Which of the below statement correctly describes cancer cell behaviour?
grows without regard of cell cycle checkpoints
invades the epithelium of a different tissue type
does not rely of growth factors to stimulate cell division
genetically instable
are less likely to activate apoptosis
all of the above

Answer:

A, B, and C

Explanation:

Terrestrial planets are planets that have a hard surface with the planet mostly being made of rocks and metals. There are only 4 planets in our solar system like this and they are also the ones closest to the sun. The ones that fit best the definition of terrestrial planets are A, B, and C.

"A chain of amino acids forms" happens as the fourth  step in making a protein (option D)

The building blocks for proteins are lengthy chains composing amino acids that bond through peptides to form what determines an organic entity's entire vital functionality.

Essential to every living organism's structural integrity and functionality, these large molecules differ in their particular three-dimensional structures based on differing constituent sequences made up entirely of smaller organic components.

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Answer:

A

Explanation:

vertebrates are animals with backbones

The water molecules will move from B to A in a media where the small blue spheres represent water molecules, sections A and B are divided by a membrane and section A contains fewer water molecules than section B (Option 3).

The movement of osmosis refers to the physical phenomena for which solvent molecules (in this case water molecules) move from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration through a semi permeable membrane barrier. This transport (i.e., the movement of osmosis) is fundamental to allowing metabolic processes into a cell.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that the movement of osmosis is due to the movement of solvent water molecules from a region with a high concentration to a region with having lower concentration, which occurs to maintain the state of equilibrium or homeostasis of the system.

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Living things are the organisms which show some common characteristics such as growth and development, metabolism, reproduction, and adaptation to the surrounding environment.

Living things refer to all the things which are now or once were alive. A non-living thing is anything which was never alive and does not show the characteristics of the living organisms. In order for something to be classified as living, it must show some characteristics such as growth and development, use of energy, reproduction, composed of cells, respond to its surrounding environment, and show adaptation.

All the living organisms share several key characteristics or functions such as order, sensitivity or response to the environment, homeostasis, and energy processing. Living organisms may be unicellular or multicellular. Living things respond to the stimulus.

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Based on this mechanism of action, we can rule out the first two stages of aerobic cellular respiration, which are glycolysis and the citric acid cycle).

Rotenone is a pesticide that inhibits the activity of complex I in the electron transport chain of aerobic cellular respiration. As a result, the flow of electrons from NADH to complex III is blocked.

Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell and does not require oxygen or the electron transport chain. It is the breakdown of glucose to produce two molecules of pyruvate, two molecules of ATP, and two molecules of NADH.

Rotenone does not affect glycolysis because it inhibits the electron transport chain, which is a later stage of aerobic cellular respiration.

The citric acid cycle takes place in the mitochondria of the cell and requires oxygen and the electron transport chain to function. It is the breakdown of pyruvate to produce CO2, ATP, and NADH.

However, rotenone does not affect the citric acid cycle directly because it inhibits complex I, which is not directly involved in the citric acid cycle. However, without functional complex I, the NADH produced by the citric acid cycle cannot be oxidized to produce ATP through the electron transport chain, ultimately leading to a decrease in ATP production.

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Inhibition of GTP hydrolysis, inhibition of cAMP breakdown will lead to increased transcription by the creb protein.

A transcription factor called CREB controls several cellular processes, such as differentiation, proliferation, and survival. A number of growth factors and inflammatory signals can activate CREB, which then regulates the transcription of genes with cAMP-responsive elements.

By adding an acetyl group to histone proteins, the CREB binding protein guarantees that the DNA is prepared for transcription (a process called acetylation). Histones are chromosome-shaping structural proteins that bind DNA.

The stabilization and retrieval of long-term, fear-based memories are aided by the cellular transcription factor CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein). It primarily accomplishes this through the hippocampus and amygdala, where it is expressed.

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The flexibility of spider silk determined by the structure of its molecules is quite strong.

The components that make up spider silk are what give it its flexibility. Proteins called fibroins, which are made up of amino acids organised in a certain sequence, make up spider silk. The arrangement of amino acids in fibroin proteins results in a helical structure, which is held together by hydrogen bonds between the amino acids.

