen around your blood). Your DNA is also a long chain of molecules, but these molecules are called nucleotides. There are four main nucleotides that make up the chain, and each is represented by a letter (A, C, T, and G). The sequence of "letters" in DNA contains all the information to make proteins in your body. Scientists represent DNA by writing out the sequence of "letters," like ATCTGCCATCCCGT. Now here's the important bit: these letters are arranged in 3-letter words that "mean" an amino acid. For example, "ATC" in DNA corresponds with an amino acid called glutamine. A long chain of these three letter words will match perfectly the chain of amino acids in a protein. So if a protein has amino acids 1, 2, and 3, the DNA corresponding to that protein will have the 3-letter words that mean amino acids 1, 2, and 3 in order. A sequence of DNA that matches a protein is called a gene. When it's time to make a protein, your body unravels the DNA and makes a copy of the gene on a different, very similar molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA). This copying is called transcription--like you're transcribing your notes from your notebook to your computer. This mRNA flies out to a thing in your cells called a ribosome, which actually goes through and READS the RNA sequence and attaches amino acids in the right order. So it will go "okay, these 3 letters mean this amino acid, the next 3 letters mean this amino acid, etc." and just attach all the amino acids in a row.* So you end up with a long long chain (hundreds, even thousands!) of amino acids in the exact sequence of the DNA letters that you had originally. This process of matching DNA "words" to amino acids is called translation--like you're translating from the "language" of DNA to the "language" of proteins/amino acids. This long chain of amino acids then detaches itself from the ribosome, folds itself up, and voila! You have a protein! This is happening millions of times constantly all around your body as all your cells make all the proteins they need to function. Now in reality, it's actually a lot more complicated than that--the DNA isn't always in the right order, the protein can get "cut" and shaped by other things after it detaches, etc. But this is the basic process and is what you need to know!
⇒ How does DNA/RNA store information?
Adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine/uracil are the four bases that make up the quaternary code, which is the sort of coding used by DNA and RNA to store information. Ribonucleic acid (more particularly, messenger RNA) is introduced when a cell needs to code for a protein. Temporarily attaching to the DNA bases, the mRNA bases duplicate the DNA's instructions. The mRNA next exits the nucleus and enters the ribosomes. Then transfer RNA, or tRNA, enters the picture. It has a three-base region (a codon) that binds to the mRNA and an amino acid linked to the end. The amino acid is then released once the tRNA attaches to the mRNA. After that, it joins a protein or polypeptide chain.
Which hormone is responsible by gene regulation?
Answers
Thyroxin hormone is responsible by gene regulation.
In general , Regulation of gene expression is mediated by thyroid hormones (T3, T4) with the help of thyroid hormone receptors (TRs). TRs are considered as the DNA-binding transcription factors that works as an molecular switches in ligand mediated responses. TRs are well versed in activating or repressing gene transcription that depends ligand-binding outputs.
Thyroxin hormone is generally inactive so they are converted to an active form called triiodothyronine with help of liver and kidneys like organs. Thyroid hormones are responsible for regulating and controlling the body's metabolic rate, heart and digestive functions, brain development and bones development.
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The top sequence is A G C T G T.
The bottom sequence is A G C T G A T. A G C T G A T.
- insertion
- deletion
- substitution
Answers
Answer:
substitution
Explanation:
Answer:✔ insertion
Explanation:
PLEASE HELP ME!!!!!!!
Help me by naming the moon phases that are happening in the image below
Please and Thank You!
Will mark brainliest!! O///O
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
number 1= is full moon
number 7= is first quarter
number 5= is new moon
number 3= is third quarter
Answer:
1 no moon 2 quater 3 no moon 4 half moon 5 full moon 6 half moon 7 full moon 8 quater moon
Explanation:
it is weird pattern
which of the following would be the best example of adaptive radiation, where a species evolves into different forms and fills different niches
Answers
Answer:
B
Explanation:
I think so
Indicate which cardiovascular components are designed to avoid the pulmonary circuit during fetal development. (indicate all correct choices,partial credit is applied and negative scoring is given for incorrect answers)
Umbilical vein
Ductus venosus
Ductus arteriosus
Foramen ovale
Umbilical arteries
Answers
The cardiovascular components designed to avoid the pulmonary circuit during fetal development are the Ductus venosus, Ductus arteriosus, and Foramen ovale.
