Which molecules of the following gases will
have the greatest average kinetic energy?
1. N2 at 1 atm and 298 K
2. CO2 at 1 atm and 298 K
3. H2 at 0.5 atm and 298 K
4. He at 0.1 atm and 298 K
5. All of the molecules have the same kinetic
energy

Molarity

Chemists primarily need the concentration of solutions to be expressed in a way that accounts for the number of particles that react according to a particular chemical equation. Since percentage measurements are based on either mass or volume, they are generally not useful for chemical reactions. A concentration unit based on moles is preferable. The molarity (M) of a solution is the number of moles of solute dissolved in one liter of solution. To calculate the molarity of a solution, you divide the moles of solute by the volume of the solution expressed in liters.

Note that the volume is in liters of solution and not liters of solvent. When a molarity is reported, the unit is the symbol M and is read as “molar”. For example a solution labeled as 1.5 M NH 3 is read as “1.5 molar ammonia solution”.

Sample Problem: Calculating Molarity

A solution is prepared by dissolving 42.23 g of NH 4 Cl into enough water to make 500.0 mL of solution. Calculate its molarity.

Step 1: List the known quantities and plan the problem.

& underline{text{Known}} &&underline{text{Unknown}} \& text{mass}=42.23 text{g} NH_4Cl && text{molarity}= ? text{ M}\& text{molar mass} NH_4Cl=53.50 text{g} / text{mol} \& text{volume solution}=500.0 text{mL}=0.5000 text{L}

The mass of the ammonium chloride is first converted to moles. Then the molarity is calculated by dividing by liters. Note the given volume has been converted to liters.

Step 2: Solve.

42.23 text{ g } NH_4Cl times frac{1 text{ mol } NH_4Cl}{53.50 text{ g } NH_4Cl} &= 0.7893 text{ mol } NH_4Cl\frac{0.7893 text{ mol } NH_4Cl}{0.5000 text{ L}} &= 1.579 text{ M}

Step 3: Think about your result.

The molarity is 1.579 M, meaning that a liter of the solution would contain 1.579 mol NH 4 Cl. Four significant figures are appropriate.

In a laboratory situation, a chemist must frequently prepare a given volume of solutions of a known molarity. The task is to calculate the mass of the solute that is necessary. The molarity equation can be rearranged to solve for moles, which can then be converted to grams. See sample problem 16.3.

Sample Problem:

A chemist needs to prepare 3.00 L of a 0.250 M solution of potassium permanganate (KMnO 4 ). What mass of KMnO 4 does she need to make the solution?

Step 1: List the known quantities and plan the problem.

Known

molarity = 0.250 M

volume = 3.00 L

molar mass KMnO 4 = 158.04 g/mol

Unknown

mass KMnO 4 = ? g

Moles of solute is calculated by multiplying molarity by liters. Then, moles is converted to grams.

Step 2: Solve.

text{mol KMnO}_4 = 0.250 text{ M KMnO}_4 times 3.00 text{ L} &= 0.750 text{ mol KMnO}_4\0.750 text{ mol KMnO}_4 times frac{158.04 text{ g KMnO}_4}{1 text{ mol KMnO}_4} &=119 text{ g KMnO}_4

Step 3: Think about your result.

When 119 g of potassium permanganate is dissolved into water to make 3.00 L of solution, the molarity is 0.250 M.

Answer:

La clorofila capta la energía luminosa del sol. (verdadero) La fotosíntesis degrada las sustancias orgánicas que nesecitas las células(falso)

Explanation:

La clorofila es la encargada de dar el pigmento de color verde en las plantas y la que transforma la energia luminica en energia quimica, es por eso que es verdadera.

La fotosintesis NO degrada las sustancias organicas, sino que transforma un sustrato inorganico en una fuente energetica organica para las plantas.

Esto se debe por que las plantas o vegetales son autonomas, es decir que se autoabastecen energeticamente sin necesidad de ingerir alimentos como en el caso de los mamiferos.

One of the method which is used to represent the concentration of a solution is the molarity. Here the molarity of a solution that contains 5.63 moles of lithium nitrate in 3.25 liters of solution is 1.732 mol/L.

The ratio of number of moles of the solute present per liter of the solution is defined as the molarity. The equation which is used to calculate the molarity of a solution is:

M = n₂/ V

Here n₂ is the number of moles of the solute and 'V' is the volume of the solution in liters.

There are different methods of expressing the concentration of a solution. Molality, Normality, etc. are some examples.

The molarity of a solution that contains 5.63 moles of lithium nitrate in 3.25 liters of solution is obtained as:

M = 5.63 mol/ 3.25 L = 1.732 mol/L

Thus the molarity is 1.732 mol/L.