The fibroin protein chain's exact arrangement of amino acids and hydrogen bonds produces a special blend of strength and flexibility. The silk is flexible enough to stretch and absorb energy without breaking and robust enough to resist significant stress. Spider silk is a fantastic material for many uses, including clothes, medical equipment, and even bulletproof vests, thanks to its unique mix of qualities.

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Answer:

D. Increased availability of food

Explanation:

Trust

The factor that would increase an area's carrying capacity for black-footed ferrets is the increased availability of food. The correct option is D.

Carrying capacity is defined as the average population size of a species in a given habitat.

Environmental factors such as adequate food, shelter, water, and mates limit the species population size. If these requirements are not met, the population will decline until the resources recover.

If there is more food available in an area, more black-footed ferrets can survive and reproduce, increasing the species' carrying capacity.

Increased competition for space, more diseases, and more predators would all reduce the carrying capacity of black-footed ferrets by reducing the number of individuals that could survive and reproduce in the area.

Thus, the correct option is D.

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Lipids helps in protecting the contents of cell because it is hydrophobic , when placed in water they do not get dissolve.

There is a characteristic that unites the various chemicals that make up lipids. Insoluble in water, lipids are hydrophobic ("fear of water"). In a cell, lipids have a wide range of activities. Fat-like lipids, often known as lipid stores, are how cells keep energy for long-term use. For both plants and animals, lipids act as a barrier between them and their surroundings. As an illustration, their water-repellent properties aid in keeping aquatic birds and mammals dry. A significant component of the plasma membrane, lipids serve as the building blocks for numerous hormones. The several types of lipids are fats, oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids.

Thus, lipids cell membrane are the structural barrier of cell and helps in protecting its contents .

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Answer:

It's the second one because the rest are wrong

Answer:

They may be used to replace dead or damaged cells

Explanation:

when cells die or damage the body makes new cell to replace them and the process is called division

A tiny electric message moves through a long part of a brain cell called the axon. When a message goes to the end of a nerve, it sends chemicals called neurotransmitters. These substances move through a tiny gap and attach to special parts of another nerve cell's outer covering.

Messages called impulses are sent from one nerve cell to another through a connection called a synapse. This process is called synaptic transmission. Synapses are connections between nerve cells or between nerve cells and other cells, like muscles or glands.

The neuron sending the signal is called the presynaptic neuron. When a signal travels down a nerve cell, it causes little sacs called vesicles to release chemicals called neurotransmitters.

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Answer:

Explanation:

vPoint Source - a source of water discharged to surface water through a discrete point - generally through a pipe, ditch, or channel.

Nonpoint Source - Nonpoint sources, such as parking lots or athletic fields, discharge runoff water to groundwater or surface water; runoff does not come from  a pipe, ditch, or channel. These sources may contain pollutants such as pesticides, motor oil, and soaps.

Navigable Waters of the United States  For the purposes of the Clean Water Act, the term "navigable waters" includes:

all waters used in commerce, including groundwater;

all interstate waters including wetlands, mudflats, and sand-flats; and

all other waters such as lakes, rivers, streams, wetlands and sloughs.

EPA policy states, "The majority of facilities in the U.S. have the potential to discharge to navigable waters."  The Supreme Court decision in (2006) requires the Army Corps of Engineers and the EPA to determine whether there is a "significant nexus" between a navigable waterway and an area a spill might affect.  In June of 2007, EPA and the Army Corps of Engineers released provisional interpretive guidance regarding the "significant nexus” question. According to this guidance, the agencies will assert jurisdiction over traditional navigable waters, wetlands adjacent thereto, and relatively permanent tributaries thereof. The agencies will generally not assert jurisdiction over swales and ditches that lack routine water flow. Finally, the agencies will apply the "significant nexus" requirement and make a case-by-case, fact-specific analysis on impermanent tributaries and other wetlands.

