Which is the role of restriction enzymes?
to isolate the selected gene
to cut DNA into fragments of different lengths
to move and separate the strands of DNA
to join the sticky ends of DNA fragments
Answers
Answer:
to cut DNA into fragments of different lengths
Explanation:
A restriction enzyme is a protein that recognizes a specific, short nucleotide sequence and cuts the DNA only at that specific site, which is known as restriction site or target sequence.
More than 400 restriction enzymes have been isolated from the bacteria that manufacture them. In live bacteria, restriction enzymes function to defend the cell against invading viral bacteriophages. Restrictions sites in the viral genome (a "happy accident" of nature, as far as the bacteria are concerned, since they don't appear to have any specific function in the virus) are cleaved by the bacterium's restriction enzymes, fragmenting and destroying the DNA of invading bacteriophages before it can incorporate into the host's genome and take over the cell.
A bacterium is immune to its own restriction enzymes, even if it has the target sequences ordinarily targeted by them. This is because the bacterial restriction sites are highly methylated, making them unrecognizable to the restriction enzyme.
Isn't evolution fantastic?
The correct answer is option C i.e. to cut DNA into fragments of different lengths.
what is restriction enzyme?A restriction enzyme is a bacterial protein that cleaves DNA sequences at sequence-specific places, resulting in DNA fragments with known sequences on both ends.
Certain laboratory processes, such as recombinant DNA technology and genetic engineering, require the use of restriction enzymes.
There are four different types of restriction enzymes: type I, II, III, and IV, which differ principally in structure, cleavage site, specificity, and cofactors.
Both restriction and methylase functions are carried out by a single big enzyme complex in Types I and III enzymes.
The restriction enzyme is independent of its methylase in the Type II system.
Several thousand type II restriction enzymes have been identified from a variety of bacterial species.
These enzymes recognize a few hundred distinct sequences, generally four to eight bases in length.
Type III restriction enzymes are a group of endonucleases that recognize a non-pallindromic sequence, comprising two inversely oriented sites.
Type IV restriction enzymes cleave only methylated DNA and show weak sequence specificity.
hence, the correct answer is option B.
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Related Questions
gluconeogenesis is the reverse of glycolysis - except for steps (how many steps are different)? group of answer choices 2 3 4 5 1
Answers
Gluconeogenesis is the reverse of glycolysis - except for steps. The correct answer is: 3
Gluconeogenesis is the process of producing glucose from non-carbohydrate sources. It is also called the reverse process of glycolysis. In both processes, they share similar pathways and intermediates. Although, there are some differences in the pathways of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.
The differences are listed below:
The steps of gluconeogenesis that are not the same as glycolysis are as follows:
Pyruvate carboxylase converts pyruvate to oxaloacetate in the mitochondria.
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) converts oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate in the cytoplasm.
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase removes the phosphate group from fructose-1,6-bisphosphate and produces fructose-6-phosphate. The other nine steps are the same as those found in glycolysis.
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What structures do all organisms have in common in the earliest stages of embryonic development
Answers
The early stages of embryonic development begin with fertilization. The process of fertilization is tightly controlled to ensure that only one sperm fuses with one egg. After fertilization, the zygote undergoes cleavage to form the blastula.
The formation of a zygote after fertilization and undifferentiated cell are common features during the earliest stages of embryo development.
In vertebrates, fertilization is the process by which two geminal cells fuse to form a zygote, which will develop into an adult organism.The cells are all in an undifferentiated state during the earliest stages of embryonic development.After this process, the cells begin to differentiate to form a defined structure known as gastrula.In conclusion, the formation of a zygote after fertilization and undifferentiated cell are common features during the earliest stages of embryo development.
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explain how the structure of a chloroplast (its membranes and thylakoids) makes its function (the chemical reactions of photosynthesis) more efficient.
Answers
Answer:
These internal membranes stack on top of each other, just like a stack of pancakes.