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River water stored behind a dam is best described as a form of Potential Energy.

What is Potential energy?

Potential energy is refered to as energy that is stored – or conserved - in an object or substance. This stored energy is based on the position, arrangement or state of the object or substance. There are two types of potential energy namely:

The water or river behind a dam stores gravitational potential energy since it is at a higher level than the water on the other side of the dam.

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Explanation:

.........................

The percentage of volume of ethanol is 9.5%.

Volume/volume percentage (v/v% or percent v/v) is a unit used to express how much of a material is present in a solution. It is defined as the volume of the solute divided by the sum of the volumes of the solution, multiplied by one hundred. Examples: The average alcohol concentration (v/v%) of wine is 12 percent.

The formula used to get the volume of ethanol in percentages is

Percent of volume of ethanol = (volume of solute / total volume) *  100

Percent volume of Ethanol = (volume of ethanol  / total volume)  * 100

                                            =  95mL  / 1000mL  *  100

                                            = 9.5%

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Answer:

20 grams.

Explanation:

5 mols of a compound has a mass of 100 grams

1 mol of the same compound has a mass of 100/5 = 20 grams

1 mole of any gas occupies 22.4 L volume. The molecular weight of water is 18 grams. Thus 18 gram of Water will also occupy 22.4 L.We know that at STP one mole of any gas occupies 22.4litres . It means that one mole of hydrogen also occupies 22.4litres of volume at STP. So 10moles of hydrogen gas will occupy =22.4×10=224litres of volume at STP.

Control Experiment: Those experiment where a control is taken as a reference to notice the changes in same reaction in the presence of external stress.

Need for a control in a experiment: The control is required to analyse the effect of stress applied to reaction. For e.g. If there are two compounds AB and XY & they are undergoing displacement reaction to form AX & BY, But all sudden another salt let MN is added into the reaction then there are possibilities of formation of different products depending upon the reactivity of initial reactants and external compound. The product can be same as our Control i.e. AB & XY if MN remains inert in the reaction. That's why control is important to compare the results.

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The phenomenon known as vibrational motion occurs when molecules move in a way that resembles a "wiggle," and the "springs" that connect atoms move back and forth.

A molecular vibration is a periodic motion of the atoms of a molecule relative to one other. This motion occurs in such a way that the molecule's center of mass does not move during the vibration. When a molecule takes in the amount of energy, E, that is proportional to the frequency of molecular vibration, v, according to the equation E = hν, where h is Planck's constant, the vibration of the molecule is said to be excited.

When a quantum of energy like this is absorbed by a molecule in its ground state, it causes the molecule to experience a fundamental vibration. When numerous quanta are absorbed, an excitation of the first overtone, and perhaps higher overtones, occurs.

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8.022 is the value of pOH of the HNO₃ solution.

pOH of the HNO₃ solution can be calculated as:

pOH = -log [OH⁻], where

[OH⁻] = concentration of hydroxyl ion = 9. 50 × 10⁻⁹ M

Putting this value in the above equation, we get

pOH = -log ( 9. 50 × 10⁻⁹)

pOH = - (- 8.022) = 8.022

Hence, pOH of the HNO₃ solution is 8.022.

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Answer:

suffix -ide

Explanation:

The second element is named by taking the stem of the element name and adding the suffix -ide. A system of numerical prefixes is used to specify the number of atoms in a molecule

Answer:

The answer is 18.01528.

Explanation:

This compound is also known as Water or Dihydrogen Monoxide. The SI base unit for amount of substance is the mole.

Fatigue crack initiation typically occurs under dynamic cyclic loading conditions.

The correct option is:

a) Wear rate decreases by increasing the material hardness

Increasing the hardness of a material generally improves its resistance to wear.

Harder materials have better wear resistance because they can withstand greater forces and are less prone to surface deformation, abrasion, and material removal during sliding or rubbing contact.

The correct option is:

c) Dynamic cyclic load

Fatigue crack initiation typically occurs under dynamic cyclic loading conditions.

When a material is subjected to repeated loading and unloading cycles, especially with high-stress amplitudes, it can lead to the initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks over time.

The cyclic nature of the load induces progressive damage and eventual failure due to the accumulation of microstructural changes and crack growth.

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The longest wavelength of light capable of breaking a single I-I bond is approximately 787 nm (nanometers).

Energy is considered a quantitative property that can be transferred from an object to perform work.

