Which of an atom's electrons are involved in chemical reactions?

ANSWER: D

A. The electrons that make one isotope different from another

B. The electrons closest to the nucleus of the atom

C. The electrons that determine the atomic number of the atom

D. The electrons farthest from the nucleus of the atom​

Answer:

473 °C

Explanation:

The following data were obtained from the question:

Initial volume (V1) = 200 mL

Initial temperature (T1) = 100 °C

Final volume (V2) = 400 mL

Final temperature (T2) =..?

Next, we shall convert celsius temperature to Kelvin temperature. This can be obtained as follow:

T(K) = T (°C) + 273

Initial temperature (T1) = 100 °C

Initial temperature (T1) = 100 °C + 273 = 373 K

Next, we shall determine the final temperature of the water as follow:

Initial volume (V1) = 200 mL

Initial temperature (T1) = 373 K

Final volume (V2) = 400 mL

Final temperature (T2) =..?

V1/T1 = V2/T2

200/373 = 400/T2

Cross multiply

200 × T2 = 373 × 400

200 × T2 = 149200

Divide both side by 200

T2 = 149200/200

T2 = 746 K

Finally, we shall convert 746 K to celsius temperature. This is illustrated below:

T(°C) = T(K) – 273

T(K) = 746 K

T(°C) = 746 – 273

T(°C) = 473 °C

Therefore, the temperature of the second sample when it starts to boil is 473 °C

Answer:

chemical composition

Explanation:

Ionic liquids offer numerous advantages over conventional organic solvents for carrying out organic reactions, Malhotra notes. "In many cases, product recovery is easier, catalysts can be recycled, and the ionic liquids can be reused," he says. "In addition, their thermodynamic and kinetic behavior is different.

According to the given question 52.14% is the mass percentage οf c in CH₃CH₂OH

The cοncentratiοn οf an element in a cοmpοund οr cοmpοnent in a mixture can be expressed, fοr example, as a mass percentage. The mass οf a cοmpοnent is divided by the entire mass οf the cοmbinatiοn, then multiplied by 100%, tο cοmpute the mass percentage.

A clear, cοlοurless liquid, ethanοl has a distinct sweet arοma and burning flavοur. It burns really easily. In additiοn tο mixing easily with water and many οther οrganic liquids, ethanοl is used tο dissοlve οther chemicals.

Mοlar mass οf CH₃CH₂OH = 46.07 g/mοl

Mass οf C = 12.01 g/mοl

Nοw, fοr the mass percentage οf C in CH₃CH₂OH,

Tοtal mass οf C in CH₃CH₂OH = 2 × 12.01 g/mοl = 24.02 g/mοl

Mass percentage οf C in CH₃CH₂OH = [24/46.07]*100 = 0.5213805 ×100%  ≅ 52.14%

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Newton's laws are not ideal for analyzing electrons' motion due to the nature of quantum mechanics, wave-particle duality, and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.

Newton's laws are not invalid for analyzing electrons' motion due to the following reasons:
1. Quantum mechanics: Newton's laws are based on classical mechanics, which works well for macroscopic objects. However, when dealing with microscopic particles like electrons, quantum mechanics becomes the more accurate framework for understanding their behavior.
2. Wave-particle duality: Electrons exhibit both particle-like and wave-like properties, which cannot be accurately described by Newton's laws. This duality is better explained by quantum mechanics.
3. Heisenberg uncertainty principle: According to this principle, it is impossible to precisely determine an electron's position and momentum simultaneously. Newton's laws rely on exact knowledge of these quantities, which makes them unsuitable for analyzing electron motion at the quantum level.
In conclusion, Newton's laws are not ideal for analyzing electrons' motion due to the nature of quantum mechanics, wave-particle duality, and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.

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If the product of the spins is 1, 2, 6 or 36, totally taupe will be used. Otherwise, the color used will be determined by the corresponding product of the spins according to the following table.

The description that accurately explains how a fair decision can be made in this situation is: if the product of the spins is 1, 2, 6 or 36, totally taupe will be used. Otherwise, the color used will be determined by the corresponding product of the spins according to the following table:
- If the product is 2, pale lilac will be used.
- If the product is 4, mellow sage will be used.
- If the product is 12, seafoam blue will be used.