1. Umbilical Vein: The umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus. It is not designed to avoid the pulmonary circuit but rather supplies oxygenated blood to the developing fetus.
2. Ductus Venosus: The ductus venosus is a blood vessel that connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava, bypassing the liver. It allows oxygenated blood from the placenta to reach the fetal heart without passing through the liver, reducing the workload on the developing liver.
3. Ductus Arteriosus: The ductus arteriosus is a blood vessel that connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta. It shunts blood away from the non-functional fetal lungs, allowing a significant portion of the blood to bypass the pulmonary circuit and flow directly into the systemic circulation.
4. Foramen Ovale: The foramen ovale is an opening between the two atria of the fetal heart. It acts as a shunt, allowing oxygenated blood to flow from the right atrium to the left atrium, bypassing the non-functional fetal lungs. This further reduces the amount of blood that enters the pulmonary circuit.
5. Umbilical Arteries: The umbilical arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta. They are not involved in bypassing the pulmonary circuit but rather serve to transport waste products and deoxygenated blood back to the placenta for oxygenation.
During fetal development, these specialized cardiovascular structures help redirect blood flow and bypass the non-functional lungs, allowing the fetus to receive oxygenated blood and nutrients necessary for growth and development.
These adaptations are essential for the unique circulatory needs of the developing fetus and are gradually closed or modified after birth as the cardiovascular system adjusts to the new pulmonary and systemic circulations.
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Complete these three sentences using the same pair of words each time . Ice is made up of_______ ______ Water is made up of ______ _____ Water vapour is made up of _____ ___
Answers
Answer:
Hydrogen & Oxygen
Explanation:
For those individuals who have an allergic reaction to cats, a company in Los Angeles promises relief. They offer a new line of cats genetically modified to eliminate or reduce their allergy-causing properties. The development of this new line of cats most likely involved A. using natural selection to produce a new variety of cat B. altering the reproductive rate of cats C. changing the behavior of cats D. manipulating the DNA of cats
Answers
Answer: D. manipulating the DNA of cats.
Explanation:
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) refers to the organic chemical which consists of genetic information. The DNA can be found in the cells of organisms.
Since the new line of cats are genetically modified to eliminate or reduce their allergy-causing properties, then we can infer that the DNA of the cats have been manipulated. In this case, the allergy causing property won't be passed across to the offspring since the DNA has been manipulated.
According to the concept of entropy, what will likely happen to most molecules over time? A.They will bind to other molecules. B.They will break down. C.They will remain unchanged. D.They will turn into carbon molecules.
Answers
Answer:
B.They will break down.
Explanation:
Entropy is defined as the thermal energy per unit temperature that contribute to doing useful work in a system. The concept of entropy says that entropy is measured by the random or disordered motion of molecules of a system.
As the entropy will increase over time, the molecules will break down into two or more due to the random and disordered motion of molecules.
Hence, the correct answer is "B.They will break down.".
these visual pathway cells have high temporal resolution but low spatial resolution
Answers
The visual pathway cells that have high temporal resolution but low spatial resolution are the rod cells in the retina.
Rod cells are specialized photoreceptor cells that are responsible for detecting low levels of light and are primarily used in low-light conditions such as at night or in dimly lit environments.
Rod cells have high temporal resolution, meaning that they are able to detect changes in light quickly and respond rapidly to changes in the visual environment.
However, they have low spatial resolution, which means that they are not able to distinguish fine details and are less sensitive to color than cone cells.
In bright light conditions, cone cells become the dominant photoreceptor cells and provide high spatial resolution and color vision, while rod cells become less sensitive and contribute less to visual processing.