The structure of a chloroplast, specifically its membranes and thylakoids, makes its function, the chemical reactions of photosynthesis, more efficient because it provides a large surface area for the reactions to occur on and a way to organize the reactions in a sequence that allows the products of one reaction to be used immediately in the next reaction.
The membranes of a chloroplast are made up of two layers of phospholipid molecules, which form a lipid bilayer. This structure provides a large surface area for the chemical reactions of photosynthesis to occur on. The thylakoids, which are stacks of membrane-bound compartments, increase the surface area even further.
In addition, the structure of the thylakoids allows the reactions of photosynthesis to be organized in a sequence that allows the products of one reaction to be used immediately in the next reaction. The thylakoids are arranged in stacks called grana, which are interconnected by strands of thylakoid membrane called stroma lamellae. The thylakoid membranes within a granum are organized into discrete units called photosystems, which are the sites of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. The thylakoid membranes within the stroma lamellae are the site of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis. This organization allows the products of the light-dependent reactions, which are carried out in the thylakoid membranes of the grana, to be used immediately in the light-independent reactions, which take place in the thylakoid membranes of the stroma lamellae.
Overall, the structure of a chloroplast, with its membranes and thylakoids, provides a large surface area for the reactions of photosynthesis to occur on and a way to organize the reactions in a sequence that allows the products of one reaction to be used immediately in the next reaction. This makes the function of the chloroplast, photosynthesis, more efficient.
If
there were suddenly no sunlight
reaching Earth, how would this
affect the ability of plants to
produce carbohydrates?
Answers
As we know that plant needs sunlight for performing the process of photosynthesis and by the process of photosynthesis produce food and if there is no sunlight than plant will not be able to produce sunlight and this will affect the ability of plant to produce carbohydrate.
What is photosynthesis?
Green plants contain chlorophyll and they prepare there own food in the presence of sunlight and the process is known as photosynthesis. In the process of photosynthesis light energy converted into chemical energy.
Carbohydrates is defied as that contains biomolecule that contains carbon hydrogen and oxygen in a ratio of 2:1. Carbohydrates are mane source of energy of the body they work as fuel for the brain, kidneys central nervous system and heart muscle.
\(Cn(H2O)n\)is the basic formula for all carbohydrates . But this formula have limitation i.e it applies where same amount of carbon and water are use.Initially the terms carbohydrate was used to describe compounds that have really contains carbohydrates. Because they had simple formula\(CH20.\)
Therefore, As we know that plant needs sunlight for performing the process of photosynthesis and by the process of photosynthesis produce food and if there is no sunlight than plant will not be able to produce sunlight and this will affect the ability of plant to produce carbohydrate.
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4. Chromosomes are tightly coiled strands of DNA structures that exist in
pairs. Why do they exist in pairs?
Answers
Answer:
A - Because we inherit traits from both parents
Explanation:
We do not need 2 to hold all the DNA - as long as we have enough chromosomes, the pairing is not relevant.
which genome manipulation technique would you use to create a mouse model for the human disease leber congenital amaurosis (lca), described at the very beginning of the chapter? explain.
Answers
Because LCA is related to loss of RPE65 gene function, a mouse knockout might be utilized to construct a model for LCA.
Basic techniques used in genetic material manipulation include extraction, gel electrophoresis, PCR, and blotting methods.
Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is an uncommon form of genetic eye illness that causes significant vision loss at birth. It is the most frequent cause of hereditary blindness in children, and is present in two to three out of every 100,000 infants. Both the central cone cells, which are in charge of fine detail and color vision, and the peripheral rod cells, which allow you to see at night, are impacted by LCA.
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cells spend 90% of their time in this phase of the cell cycle.
Answers
Answer:
the interphase
Explanation:
What is the purpose of cellular respiration?