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Sodium (Na): 1 valence electron

Argon (Ar): 8 valence electrons

Aluminum (Al): 3 valence electrons

Phosphorus (P): 5 valence electrons

The number of valence electrons in atoms can be determined by looking at their position in the periodic table.

Sodium (Na) is in Group 1 of the periodic table. Group 1 elements, also known as alkali metals, have 1 valence electron.

Argon (Ar) is in Group 18 (Group 8A), which is the noble gases group. Noble gases have full valence electron shells and are stable. Argon has 8 valence electrons.

Aluminum (Al) is in Group 13 (Group 3A). Group 13 elements have 3 valence electrons.

Phosphorus (P) is in Group 15 (Group 5A). Group 15 elements have 5 valence electrons.

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Answer:

Chloroplasts?

Explanation:

4 moles of Fe react with 3 moles of oxygen. Therefore, the mole ratio of iron to iron oxide in this process is 4:2.

The chemical element with the atomic number 8 and symbol O is called oxygen. It belongs to the periodic table's halogen group, is a very reactive nonmetal, and an oxidizing agent that easily produces oxides with most elements as well as other compounds.

The non-metallic element oxygen occurs naturally as a molecule. Two oxygen atoms that are tightly bound together make up each molecule. Oxygen is in a gaseous form at ambient temperature due to its low melting and boiling temperatures.

According to scientists, the oceans produce between 50 and 80 percent of the oxygen used on Earth. Oceanic plankton, which includes floating plants, algae, and certain bacteria that can photosynthesize, is the main source of this production.

Thus, 4 moles of Fe react with 3 moles of oxygen.

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The average atomic mass of the element is 204.40 amu

Average atomic mass = sum of isotopic mass * abundance of each isotope

Average atomic mass = 202.99 * 29.524% + 70.476% * 204.99 amu.

Average atomic mass = 204.40 amu

Therefore,  the average atomic mass of the element is 204.40 amu

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if a diluted nitric acid solution has a concentration of 0. 0001 M. The solution's pH value is 4.

What exactly is pH?

The pH scale, which ranges from 0 to 14, is used to determine whether a material is acidic, basic, or neutral.

How can I determine the pH of a solution?

The hydrogen ion is represented to compute the pH. Here it is expressed:

pH = - log[H⁺]

Therefore, in case of the nitric acid(HNO₃) ,the concentration of hydrogen ion = 0.0001 M.

So, pH = - log[0.0001]

⇒pH = -log(1/10000)

⇒pH = -log(10)⁻⁴

⇒pH = -4 x -log(10)

⇒pH = -4 x (-1)

⇒pH = 4

Therefore it is concluded that the pH of the nitric acid solution is 4.

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In a potential future fusion power plant such as a tokamak or stellarator, neutrons from DT reactions would generate power for our use.

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Answer:

Although atoms with equal numbers of protons and electrons exhibit no electrical charge, it is common for atoms to attain the stable electronic configuration of the inert gases by either gaining or losing electrons. The metallic elements on the left side of the periodic table have electrons in excess of the stable configuration. Table 1 shows the electron loss necessary for three light metals to reach a stable electron structure.

The positive charge on the resulting metal ion is due to the atom possessing more nuclear protons than orbital electrons. The valence electrons are most distant from the nucleus; thus, they are weakly held by the electrostatic attraction of the protons and, consequently, are easily stripped from atoms of the metals.

By contrast, the nonmetallic elements on the right side of the periodic table have fewer electrons than that of a stable configuration and can most readily attain the stable configuration of the inert gases by gaining electrons. The negative charge on the resulting nonmetal ion is due to the atom possessing more orbital electrons than nuclear protons. Table 2 compares three nonmetals to the inert gas argon.

Because metallic elements tend to lose electrons and nonmetallic elements tend to gain electrons, a pair of contrasting elements will exchange electrons so that both achieve stable electronic configurations. The resulting ions of opposite charge have a strong force of electrostatic attraction, which is called an ionic bond. Note: This bond forms through the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another, in contrast to the electron sharing of the covalent bond.