Thus, these visual pathway cells have high temporal resolution but low spatial resolution.
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after two cycles of pcr, how many double-stranded dna molecules correspond exactly to the desired product of amplification (i.e. have both strands the correct length)?
Answers
After two cycles of PCR, 4 copies of double-stranded DNA molecules correspond exactly to the desired product of amplification.
What is PCR?The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique that is frequently used to quickly create millions to billions of copies (complete or partial) of a specific DNA sample. This technique enables researchers to take a very small DNA sample and amplify it (or a portion of it) to a large enough quantity to study in detail. The PCR method of DNA manipulation was created in 1983 by American biochemist Kary Mullis at Cetus Corporation. Mullis and biochemist Michael Smith, who had created other crucial techniques for DNA manipulation, shared the 1993 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
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The head of the pancreas is inferior to the _____________ of the liver: * 5 points Right lobe Caudate lobe Right lateral fissure Left lateral fissure
Answers
The main portal vein and the caudate lobe of the liver are superior to the head of the pancreas. In the form of the pancreaticoduodenal artery (PDA), the gastroduodenal artery, a branch of the common hepatic artery, nourishes the head and uncinate process of the pancreas.
The inferior PDA, which develops from the SMA, supplies a portion of the inferior part of the head. Your pancreatic head is located on your right side of the body. Your small intestine's duodenum, which is the initial section, contains this slender organ.The caudate lobe is INFERIOR to t.
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Blood type is a type of gene where both alleles can be expressed. Which statement best explains a person with AB blood type.
Answers
Answer:There is a codominant relationship between alleles
Explanation:
30 POINTS 30 POINTS 30 POINTS JUST ONE QUESTION BELOW TO ANSWER
In cattle (R) is codominant to white (W) fur. Roan is the name of the color that results from codominance. What are the possible results if a white male is crossed with a roan female? Make sure to give genotypic AND phenotypic ratios in your answer.
Answers
[insert colour?] = R
white = W
roan = RW
1) figure out the genotypes of the parents.
Since this a codominance problem, in order to be one colour or the other, an individual must be homo_zygous for that trait and in order to be a roan, an individual must be hetero_zygous so these will be the parent's genotypes:
male = \(WW\)
female = \(RW\)
2) produce a punnet square and solve
A cross between a homo_zygous parent and a hetero_zygous parent will produce a 2 by 1 punnet square. They can only produce two kinds of offspring and in this question, the possible results are either a white cattle or a roan cattle. Their offspring's genotypes and phenotypes are as follows:
genotypic ratios:
WW : WR
[1 : 1] or [0.50 : 0.50] or [50% : 50%]
phenotypic ratios:
white : roan
[1 : 1] or [0.50 : 0.50] or [50% : 50%]
Answer:
Gregor Mendel knew how to keep things simple. In Mendel's work on pea plants, each gene came in just two different versions, or alleles, and these alleles had a nice, clear-cut dominance relationship (with the dominant allele fully overriding the recessive allele to determine the plant's appearance
\(by \: the \: way \: your \: introduction\)
The average lethal blood concentration of morphine is estimated to be 2.5 ug/mL with standard deviation of 0.95 ug/mL The data is normally distributed. Examine the range of values 0.05 to 4.95 pg/mL Answer the following questions and provide the appropriate calculations (13 points): a. What is the probability associated with the range lethal morphine blood levels? b. Provide the range of values that lie within 1, 2 and 3 standard deviations from the mean_ What is the probability that somebody dies if the blood morphine concentration is 0.3 pg/mL
Answers
The probability associated with the range of lethal morphine blood levels is 0.99. The probability that somebody dies of the blood morphine concentration is 0.3 pg/ mL will be 0.0103.
What is Probability?A probability is a number which reflects the chance or likelihood that a particular event will occur. Probabilities can be easily expressed as the proportions which range from 0 to 1, and they can also be expressed as the percentages ranging from 0% to 100%.