Breathe out CO2
O Make ATP
O Breathe in O2
O Make protein
Answers
Answer:
B. Make ATP
Explanation:
"The ultimate goal of cellular respiration is take carbohydrates, disassemble them into glucose molecules, and then use this glucose to produce energy-rich ATP molecules."
what is needed that cannot be measured other than reactants for photosynthesis
Answers
Other than the reactants needed for Photosynthesis, water is needed that can not be measured.
Photosynthesis is a cycle employed by shops and different brutes to change over light energy into emulsion energy that, through cell breath, can latterly be delivered to fuel the organic reality's exercises.
In the presence of sun, shops use photosynthesis to produce organic composites like glucose from inorganic composites like CO₂ and H₂O. Changes in the quantities of photosynthesis's inputs( CO₂) or labors( O₂ or glucose) can be used to measure the rate of photosynthesis.
Because it's involved in a number of essential processes other than photosynthesis( similar as the responses of condensation and hydrolysis), water can not be measured. The primary function of photosynthesis is to transfigure solar radiation into chemical energy that can be used to produce food.
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Which statement
correct
Lava exist below the Earth's surface while
magma erupts form the Earth.
Magma exist below the Earth's surface while
lava erupts form the Earth.
help
Answers
illustrated in this photograph is the surface of a 5% sheep blood agar plate on which are growing colonies of yellow-pigmented staphylococcus species. note the tiny semi-translucent colonies that satellite around some of the colonies. pleomorphic gram-negative bacilli were seen on gram stain. the most likely identification is:
Answers
The most likely identification of the microorganism based on the provided information is Haemophilus influenzae.
The presence of yellow-pigmented colonies on the surface of a sheep blood agar plate suggests the growth of Staphylococcus species. Additionally, the observation of tiny semi-translucent colonies that satellite around some of the colonies indicates the presence of satellite growth, which is a characteristic of Haemophilus influenzae.
The presence of pleomorphic gram-negative bacilli on Gram stain further supports this identification. Haemophilus influenzae is a gram-negative bacterium known to exhibit satellite growth around colonies of other bacteria on agar plates. Its pleomorphic nature and gram-negative characteristics align with the observations made in this case.
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In a typical, mature, dividing mammalian cell, what proportion of the cell cycles is taken by mitosis?.
Answers
Answer: a very small fraction
Explanation:
what prevents small particles from entering the lung cavity?
Answers
Answer:
Cilia
Explanation:
Cilia propel a liquid layer of mucus that covers the airways. The mucus layer traps pathogens (potentially infectious microorganisms) and other particles, preventing them from reaching the lungs.
A comparison of sexual and asexual reproduction is made by a group of students. Which statements accurately
support the argument that sexual reproduction is advantageous over asexual reproduction in many species? Select
all that apply.
A)
Sexual reproduction leads to greater mutation rate than asexual
reproduction
B)
C)
Sexual reproduction has a greater level of cell division than
asexual reproduction.
Sexual reproduction produces greater numbers of offspring than
asexual reproduction.
Sexual reproduction involves two parents which contribute
equally to the offspring's genetics.
Sexual reproduction involves meiosis and fertilization which
leads to increased genetic variation in the offspring.
D)
E)
Heredity and Reproduction
Answers
Answer:
D and E
Explanation:
Because two parents are involved, the rate of reproduction is lower in sexual reproduction, but it is beneficial to have increased genetic diversity in the offspring since the level of adaptations in phenotypes will be higher.
Hope it helped
The statements which accurately support the argument that procreation is advantageous over propagation in many species are given below:
Procreation involves two parents which contribute equally to the offspring's genetics.Procreation involves meiosis and fertilization which leads to increased genetic variation in the offspring.What do you mean by Species?Species may be defined as a group of organisms that can reproduce naturally with one another and create fertile offspring.
Due to the involvement of two parents, procreation increases the genetic diversity among organisms.
In procreation, clutch size is low but parental care is high. It means that this type of reproduction does not produce a large number of offspring.