The force of attraction between two points of opposite electrical charge is given by Coulomb's law:  

equation

where q + is the positive charge, q – is the negative charge, and d is the distance between the two charges. This law of electrostatic attraction can be used to measure the distance between two spherical ions because the charges can be considered to be located at the center of each sphere. (See Figure 1.)

Figure 1. The distance between ionic charges.

figure  

Notice that the distance between the centers of the two ions is the sum of radii of the ions. The appropriate electrostatic force then is calculated from the equation  

equation

where q C is the charge of the positive cation, q A is the charge of the negative anion, and the denominator is the sum of their radii.

The strength of ionic bonding, therefore, depends on both the charges and the sizes of the two ions. Higher charges and smaller sizes produce stronger bonds. Table 3 shows the approximate radii of selected ions, which have the electronic configuration of an inert gas. The radii are in equation.

For ions of the same charge, the ionic radius increases as you go down any column because the elements of higher atomic number have a greater number of electrons in a series of electronic shells progressively farther from the nucleus. The change in ionic size along a row in the chart just above shows the effect of attraction by protons in the nucleus.

In Table 4, the five ions O 2– through A1 3+ are all isoelectronic; that is, they have the same number of electrons in the same orbitals.

For continuity, the neutral Ne atom is also in the chart, with its atomic radius. As you proceed to the right in Table 4, the greater number of protons attracts the electrons more strongly, producing progressively smaller ions.

Now use Coulomb's law to compare the strengths of the ionic bonds in crystals of magnesium oxide and lithium fluoride. The sizes of the four ions are taken from the tabulation of radii of cations and anions in Table 5.

equation

Comparing the two relative forces of electrostatic attraction that you calculated, you can conclude that ionic bonding is considerably stronger in magnesium oxide. This affects the physical properties and chemical behavior of the two compounds. For example, the melting point of MgO (2,852°C) is much higher than that of LiF (845°C).

The strength of chemical bonding in various substances is commonly measured by the thermal energy (heat) needed to separate the bonded atoms or ions into individual atoms or ion

Explanation:

The compound X that have a Molecular molar mass of 138 g/mol is

Given here,

Compound x - 6g

malar mass of x - 138g/mol

Carbon dioxide - 13.39 g

water - 2.35g

So,

The moles of Water will be 0.13 mol

The moles of Hydrogen will be 0.26

Mass of hydrogen = 0.26 g

The moles of  CO2  will be 0.304

The moles of carbon will be 0.304

Mass of Carbon = 3.65 g

Mass of  Oxygen = Total mass of the compound - (mass of C + mass of H)

= 6.0 g - ( 3.65 + 0.262 ) g

= 2.09 g

Moles of oxygen = 0.131

Since Oxygen has the least moles, to find the molar ratio of the constituent atom, divide the moles of an atom from oxygen.

C = 0.304/0.131 = 2.8

C = 0.26/0.131 = 2

C = 0.131/0.131 = 1

convert 2.3 into a whole number

C = 2.3*3 = 7

H = 2*3 = 6

O = 1*3 = 3

Hence formula will be C7H6O3

What is molar mass?

The molar mass of a chemical compound is determined in chemistry by dividing the mass of a sample of that compound by the quantity of that compound, which is the number of moles in that sample, measured in moles. The molar mass of a substance is a bulk attribute rather than a molecular one. The compound's molar mass is an average over numerous samples, which frequently have different masses because of isotopes. A terrestrial average and a function of the relative abundance of the isotopes of the constituent atoms on Earth, the molar mass is most frequently calculated using the standard atomic weights. For converting between a substance's mass and amount in bulk amounts, the molar mass is the proper unit.

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Answer:

C. The molecules move slower

Explanation:

Answer:  4 NH₃ + 5 O₂  →   4NO  + 6 H₂O

Explanation:

If we write out the chemical symbols for the molecules expressed in the question, along with the moles we get the following equation:

   4 NH₃ + 5 O₂  →   4 NO  + 6 H₂O

To know if the equation is balanced we can compare the Reantact side to the Product side for each element. If the equation is balanced, they would be equal.

      Reactant      Product

N        4                    4

H        12                  12

O        10                  6+4 = 10

∴ the equation is balanced.