Mean (u) = 2.5,
Standard deviation (σ) = 0.95
(a) P(0.05 < x < 4.95)
P(0.05-2.5/0.95 < x < 4.95 -2.5/0.95)
P(-2.5789 < x < 2.5789)
P ( x < 2.5789) - P(< -2.5789)
0.9950 - 0.0050
= 0.99
(b) within 1 S.D Range values are
1, S.D= (μ ± σ) = 2.5 ± 0.95 = (1.55, 3.45)
2, S. D = (μ ± 2σ) = 2.5 ± 2 (0.95) = (0.6, 4.4)
3, S. D = (μ ± 3σ) = 3(0.95) = (-0.35, 5.35)
(c) P(x < 0.3)
P(Z < 0.3-2.5/ 0.95)
P(Z<-2.3158)
P = 0.0103
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Hydrogen bonds hold one water molecule to another water molecule, due
to the polarity of water molecules.
O True
O False
Answers
Answer:
True
Explanation:
It is true because as a result of water's polarity, each water molecule attracts other water molecues because of the opposite charges between them, creating hydrogen bonds.
are steroids generally primary or secondary messengers?
Answers
Steroids are generally classified as primary messengers rather than secondary messengers. As primary messengers, steroids are lipophilic molecules synthesized from cholesterol and released by specific endocrine glands or cells. They act as signaling molecules that travel through the bloodstream to target cells, where they bind to specific intracellular receptors, thus initiating a cellular response.
In contrast, secondary messengers are molecules produced inside the target cell in response to a primary messenger's interaction with a cell surface receptor. Examples of secondary messengers include cyclic AMP (cAMP) and calcium ions. These molecules help amplify the signal from the primary messenger, ultimately leading to a cellular response.
Steroids, such as hormones like testosterone and cortisol, easily pass through the cell membrane due to their lipophilic nature. Once inside the cell, they bind to their specific intracellular receptors, forming a steroid-receptor complex. This complex then translocates to the nucleus and regulates gene expression, ultimately influencing various physiological processes and cellular responses.
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names of crops that end with 'to'
Answers
Answer:
tomato
potato
Explanation:
that's all i could come up with
cells in the epidermis that produce keratin are called?
Answers
Keratinocytes are the most common epidermal cell type and originate in the basal layer. They produce keratin and are responsible for the formation of the epidermal water barrier by producing and secreting lipids.
What is Keratinocytes?Keratinocytes, the most dominant cell type in the epidermis, play a variety of important roles in skin repair. They carry out the re-epithelialization process, in which keratinocytes migrate, proliferate, and differentiate in order to restore the epidermal barrier.Keratinocytes produce a wide range of cytokines that play critical roles in cutaneous immune responses, inflammation, wound healing, and the growth and development of certain cancers. Eicosanoids, prostaglandin (PG) E2, and neuropeptides such as propiomelanocortin and MSH are also produced by keratinocytes.Keratinocytes act as a barrier against heat, UV radiation, water loss, pathogenic bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses. A variety of structural proteins, enzymes, lipids, and antimicrobial peptides all contribute to the skin's important barrier function.To learn more about keratinocytes refer to:
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Which group does not contain animals that are arthropods?
crustaceans
annelids
insects
arachnids
Answers
Answer:
arachnids _c
Explanation:
that is the right answer I believe.
describe 4 differences between a bactrial cell and a plant cell
Answers
Answer:
Genetic material, cell wall, photosynthesis, and ribosomes.
Extras: vacuole, flagella
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Hurry!!!Describe the events of each stage of mitosis. Describe and ILLUSTRATE
Answers
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Mitosis is the process of cell division that produces two identical daughter cells from a single parent cell. The process is divided into four main stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During each stage, specific events occur that ensure the proper separation of the duplicated chromosomes.
Prophase:
During prophase, the chromatin in the nucleus condenses and becomes visible as distinct chromosomes. The nuclear envelope breaks down, and the spindle apparatus, composed of microtubules, forms between the two centrosomes. The chromosomes begin to move toward the center of the cell, and the microtubules attach to the kinetochores on each chromosome.
Illustration of Prophase:
Link of picture unavailable
Metaphase:
During metaphase, the chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate, an imaginary line that runs through the center of the cell. The spindle fibers pull on the chromosomes to ensure they are lined up correctly. The centrosomes are positioned at opposite poles of the cell.
Illustration of Metaphase:
Link unavailable
Anaphase:
During anaphase, the sister chromatids are separated from each other by the spindle fibers and are pulled toward opposite poles of the cell. The spindle fibers not attached to chromatids elongate and push the poles of the cell apart, causing the cell to become elongated.
Illustration of Anaphase:
Link of picture
Telophase:
During telophase, the nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes at opposite poles of the cell. The chromosomes begin to uncoil and revert to their less condensed form, and the spindle apparatus is disassembled. The cell begins to prepare for cytokinesis, which is the process of dividing the cell into two daughter cells.
Illustration of Telophase:
Link of picture
Overall, these four stages ensure that the genetic material is distributed equally between the two daughter cells.
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Which of the following is a characteristic of unicellular organisms?
1. They can possess tissues and organs.
2. All of their functions are performed by a single cell.
3. They are usually microscopic.
4. Each of their cells is specialized to perform a specific function.
Answers
When organisms break the bonds of organic compounds, the organisms can ____. A. use the smaller molecules to plug the gaps in the cell membrane to slow diffusion B. use the energy obtained to digest molecules produced by respiration that uses oxygen C. obtain energy or reassemble the resulting materials to form different compounds D. excrete smaller amounts of solid waste materials during vigorous exercise
Answers
Answer:
C. obtain energy or reassemble the resulting materials to form different compounds
Explanation:
Organisms can break down organic bonds (usually C-C bonds) to produce chemical energy, especially in the form of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In living cells, ATP is considered to be the 'cell's energy currency' because this molecule provides energy for diverse cellular processes. Moreover, small organic molecules generated by chemical breakdown can also be reutilized in metabolic pathways in order to synthesize new (more complex) macromolecules. For example, fatty acids generated by the breakdown of longer lipidic macromolecules can be reutilized in different metabolic pathways to produce structural building blocks of the cell.
Name given to the two new cells formed at the end of cell division.
Answers
Answer:
Diploid cells
Explanation:
The daughter cells from mitosis are called diploid cells. Diploid cells have two complete sets of chromosomes.
What is phenotype in biology?
Answers
Pls help!!!! Which of the following habitats is likely to be the MOST diverse
Answers
Answer:
C. a tropical rain forest
Explanation:
Dont have a explanation nut i hopes this help.
In flow cytometry, in addition to fluorescent markers, forward (FSC) and side (SSC) scatter are measured, and a. forward scatter is a measure of the amount of DNA in the cell. b.side scatter is a reflection of the size of the cell. c. side scatter is a measure of the amount of DNA in the cell. d. forward scatter is a reflection of the internal complexity of the cell. e. None of the answers are correct.
Answers
The correct answer is b. side scatter is a reflection of the size of the cell.
In flow cytometry, forward scatter (FSC) and side scatter (SSC) are parameters used to analyze cells or particles. They provide information about different physical properties of the cells.
Forward scatter is measured by detecting the intensity of light scattered in the forward direction. It is primarily influenced by the size of the cell or particle. Larger cells will scatter more light in the forward direction, resulting in higher forward scatter values.
Side scatter, on the other hand, is measured by detecting the intensity of light scattered at angles perpendicular to the incident light. It reflects the granularity or complexity of the cell. Cells with more internal complexity, such as those with granules or organelles, will scatter more light at different angles, leading to higher side scatter values.
Therefore, option b is correct. Side scatter in flow cytometry provides information about the size or granularity of the cell, while forward scatter reflects the internal complexity of the cell.
Option a, c, d, and e are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the relationship between scatter parameters and the amount of DNA in the cell.
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