Therefore, it is well described above.
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I will give 50 points PLEASE HURRY
Click the links to open the resources below. These resources will help you complete the assignment. Once you have created your file(s) and are ready to upload your assignment, click the Add Files button below and select each file from your desktop or network folder. Upload each file separately.
Answers
Answer:
thats only 5.
Explanation:
Compare and contrast the energy needs of plant and animal cells.
Answers
Answer:animal cells need more
Explanation:due to constant movement
Which of the following statements is not an example of evolution that has resulted from human activity? Group of answer choices Some insect species are now resistant to pesticides. Many strains of bacteria are now resistant to some commonly used antibiotics. Like certain other crops, domesticated strawberries are larger than wild strawberries. Because of hunting, organisms such as bears and wolves are fewer in number.
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer is - Because of hunting, organisms such as bears and wolves are fewer in number.
Explanation:
Evolution is the change in the characteristics or traits of the species that are developed over several generations by the process called natural selection. Natural selection is the process of transferring the genes or traits that help in the survival of organisms.
Among the given statements all the are the example of the evolution that is resulted from human activity except the extinction or fewer the bears and wolves due to hunting. Other examples are showing evolution as they developed characteristics over generations.
The estimated percentage of cancers that are due to poor diet and lifestyle habits is approximately Group of answer choices3/41/21/31/4
Answers
Solution:
A large body of literature indicates that 30% to 40% of all cancer cases are related to poor dietary or lifestyle habits.
That is equivalent to 1/3.
So that the correct answer is:
1/3
Which of the following statements about hormones is incorrect?
they are produced by glands such as the thyroid
they travel to different areas of the body
they are carried by the blood
they are used to communicate between different individuals
they elicit specific biological responses from target cells
Answers
The incorrect statement about hormones is that they are used to communicate between different individuals.
hormones are chemical messengers produced by glands in the endocrine system. They are released into the bloodstream and travel to target cells or organs in the body. Hormones play a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes, including growth, metabolism, reproduction, and mood.
One of the statements about hormones is incorrect:
They are used to communicate between different individuals. This statement is incorrect. Hormones primarily function within an individual's body to regulate physiological processes. However, some hormones, known as pheromones, can be used to communicate between individuals of the same species.They are produced by glands such as the thyroid. This statement is correct. Glands like the thyroid gland produce hormones.They travel to different areas of the body. This statement is correct. Hormones are released into the bloodstream and can reach various target cells or organs.They are carried by the blood. This statement is correct. Hormones are transported through the bloodstream.They elicit specific biological responses from target cells. This statement is correct. Hormones bind to specific receptors on target cells, triggering specific responses.Learn more:About hormones here:
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The incorrect statement among the options provided is: "They are used to communicate between different individuals."
Hormones are chemical messengers produced by glands, such as the thyroid, and they play a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes in the body. They are responsible for maintaining homeostasis and coordinating the functions of different organs and tissues. Hormones travel through the bloodstream to reach their target cells or tissues, where they elicit specific biological responses.
While hormones facilitate communication within an individual's body, they are not typically involved in communication between different individuals. Instead, communication between individuals is primarily achieved through other means, such as verbal and nonverbal communication, including speech, gestures, facial expressions, and body language.
Hormones, on the other hand, function as internal messengers within an individual's body, coordinating processes like growth, metabolism, reproduction, and response to stress. They are carried by the blood and travel to their target cells, where they bind to specific receptors, initiating cellular responses and influencing the functioning of various organs and systems.
In summary, hormones are produced by glands, travel through the bloodstream, and elicit specific responses from target cells. However, they are not involved in direct communication between different individuals.
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You are studying nuclear lamins and use recombinant DNA technology to alter the coding sequence of a nuclear lamin gene. The alteration you make creates a situation such that the gene now codes for a nuclear lamin protein that can no longer be phosphorylated when the nuclear envelope is broken down during mitosis. What do you predict would happen if the cell only had the altered nuclear lamin gene (and not the unaltered version)
Answers
Answer:
Nuclear lamins will no longer disassemble during mitosis
Explanation:
The nuclear lamina is a fibrillar network inside the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, between the inner nuclear membrane and the peripheral chromatin. Nuclear lamins (also called simply lamin proteins) are intermediate filament-type proteins and represent the major building blocks of the nuclear lamina. During mitosis, the nuclear lamina is disassembled by hyperphosphorylation of nuclear lamins and lamina-associated proteins. The protein responsible for phosphorylating nuclear lamins is p34cdc2, a protein kinase that has a key role in controlling cell cycle progression. In consequence, a mutant form of the nuclear lamin proteins that cannot be phosphorylated will no longer be able to disassemble during mitosis.
.............................que es la salud?
Answers
In order to sleep, insects enter a state of __________. a. hibernation b. insomnia c. stupor d. torpor
Answers
how wide is a mouses skin cell
Answers
Answer:
15,00
Explanation:
the patch size was estimated to be 15,000 cells
Describe the role photosynthesis plays in the cycling of matter and energy into and out of organisms.
Answers
Which feature is most important when identifying a species under a microscope view?.
Answers
While the modern microscope has many parts, the most important pieces are its lenses. It is through the microscope's lenses that the image of an object can be magnified and observed in detail!
:)
How does cohesion cause surface tension to occur?
Answers
Answer:
The cohesive forces between liquid molecules are responsible for the phenomenon known as surface tension. The molecules at the surface do not have other like molecules on all sides of them and consequently they cohere more strongly to those directly associated with them on the surface.
Explanation:
Which of the following describes the most likely way in which two water molecules will interact?
A. A covalent bond will form between the hydrogen of one water molecule and the oxygen of the other water molecule.
B. An ionic bond will form between the oxygens in each water molecule.
C. A metallic bond will form between the hydrogens in each water molecule.
D. A hydrogen bond will form between the hydrogen atom of one water molecule and the oxygen atom of the other water molecule.
Answers
Answer:
D. A hydrogen bond will form between the hydrogen atom of one water molecule and the oxygen atom of the other water molecule.
Explanation:
The most likely way in which two water molecules will interact is a hydrogen bond will form between the hydrogen atom of one water molecule and the oxygen atom of the other water molecule. Therefore, option (D) is the required answer.
Nitrogen is a very important element in biology what are some of the reasons that organisms need nitrogen
Answers
Some of the reasons living organisms need nitrogen are as follows: The production of amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids.
How is nitrogen biologically important?Nitrogen is one of the macronutrients required by living organisms such as plants.
Nitrogen is essential for plant development, since it plays a fundamental role in energy metabolism and protein synthesis.
Nitrogen is essential for all living things because it is a major part of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins and of nucleic acids such as DNA, which transfers genetic information to subsequent generations of organisms.
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which molecule acts on brain centers to decrease appetite in mamnmals and other vertebrates
Answers
The molecule that acts on brain centers to decrease appetite in mammals and other vertebrates is called leptin.
Leptin is a molecule that acts on brain centers to decrease appetite in mammals and other vertebrates. It is produced by adipose tissue and regulates energy balance by inhibiting hunger signals and stimulating energy expenditure. When the body's fat stores increase, leptin levels increase, which signals the hypothalamus to decrease appetite and increase metabolism. This feedback loop helps maintain a stable body weight by balancing energy intake and expenditure.
Leptin acts on specific receptors in the hypothalamus, particularly in the arcuate nucleus, to regulate appetite and metabolism. It also influences the release of other hormones involved in regulating energy balance, such as ghrelin, which stimulates appetite, and insulin, which regulates glucose metabolism.
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25. DNA serves as a template for the synthesis of
1) messenger RNA
2) cellulose
3) starches
4) lipids