H2O⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅H−CH3 shows intermolecular attraction between water molecules and methane molecules, but not a hydrogen bond specifically.

A hydrogen bond is a type of intermolecular attraction that occurs when a hydrogen atom is bonded to an electronegative atom such as nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine, and it is attracted to another electronegative atom in a nearby molecule. This attraction is represented by a dotted line.

Looking at the choices provided, the only option that shows a hydrogen bond is H3N⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅H−O−H. In this molecule, the hydrogen atom in the H−O−H group is bonded to the highly electronegative oxygen atom, and it forms a hydrogen bond with the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom in the H3N group.

The dotted line between the H and N represents the hydrogen bond.

In contrast, the other options do not show a hydrogen bond. H−H represents a simple covalent bond between two hydrogen atoms, while H4C⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅H−F represents a covalent bond between a carbon atom and a fluorine atom, with no electronegative atoms capable of forming a hydrogen bond. H2O⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅H−CH3 shows intermolecular attraction between water molecules and methane molecules, but not a hydrogen bond specifically.

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Answer: Mixture is a liquid with a solid dissolved in it

Explanation:

Mixture is all the states of matter can combine to form either solid. liquid and gas.

The any states of matter can combine and form a mixture . mixture is when two or more substance combine. mixture either be solid, liquids or gases. example salt and water is a mixture. sugar and water is a mixture. mixtures are of two types:

homogeneous mixture is the mixture in which the composition of substances is uniform. salt and water mixture the heterogeneous mixture in which the composition of matter is not uniform. like sand and soil mixture.

Thus, Mixture is all the states of matter can combine to form either solid. liquid and gas.

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Metals lose electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration similar to a noble gas, while nonmetals gain electrons to achieve the same. This electron transfer between metals and nonmetals results in the formation of ionic compounds.


Metals have low ionization energies, which means it requires less energy for them to lose electrons. When metals lose electrons, they achieve a stable electron configuration similar to that of a noble gas. For example, sodium (Na) has an electron configuration of 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹. By losing one electron, it becomes Na⁺ with an electron configuration of 1s² 2s² 2p⁶, which is similar to neon (Ne).

On the other hand, nonmetals have high electronegativities, which means they have a strong attraction for electrons. By gaining electrons, nonmetals achieve a stable electron configuration similar to that of a noble gas. For instance, chlorine (Cl) has an electron configuration of 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁵. By gaining one electron, it becomes Cl⁻ with an electron configuration of 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶, which is similar to argon (Ar).

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Explanation:

The alimentary canal is the long tube of organs - including stomaches and intestines

Answer: digestive strat.

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Answer:

B

Explanation:

because b is way more precise for measuring smaller volumes of liquid

Answer:

B

Explanation:

because b is way more precise for measuring smaller volumes of liquid THANKS 00.0(0 votes)Express your feedback with quick commentsNeed a bit more clarification? Get a high-quality answer with step-by-step explanations from a professional in just minutes instead!GET A VERIFIED ANSWERAdvertisementStill have questions?FIND MORE ANSWERSASK YOUR QUESTIONNew questions in ChemistryWhich water-soluble vitamin cannot be absorbed by the intestinal mucosa unless it has been bound to intrinsic factor?What type(s) of bonds is (are) found between atoms within hydrocarbon molecules?Why are mixtures of gases, such as argon and helium, much more likely to form an ideal solution than other combinations such as solids and liquids?The number of covalent bonds that a nitrogen atom is expected to form is?(CO3) 2 is the _______ group of answer choices acetate cyanide hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate)carbonateAnswer asap have to finish by 1Divide the scientific notationgood morning another free point question:) have a good life and the person who gave me advice i love you​perform the following mathematical operation, and report the answer to the correct numbers of significant figures 2.500 x 10^2 __________= ?x10^? 5….00 x 10^-5What information does an equilibrium constant give about a reaction? A. It tells whether products or reactants are favored at equilibrium. B. It tells…how much energy is required for the reaction to happen. C. It tells how long it takes the reaction to reach equilibrium. D. It tells what the rate constant of the reaction is at equilibrium. SUBMITLOAD MOREPreviousNextplattnicholasrAmbitious2224 pts2Answer MasterNumbers Nerd+16 moreCurrent planBrainly BasicSpecial Offers3View My AchievementsAccount SettingsYour influence2Answering StreakYour Streak is on! Answer another question tomorrow and keep it going.Fun factAn apple, potato, and onion all taste the same if you eat them with your nose plugged 1Fun factBananas are curved because they grow towards the sun ☀️233Get +6 bonus3Last 7 daysOverallYour stats from the last 7 days compared with the previous 7 daysPopularity16People learning from your answers.+1600%Brainliest2This many users said your answers were the best!+200%Thanks7Your effort is appreciated!+700%Questions answered42+4200%17 Aug - 23 Aug