Additional executive orders were issued 2015 in 2019.  Under the 2019 proposal, traditional navigable waters, tributaries to those waters, certain ditches, certain lakes and ponds, impoundments of jurisdictional waters, and wetlands adjacent to jurisdictional waters would be federally regulated. It also details what are not "waters of the United States," such as features that only contain water during or in response to rainfall (e.g., ephemeral features); groundwater; many ditches, including most roadside or farm ditches; prior converted cropland; stormwater control features; and waste treatment systems.

Could the requirement for one or more NPDES Discharge Permit apply to my campus?

If your campus discharges pollutants directly to navigable waters of the United States through a point source, you must obtain an NPDES permit or redirect the flow of the waste.

Stormwater releases from certain activities require an NPDES permit. The most common activities on college campuses requiring NPDES permits for stormwater are construction activities disturbing more than 1 acre, hazardous waste storage areas operating under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act permit system, steam-generating power plants, and airports. See Stormwater section below.

Regulations issued by local water authorities, or Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs), not NPDES permits, govern discharges into sanitary sewer systems. See Sewer Use (POTW) section below for more information about requirements for using POTWs for commercial or industrial waste disposal.

What do I have to do related to NPDES Discharge Permits?

Determine where wastewater flows from buildings and processes on your campus. Any industrial or commercial operation (e.g., ice rink melt pits, floor drains, and vehicle wash stations) that discharge into a water of the United States may require an NPDES permit. If required, you must obtain such a permit from the appropriate regulatory agency, probably your state environmental agency.

French drains, dry wells, and septic system leach fields are different from point source discharges because they do not immediately affect surface water. Some state and federal environmental agencies manage these systems under the Underground Injection Control program, part of the Safe Drinking Water Act. See Safe Drinking Water Act for more information.

Details of NPDES

Answer:

a. When you need a burst of energy, the hormones epinephrine and glucagon are secreted into your bloodstream and circulated to your muscle cells, where they initiate a cascade of reactions that leads to the phosphorylation of the inactive b form of glycogen phosphorylase, thereby converting the enzyme into the active a form.

Phosphorylation produces an alteration of charges on the protein and causes its inactivation: it converts the active form a of synthase into a completely inactive form b.

b. Even in the a form, glycogen phosphorylase is allosterically inhibited by a high concentration of glucose or ATP within a specific liver cell.

Although the nature of the metabolites involved in regulating enzymes is very varied, it is very common to find adenylates (ATP, ADP and AMP) as allosteric effectors. The use of these compounds as effectors makes it possible to coordinate the rate of ATP formation with that of its use. A. Any small change in ATP or ADP concentrations will result in relatively large changes in [AMP]. Thus, enzymes that have AMP as an allosteric effector are sensitive to small changes in [ATP] or [ADP].

c. Your pancreas synthesizes and secretes the proteolytic enzyme carboxypeptidase in the form of an inactive precursor called procarboxypeptidase, which is activated as a result of proteolytic cleavage by the enzyme trypsin in the duodenum of your small intestine.

The pancreas is a mixed gland of both endocrine and exocrine character. Its main content is the enzymes that degrade practically all the nutritional principles and that are synthesized and stored in the acinar cells. So there are: Procarboxypeptidase whose activator is trypsin breaks carboxylic bonds of terminal amino acids that have aromatic or branched side chains.

Explanation:

a. When you need a burst of energy, the hormones epinephrine and glucagon are secreted into your bloodstream and circulated to your muscle cells, where they initiate a cascade of reactions that leads to the phosphorylation of the inactive b form of glycogen phosphorylase, thereby converting the enzyme into the active a form.

Phosphorylation converts the inactive form (b) into the active form (a). There are two forms of the enzyme that break down glycogen, glycogen phosphorylase a (phosphorylated and active) and phosphorylase b (dephosphorylated and inactive). Phosphorylation at a serine residue of each phosphorylase b subunit causes it to be converted to phosphorylase a, and that phosphorylation is catalyzed by phosphorylase b kinase. The phosphorylated form b requires a high level of the allosteric activator glucose 6-phosphate to activate, whereas form a is active whether or not glucose 6-phosphate is present. Phosphorylase b kinase is activated in turn, by phosphorylation and also by high level of Ca2 + in muscle. The enzyme that catalyzes this last phosphorylation, of phosphorylase b kinase, is protein kinase, which in turn is activated by the binding of cAMP, interacts differently with the phosphorylated and dephosphorylated form of the enzyme, thus resulting in an extremely regulatory process. sensitive. In this way, high levels of AMP activate form b of the enzyme and ATP and G-6-P inhibit it.

b. Even in the a form, glycogen phosphorylase is allosterically inhibited by a high concentration of glucose or ATP within a specific liver cell.