The energy required to break a mole of I2 molecules is 151 kJ/mol. We can use this information to calculate the energy required to break a single I-I bond:

Energy required to break a single I-I bond = Energy required to break one mole of I2 molecules / Avogadro's number

Energy required to break a single I-I bond = 151 kJ/mol / 6.022 x 10^23 molecules/mol

Energy required to break a single I-I bond = 2.51 x 10^-19 J/bond

To calculate the longest wavelength of light capable of breaking a single I-I bond, we can use the equation:

E = hc/λ

Where

We want to find the wavelength of light that has an energy of 2.51 x 10^-19 J, so we can rearrange the equation as follows:

λ = hc/E

λ = (6.626 x 10^-34 J s) x (2.998 x 10^8 m/s) / (2.51 x 10^-19 J)

λ = 7.87 x 10^-7 m

Therefore, the longest wavelength of light capable of breaking a single I-I bond is approximately 787 nm (nanometers).

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The hydrogen deficiency index( HDI) of strigol is = 10

The hydrogen deficiency index is used to measure the number of degree of unsaturation of an organic compound.

Strigol is an example of an organic compound because it contains carbons and hydrogen.

To calculate the HDI using the molecular formula given (C19H20O6) the formula for HDI is used which is:

\(hdi = \frac{1}{2} (2c + 2 + n - h - x)\)

where C = number of carbon atoms = 19

n= number of nitrogen atoms = 0

h= number of hydrogen atoms = 20

X = number of halogen atoms = 0

Note that oxygen was not considered because it forms two bonds and has no impact.

There for HDI =

\( \frac{1}{2} (2 \times 19 + 2 + 0 - 20 - 0)\)

HDI=

\( \frac{1}{2} (40 - 20)\)

HDI =

\( \frac{1}{2} \times 20\)

HDI = 10

Therefore, the hydrogen deficiency index of strigol is = 10

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Almost all binary molecular compounds have names which end in the suffix “-ide”. Binary molecular compounds are formed from nonmetallic elements and they are composed of two atoms. The name of a binary molecular compound is based on the number of atoms present in the molecule.

Almost all binary molecular compounds have names which end in the suffix “-ide”. Binary molecular compounds are formed from nonmetallic elements and they are composed of two atoms. The name of a binary molecular compound is based on the number of atoms present in the molecule. The first element's name remains the same, while the second element's name changes its ending to "-ide".

For example:• CO is carbon monoxide• NO is nitrogen monoxide• ClF3 is chlorine trifluoride• SO2 is sulfur dioxide

The name of the first element appears first in the name of the compound, and the second element's name appears second in the name. In some cases, prefixes are used to indicate the number of atoms present in each element.

For example:• CO2 is carbon dioxide• N2O is dinitrogen monoxide

Molecular compounds are composed of two or more atoms that are joined together. The atoms in a molecular compound are held together by covalent bonds. In contrast to ionic compounds, molecular compounds are usually composed of two or more nonmetals.

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1. The kinetic energy and potential energy of both objects will be the same.

2. True. The acceleration due to gravity is different depending on the planet.

The kinetic energy of an object is energy due to the motion of the object.

K.E = ¹/₂ mv²

where;

The speed of the object at different heights is given as;

v = √2gh

for 5 m high;

v = √ (2 x 9.8x 5)

v = 9.9 m/s

for 10 m high;

v = √ (2 x 10 x 9.8)

v = 14 m/s

K.E for 5 m high;

K.E = ¹/₂ x 10 x 9.9²

K.E = 490 J

for 10 m high;

K.E = ¹/₂ x 5 x 14²

K.E = 490 J

2. The acceleration due to gravity is different depending on the planet.

This statement is true because, the value of acceleration due to gravity on Earth is 9.8 m/s² while that of Mars is 3.72 m/s², and so on.

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The complete question;

1. What has more kinetic energy, a 5 kg ball lifted 10 m high, or a 10 kg ball lifted 5 m high?

2. At the beginning of this assessment, you are told that all of the problems take place on earth.

The acceleration due to gravity is different depending on the planet, true or false?

Answer:

so your going to make a physical model on your own but i can help you with your summary paragraph so what you need to do for your summary paragraph is you need to talk about the model you made and what topic you chose form the three.

Explanation:

so what you need to do for this assignment you would need to chose between conservation of mass, atomic theory and thermal energy. you can only choose one because your going to create a drawing, or Two-dimensional (2-D) or three-dimensional (3-D) models or you can make a Simulations.

Based on that ratio, and assuming complete combustion, 1 pound of carbon combines with 2.667 pounds of oxygen to produce 3.667 pounds of carbon dioxide. For example, coal with a carbon content of 78 percent and a heating value of 14,000 Btu per pound emits about 204.3 pounds of carbon dioxide per million Btu when completely burned.