Answer:

prolly the gay one

Explanation:

Taking into account the reaction stoichiometry, 4.57 grams of H₂O are formed when8.63 grams of Al₂O₃ reacts with HNO₃.

In first place, the balanced reaction is:

Al₂O₃ + 6 HNO₃  → 2 Al(NO₃)₃ + 3 H₂O

By reaction stoichiometry (that is, the relationship between the amount of reagents and products in a chemical reaction), the following amounts of moles of each compound participate in the reaction:

The molar mass of the compounds is:

Then, by reaction stoichiometry, the following mass quantities of each compound participate in the reaction:

The following rule of three can be applied: if by reaction stoichiometry 102 grams of Al₂O₃ form 54 grams of H₂O, 8.63 grams of Al₂O₃ form how much mass of H₂O?

\(mass H_{2} O=\frac{8.63 grams of Al_{2} O_{3} x54 grams of H_{2} O}{102 grams of Al_{2} O_{3}}\)

mass of H₂O= 4.57 grams

Then, 4.57 grams of H₂O are formed when8.63 grams of Al₂O₃ reacts with HNO₃.

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Answer: The correct number of significant figures in \(7.68 \times 4.564\) is 35.05152.

Explanation:

Digits present in a number that helps in determining the degree of accuracy starting from the first non-zero digit is called a significant figure.

Some rules for significant figures are as follows.

For example, 2085 contains 4 significant digits.

For example, 0.0034 has 2 significant digits.

For example, 0.02500 has 4 significant figures.

For example, 19000 has 2 significant digits.

Now, the product of given digits is as follows.

\(7.68 \times 4.564 = 35.05152\)

Thus, we can conclude that correct number of significant figures in \(7.68 \times 4.564\) is 35.05152.

Answer:

A mole is the amount of pure substance containing the same number of chemical units as there are atoms in exactly

12 grams of carbon-12 (i.e., 6.023 X 1023).

Explanation:

The number of molecules 5.87 ×10¹⁹ molecules. 12 mg (i.e 0.012 g) of C₆H₅NO₂ contains 5.87 ×10¹⁹ molecules.

Mass of C₆H₅NO₂ = 12 mg

Number of molecules of C₆H₅NO₂ =?

The next step is to change 12 mg to g.

1 mg = 10¯³ g

Therefore,

12 mg = 12 mg × 10¯³ g / 1 mg

12 mg = 0.012 g

We will then calculate the mass of 1 mole of C₆H₅NO₂.

1 mole of C₆H₅NO₂ = (12×6) + (5×1) + 14 + (16×2)

= 72 + 5 + 14 + 32

= 123 g

We will count the molecules in 12 mg (or 0.012 g) of C₆H₅NO₂.

From Avogadro's hypothesis,

1 mole of C₆H₅NO₂ = 6.02×10²³ molecules

123 g of C₆H₅NO₂ = 6.02×10²³ molecules

Therefore,

0.012 g of C₆H₅NO₂ = 0.012 × 6.02×10²³ / 123

0.012 g of C₆H₅NO₂ = 5.87 ×10¹⁹ molecules.

Thus, 12 mg (i.e 0.012 g) of C₆H₅NO₂ contains 5.87 ×10¹⁹ molecules.

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Answer:

1. Carbon dioxide, increase of green house gas

2. Stop deforestation, cut down amount of cars on the road (encourage public to take public transport), reduce the amount of time u on the air-conditioning