The regulation of glycogen degradation is exerted at the level of glycogen phosphorylase. GP is regulated by two mechanisms: Allosteric regulation by metabolites: AMP in muscle and glucose in liver. AMP is a positive allosteric effector or activator of muscle phosphorylase, it binds to phosphorylase b and activates it, thus acting when the energy state of the muscle is low. ATP can reverse this activating effect. The high concentration of glucose in the blood switches off or deactivates the degradation of glycogen in the liver.

c. Your pancreas synthesizes and secretes the proteolytic enzyme carboxypeptidase in the form of an inactive precursor called procarboxypeptidase, which is activated as a result of proteolytic cleavage by the enzyme trypsin in the duodenum of your small intestine.

The exocrine portion has an acinar structure, and its secretion is absolutely essential for digestive processes. The exopeptidases of pancreatic juice are carboxypeptidase A and B. The first hydrolyzes peptide bonds at the carboxyterminal end, releasing any type of amino acid except arginine, lysine and proline. Carboxypeptidase B also hydrolyzes carboxy-terminal peptide bonds, but only when the carboxy-terminal amino acid is arginine or lysine. Procarboxypeptidase A is one of the zymogens that make up the pancreatic secretion that is discharged into the duodenum. In the intestine it produces its activation limited proteolysis that gives rise to the appearance of carboxypeptidase A in active form.

Answer: The concentration of sugar in solution D is 35%. Solution D is a hypertonic solution as the solute concentration is more than the potato cell concentration. Therefore, water will move into the cell to equalize the osmotic pressure gradient between the cell and the solution. Hence, strip D will swell.

Explanation:

Answer:

What subject is it, and could you please show the formula?

Explanation:

Answer:

I can but umm I don't understand so sorry

Explanation:

I can't read that and don't know what it is about

Answer:

As altitude increases, the amount of gas molecules in the air decreases—the air becomes less dense than air nearer to sea level.

Explanation:

Answer:

It falls

Explanation:

I just took the test

Answer:

Two forces: Gravity and the Support force that apposes it

Explanation:

:)

It is a false statement that ATP synthase converts ADP into sugars. It converts ADP to ATP.

The ATP synthase is an enzyme that is responsible for the production of ATP from ADP. The term ATP is adenosine triphosphate while the term ADP is adenosine diphosphate.

We know that the enzyme ATP synthase  is a precursor, in the presence of the precursor, there is the conversion of the ADP into ATP which is the energy molecule of the living cells.

It is not true, from the discussion above that the role of the enzyme is to convert ADP to sugars.

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Answer:

A

Explanation:

Learnt this 2 yrs ago in geography class

Answer:

a

Explanation:

The lymphatic system serves the purpose D) to return lymph to the circulatory system.

Lymph is a clear fluid that bathes the tissues of the body. It is similar to blood plasma, but it contains fewer proteins and more white blood cells. The lymphatic system is made up of a network of vessels that collect lymph from the tissues and return it to the bloodstream. The vessels are similar to veins, but they have thinner walls and more valves.

The lymphatic system also includes lymph nodes, which are small, bean-shaped organs that filter lymph and produce white blood cells. The lymphatic system plays an important role in the body's immune system. It helps to remove waste products and toxins from the tissues, and it helps to fight infection.

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Salt in freshwater is less than that in salt water, and the concentration of salt in the Dead Sea is greater than the concentration of salt in the oceans.

The ratio of a constituent's abundance to the total volume of a mixture is called concentration. Mass concentration, molar concentration, number concentration, and volume concentration are four different categories of mathematical description.

The Dead Sea has a salinity of 33.7 percent, and the second-saltiest lake in the world is the Dead Sea.

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Answer:

It is the extent to which the contributions made by an individual match the inducements offered by an organization.

Explanation:

Mosses and liverworts (Bryophytes):

- Example: Mosses (e.g., Sphagnum moss) and liverworts (e.g., Marchantia)

- Vascular tissue: No true vascular tissue (lack xylem and phloem)

- Dominant structure: Gametophyte generation is more dominant in structure

- Other characteristics:

  1. Lack of true roots, stems, and leaves; instead, they have rhizoids.

  2. Reproduce via spores and require water for fertilization.

Ferns and relatives (Pteridophytes):

- Example: Ferns (e.g., Polypodium) and horsetails (e.g., Equisetum)

- Vascular tissue: Have true vascular tissue (xylem and phloem)

- Dominant structure: Sporophyte generation is more dominant in structure

- Other characteristics:

  1. Reproduce via spores produced in structures called sporangia.

  2. Exhibit well-developed leaves called fronds and often have underground stems (rhizomes).

Conifers (Gymnosperms):

- Example: Conifers such as pine trees (e.g., Pinus) and spruces (e.g., Picea)

- Vascular tissue: Have true vascular tissue (xylem and phloem)

- Dominant structure: Sporophyte generation is more dominant in structure

- Other characteristics:

  1. Produce seeds in cones.

  2. Typically have needle-like or scale-like leaves and are often evergreen.

Flowering plants (Angiosperms):

- Example: Flowering plants include roses (e.g., Rosa), sunflowers (e.g., Helianthus), and oak trees (e.g., Quercus)

- Vascular tissue: Have true vascular tissue (xylem and phloem)

- Dominant structure: Sporophyte generation is more dominant in structure

- Other characteristics:

  1. Produce flowers for sexual reproduction.

  2. Seeds are enclosed within fruits.

  3. Have a wide range of forms, from small herbs to large trees.

Please note that the examples provided are just a few representatives of each plant group, and there are many more species within each group.Mosses and liverworts (Bryophytes):

- Example: Mosses (e.g., Sphagnum moss) and liverworts (e.g., Marchantia)

- Vascular tissue: No true vascular tissue (lack xylem and phloem)

- Dominant structure: Gametophyte generation is more dominant in structure

- Other characteristics:

  1. Lack of true roots, stems, and leaves; instead, they have rhizoids.

  2. Reproduce via spores and require water for fertilization.

Ferns and relatives (Pteridophytes):

- Example: Ferns (e.g., Polypodium) and horsetails (e.g., Equisetum)

- Vascular tissue: Have true vascular tissue (xylem and phloem)

- Dominant structure: Sporophyte generation is more dominant in structure

- Other characteristics:

  1. Reproduce via spores produced in structures called sporangia.

  2. Exhibit well-developed leaves called fronds and often have underground stems (rhizomes).

Conifers (Gymnosperms):

- Example: Conifers such as pine trees (e.g., Pinus) and spruces (e.g., Picea)

- Vascular tissue: Have true vascular tissue (xylem and phloem)

- Dominant structure: Sporophyte generation is more dominant in structure

- Other characteristics:

  1. Produce seeds in cones.

  2. Typically have needle-like or scale-like leaves and are often evergreen.

Flowering plants (Angiosperms):

- Example: Flowering plants include roses (e.g., Rosa), sunflowers (e.g., Helianthus), and oak trees (e.g., Quercus)

- Vascular tissue: Have true vascular tissue (xylem and phloem)

- Dominant structure: Sporophyte generation is more dominant in structure

- Other characteristics:

  1. Produce flowers for sexual reproduction.

  2. Seeds are enclosed within fruits.

  3. Have a wide range of forms, from small herbs to large trees.

Please note that the examples provided are just a few representatives of each plant group, and there are many more species within each group.

Answer:

1): A- Both of these compounds are funnelled through the TC A/citric acid cycle. Is correct.

Knowledge is created through the process of science. Both thorough observation of occurrences and the creation of theories to explain those observations are essential to the process. Knowledge will always change since new observations could refute accepted ideas. No matter how well one theory explains a given collection of observations, it is always feasible that another theory will fit the same set of observations just as well, better, or across a larger range.

The majority of scientific knowledge is enduring, despite the fact that scientists reject the idea of discovering perfect truth and accept some doubt as a component of nature. Science typically modifies ideas rather than rejects them completely because strong theories are more likely to endure, advance in accuracy, and gain widespread acceptance. For instance, when developing the theory of relativity, Albert Einstein did not completely reject the Newtonian laws of motion but rather demonstrated that they were only a rough approximation with a more general concept.

This seems like a strange restriction because it is obvious that both modern science and the majority of earlier science is a social activity. For information, samples, techniques, and many other things, scientists depend on one another. Their interactions are occasionally competitive and frequently cooperative.

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Answer:

two (2)

Explanation:

Remember, the capillaries in simple words refer to a tiny vessel that aids in the removal of waste products, circulation of red blood cells, oxygen, and other vital nutrients to the entire body.

After observing the schematic representation of the human body's circulatory system, we can make the conclusion that the red blood cells will pass through two (2) capillary beds before it reaches the right atrium of the heart.

Answer:

Amylase

Explanation:

Saliva contains special enzymes that help digest the starches in your food. An enzyme called amylase breaks down starches (complex carbohydrates) into sugars, which your body can more easily absorb. Saliva also contains an enzyme called lingual lipase, which breaks down fats.

Assuming complete dominance for both genes, the parents genotypes are bbEe and Bbee. Among the offpring, the Expected genotypes are: 1/4 BbEe, 1/4 Bbee, 1/4 bbEe, 1/4 bbee. And the Expected phenotypes are: 1/4 brown eyes and normal vision, 1/4  brown eyes and express extremenearsightedness, 1/4 blue eyes and normal vision, 1/4 blue eyes and express extremenearsightedness.

Complete dominance is the inheritance pattern in which the dominant allele can hide the expression of the recessive allele when both of them are together in heterozygous individuals. In these cases, only the dominant phenotype can be expressed.

In the exposed example, we will assume complete dominance for both genes.

Gene for eye color

Gene for extremenearsightedness

Available data:

- blue eyed (bb)

- normal vision (E-)

- his mother was affected (ee)

The fact that his mother was affected suggests the man is heterozygous because he received one recessive allele from his mother. So he has normal vision but is heterozygous for the trait, Ee.

- Brown eyes Bb

- Affected by extremenearsightedness, ee.

Man and woman's Genotypes

Cross: blue-eyed man with normal vision with and affected brown-eyed woman

Parentals) bbEe   x   Bbee

Gametes) bE bE be be  

                Be Be be be

Punnett square)    bE        bE        be        be

                    Be    BbEe   BbEe   Bbee   Bbee

                    Be    BbEe   BbEe   Bbee   Bbee

                    be    bbEe   bbEe    bbee   bbee

                    be    bbEe   bbEe    bbee   bbee

F1) Genotypes

4/16 = 1/4 = 25% of the progeny is expected to be dihybrid, BbEe

4/16 = 1/4 = 25% of the progeny is expected to be Bbee

4/16 = 1/4 = 25% of the progeny is expected to be bbEe

4/16 = 1/4 = 25% of the progeny is expected to be bbee

    Phenotype

Parents genotypes: bbEe and Bbee

Expected genotype: 1/4 BbEe, 1/4 Bbee, 1/4 bbEe, 1/4 bbee

Expected phenotype: 14 brown eyes (Bb) and normal vision (Ee), 1/4  brown eyes (Bb) and express extremenearsightedness (ee), 1/4 blue eyes (bb) and normal vision (Ee), 1/4 blue eyes (bb) and express extremenearsightedness (ee).

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Complete question:

A heterozygous brown eyed (B) woman marries a blue eyed (b) man.The woman has extremenearsightedness, a condition that required her to wear glasses at a very young age.

Nearsightedness is recessive.

The man has normal vision, but his mother had extremenear-sightedness.

Determine the parents’ genotypes. Then, show the Punnett square