Explanation:

hope this helps

The osmotic concentration of a 10.0 mM MgCl2 solution is approximately 20.0 osmol/L.

Osmotic concentration refers to the concentration of osmotically active particles in a solution, which determines its osmotic pressure. To calculate the osmotic concentration of a solution, we need to consider the number of particles that contribute to the osmotic pressure.

In the case of MgCl2, it dissociates in water to produce three particles: one Mg2+ ion and two Cl- ions. Therefore, each mole of MgCl2 produces three osmotically active particles.

Given that the solution has a concentration of 10.0 mM (millimoles per liter) MgCl2, we can convert it to moles by dividing by 1000. So, 10.0 mM is equal to 0.010 moles per liter.

Since each mole of MgCl2 produces three osmotically active particles, we multiply the concentration by three to obtain the osmotic concentration. Therefore, the osmotic concentration of the 10.0 mM MgCl2 solution is approximately 0.010 moles/L × 3 = 0.030 osmol/L.

Finally, to convert osmol/L to milliosmoles per liter (mosmol/L), we multiply by 1000. Thus, the osmotic concentration of the 10.0 mM MgCl2 solution is approximately 0.030 osmol/L × 1000 = 30.0 mmol/L.

Therefore, the osmotic concentration of the 10.0 mM MgCl2 solution is approximately 30.0 mosmol/L, or simply 20.0 osmol/L (since osmol/L and mosmol/L represent the same unit of osmotic concentration).

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The correct answer is Boost in Activity depends on a high level of NADH and Significant phosphate content. Reduction in activity depends upon ADP concentration being low, Low oxygen concentration, and Significant variation in H+ throughout the mitochondrial membrane.

An electron transport chain (ETC) is a collection of protein complexes and other molecules that connect protons (H+ ions) through a membrane with the transfer of electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox processes (both reduction and oxidation occur simultaneously). a group of proteins in the mitochondria's inner membrane. The ETC receives its electrons from NADH and FADH2 through the cooperation of four big multisubunit enzyme complexes and two mobile electron carriers. The electron transport chain contains a large number of membrane-bound enzymes. An exergonic process is how electrons move via the electron transport chain. Adenosine triphosphate is synthesized as a result of an electrochemical proton gradient that is powered by the energy from the redox processes (ATP).

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Answer: 3 elements

Explanation:

They are

K for Potassium, C for Calcium and O for Oxygen

mass of Aluminum produced = = 2.647 kg

moles of Oxygen = 73.53 moles

Given

5.0 kg Al₂O₃

Required

moles of Oxygen

Solution

The aluminum oxide gets decompose into aluminum and oxygen gas.

Reaction :

2Al₂O₃(s)⇒ 4 Al(s) + 3O₂(g)

mol of Al₂O₃(MW=102 g/mol) :

= mass : MW

= 5000 g : 102 g/mol

= 49.02 moles

From the equation, mol ratio of Al₂O₃ : O₂ = 2 : 3, sol mol O₂ :

= 3/2 x mol Al₂O₃

= 3/2 x 49.02

= 73.53 moles

mol Al :

= 4/2 x mol Al₂O₃

= 2 x 49.02

= 98.04 moles

Mass Al :

= mol x Ar Al

= 98.04 x 27 g/mol

= 2647.08 g

= 2.647 kg

Answer: they have a net positive charge

Explanation:

The purpose of adding Na₂SO₄ (sodium sulfate) to water during electrolysis is to increase the conductivity of the water.

Deionized water, also known as pure water, has a low concentration of ions, which means it is a poor conductor of electricity. For effective electrolysis to occur, the presence of ions in the solution is necessary to allow the flow of electric current.

By adding Na₂SO₄, which dissociates into Na+ and SO4^2- ions when dissolved in water, the concentration of ions in the solution increases. These ions act as charge carriers, facilitating the movement of electric current between the electrodes during electrolysis.

In summary, Na₂SO₄ is added to deionized water to increase its conductivity by introducing ions into the solution, thereby enabling efficient electrolysis.

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hmmm water

Explanation:

Water can change if you put food coloring

in it

Answer:

Explanation:

The density of a substance can be found by using the formula

\(density = \frac{mass}{volume} \\ \)

From the question we have

\(density = \frac{12}{6} \\ \)

We have the final answer as

Hope this helps you

In any chemical reaction, the mass of the products must equal the mass of the reactants. The mass of product B is the same as the combined mass of Reactant A and H₂O.

Answer:

sh5barch shougi

Explanation: