Which conditions are possible reasons for declining genetic diversity of a species?
loss of habitat
inbreeding
environmental changes
widespread distribution

Answer:

subunit composition

Explanation:

SDS is a detergent that denaturalizes the protein and sets a relation charge size, such as that the motion of the protein in the gel is proportional to its weight. However, the detergent can not disrupt disulfide bridges, so these bonds remain together. The bigger the protein is, the stronger interaction with the polyacrylamide gel there will be. The speed of displacement in the electromagnetic field is inversely proportional to the protein size.

 On the other hand, b-mercaptoethanol acts as a reductive agent, breaking disulfide bonds. This chemical produces a complete denaturalization resulting in the unfolded protein. If disulfide bridges kept two protein subunits together, the b-mercaptoethanol separates them.

So, the most important data we need to consider here is that SDS can not disrupt disulfide bridges, while b-mercaptoethanol can.

Available data:

SDS

180 + 160 + 60 = 400 kDa

SDS + b-mercaptoethanol

160 + 90 + 60 = 310 kDa

The difference between them is 400 - 310 = 90 kDa, meaning that there is a subunit of 90 kDa that is not being detected by SDS alone.

From both measures ( SDS and SDS/b-mercaptoethanol) we can assume that subunits 160 kDa and 90kDa are the same. So the difference is in the left subunit ⇒ 180 and 90, respectively.

180 - 90 = 90 kDa

We can assume that the 180 kDa subunit is composed of two 90 kDa subunits joined by a disulfide bridge. SDS alone could not disrupt this bond, so it detected a unit of 180kDa. b-mercaptoethanol detected this bond and broke it, generating two 90 kDa units, which migrated together in the gel, so they were expressed as the same band.

This difference suggests that the protein is formed of 4 subunits. One of them is 160 kDa, another one is 90 kDa, and the last two subunits are 90 kDa each.

The wing of a bald eagle is homologous to the wing of a penguin. Homologous structures are structures that are of similar evolutionary origin.

Homologous structures are  described as anatomical features found in different species that have a common evolutionary origin. These structures may have different functions in different organisms, but they share a similar underlying structure and can be traced back to a common ancestor.

The wing of a bald eagle and the wing of a penguin are considered homologous structures because they both evolved from a common ancestral structure, even though they serve different purposes  which is flight in the case of the bald eagle and swimming in the case of the penguin.

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Energy flow occurs by means of the food chain and the food web. Throughout this procedure, plants in the ecosystem, soak up solar energy (aka sunlight) through what we call chloroplasts. During this process, part of it is turned into chemical energy in the process of photosynthesis.

A chloroplast is an organelle within the cells of plants where photosynthesis occurs. This process in broad terms, is where solar energy is transformed into chemical energy.

The process of Photosynthesis  is where plants convert solar energy, water, and carbon dioxide to produce "food" and oxygen in the form of sugar.

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2.

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The answers include the following:

This is referred to as the total number of organisms which are present in an area over a given period of time.

In a situation whereby some asian shrimp fell into the water then it means an increase in competition. Since therefore leads to the reduction in the freshwater species in the lake, like fish and mollusks and the aquatic plant life because it serves as their predator and it has none which is therefore the reason why it was chosen as the correct choice.

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The hypothesis is; Increasing the concentration of fertilizer will lead to an increase in plant growth.

The variables to be tested are; concentration of fertilizer and plant growth.

A hypothesis is a speculative claim or explanation put forth based on scant data and used as a springboard for additional research or trial. It is an educated guess or testable prediction regarding the correlation between two variables or phenomena.

By manipulating the concentration of fertilizer as the independent variable and measuring the resulting plant growth as the dependent variable, we can test the hypothesis and determine if there is a correlation between fertilizer concentration and plant growth.

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For an organism that has 18 chromosomes in its body cells and its sex cells have 9 chromosomes, the correct statement is C, Its sex cells are haploid and a result of meiosis.

Haploid cells have half the number of chromosomes as diploid cells. Mitosis is a type of cell division that produces two identical daughter cells. Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

In the organism described, the body cells are diploid (18 chromosomes) and the sex cells are haploid (9 chromosomes). This is because the sex cells are produced by meiosis, which is a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes by half. This allows the sex cells to combine with each other to form a new diploid cell, which is the beginning of a new organism.

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Complete question:

An organism has 18 chromosomes in its body cells. Its sex cells have 9 chromosomes.

Which statement correctly explains this?

Its body cells are haploid and a result of mitosis.

Its sex cells are diploid and a result of mitosis.

Its sex cells are haploid and a result of meiosis.

Its body cells are diploid and a result of meiosis.

(1/30) × (1/300) × 1/4 = 2.77 × 10⁻⁵,Chance of mom being a carrier × Chance of dad being a carrier × Chance of having an affected child if both parents are carriers), In the general population, 1 in 300 individuals is a carrier for Tay-Sachs disease, while 1 in 30 individuals of Ashkenazi Jew descent are carriers

Tay-Sachs disease is a rare genetic ailment that is inherited from both parents. It is brought on by the lack of an enzyme that aids in the breakdown of fatty materials. These fatty compounds, known as gangliosides, accumulate to toxic amounts in the brain and spinal cord and impair the nerve cells' ability to function. By the age of 3 to 5 years, the illness is typically deadly, frequently as a result of complications from a lung infection (pneumonia). Juvenile Tay-Sachs disease and other uncommon forms of the disease first manifest in early adulthood or later in childhood (late-onset Tay-Sachs disease).

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The given statement " Algae indeed produce energy-rich carbon compounds through photosynthesis". is True because  Photosynthesis is a vital process that occurs in the chloroplasts of algae cells.

During photosynthesis, algae capture light energy using pigments like chlorophyll and convert it into chemical energy. They utilize this energy to break down water molecules, releasing oxygen as a byproduct, and incorporating carbon dioxide from the surrounding environment. Through a series of enzymatic reactions, algae synthesize glucose, a high-energy carbon compound.

Glucose serves as a primary source of energy for algae, enabling them to carry out essential metabolic processes and sustain their growth. Additionally, algae can convert excess glucose into other energy-rich carbon compounds, such as lipids and starches, which serve as energy storage molecules. These compounds can be used during periods of limited sunlight or nutrient availability.

Overall, algae's ability to generate energy-rich carbon compounds through photosynthesis makes them an important component of aquatic ecosystems and potential sources for renewable energy production and biofuel development.

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answer and explanation

The dodo bird likely evolved through divergent evolution from flightless African Penguins, through time they became stranded on the predator free Island. Through hunting and the introduction of invasive species by sailors caused their extinction.

Answer:

Bioluminescence

Explanation:

Bioluminescence is when a living organism produces light(algae,starfish,sqid ex.),which means that this will be the answer to our question :)

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The description you have given is of human nails. Nails are made up of hard, keratinized cells and grow from a nail root located under the cuticle. They protect the distal portions of the digits (fingers and toes), enhance precise movement of the digits, and aid in picking up objects. Nails also serve cosmetic purposes and can be decorated or painted in various ways.

Answer:

False. Genetic diversity tends to increase as the number of different species in an area increases. This is because diverse habitats support a wider range of ecological niches, which in turn support a greater variety of species and genetic diversity within those species. However, it's worth noting that other factors such as habitat fragmentation, invasive species, and climate change can also affect genetic diversity in complex ways.

Explanation:

The concept that makes it legally right to reproduce a substantial portion of the works of another person with permission is Copyright. Option A

The concept of copyright grants the creator of an original work the sole rights to its use and distribution, usually for a limited time, with the intent of enabling the creator to receive compensation for their intellectual effort.

When someone else wishes to reproduce a substantial portion of those works, they must usually get permission from the copyright holder.

This permission can take the form of a license or contract that outlin the tems under which the work can be used.

The above answer is in response to the full question below;

Which of the following concepts makes it legally right to reproduce a substantial portion of the works of another person with permission?​

A. Copyright

B. Fair use

C. Freedom of information

D. Intellectual freedom

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Answer:

It is a series of processes for waters because it break down organic substances in water so that it will not result or cause pollution when water is released into the environment.

Explanation:

Bio remediation is a natural process in which microorganisms is use to clean and treat contaminated water, soil and surface. This process ensure the growth of microorganisms that feed on the contaminants present in the such contaminated media. It can be use to kill oil souls and other contaminated media. It is use as series of process in water so as to break down organic substances or contaminants in water so that it will not cause pollution when the water is released.

Answer:

Option C

Explanation:

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The posterior thoracic mediastinum contains the descending aorta. A)Thoracic duct is found in posterior mediastinum. So, correct option is A.

The posterior Mediastinum is a sporadic three-sided space running lined up with the vertebral segment. The most striking blood vessel branches in this district are the proximal bits of the intercostal courses. It is limited in front by the pericardium above, and by the back surface of the stomach beneath, behind by the vertebral section from the lower boundary of the fourth to the twelfth thoracic vertebra, and on one or the other side by the mediastinal pleura.

It contains the thoracic piece of the dropping aorta, the azygos and the two hemiazygos veins, the vagus and splanchnic nerves, the throat, the thoracic pipe, and some lymph organs.

Hence, correct option is A.

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(Complete question) is:

which of the following is found in the posterior mediastinum? group of answer choices

a)thoracic duct

b)heart right lymphatic duct

c)primary bronchi

d)thymus

The following four elements are essential for gas diffusion into the alveoli:

Pulmonary fibrosis is an illustration of a disease state that might develop when one of these important components is altered. Scarring causes the alveolar-capillary membrane to thicken in this disease, which affects gas exchange. Hence, individuals with pulmonary fibrosis may have breathing problems and shortness of breath, especially after exercise like climbing stairs.

In order to maintain ventilation, the chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies would be in charge of the patient.

As a result of  the high pressure of the compressed air used in scuba diving, nitrogen is only found in the blood during deep sea diving. The nitrogen in the compressed air dissolves into the bloodstream when a person dives deep underwater because of the increased pressure.

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Answer:

Mitosis is a process where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells (cell division). During mitosis one cell? divides once to form two identical cells. The major purpose of mitosis is for growth and to replace worn out cells.

Answer:

the nucleus divides into two identical nuclei

Explanation:

Based on the observation from the termite experiment I think the sample size number of individuals in a study is important.

Sample size determined is a act of choosing the number of observation in a statistical sample.

so in this question they asked best on your observation from the termite experiments. Do you think sample size? There are any number of individuals- organism that in a story is the  important, explained  were answered by providing 2 reasons as because as it is  because you want to make the  you want to make   sure that there are enough to the  know organisms to gather of data from data from your want 1 to be the Control by  variable you want to be there are controlled variable.

Another reason it matters is  that is  not all organisms, by  all the organisms are there same, are the same of and do not always by and not as the  at. In the same way, too  therefore, the data you are  collect- the data ucalyte will be not be the same,  that is the reaction that d to the fact that they're do not all react. Do not all react. The same way.

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The grey matter includes neural cells, dendrites, and axon terminals, whilst white count number consists of axons and myelin.

The white rely takes place in both the brain and spinal wire. but, gray be counted is a large part of the mind. the main difference among white rely and grey rely is that white count number mainly incorporates myelinated axons and gray matter specifically consists of cells, axon terminals, and dendrites.

Gray be counted is a grey area across the critical anxious machine of the CNS. A combination of neuron bodies of interneurons and motor neurons and neuroglia. Synapses from grey matter. White depend does not incorporate the bodies of neuron cells however millions of axons and neuroglia.

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The biuret test is used to detect the presence of proteins in a sample. Biuret reagent is added to the sample, and if proteins are present, the copper ions in the reagent will bind to the peptide bonds in the protein, causing the solution to turn from blue to purple. The intensity of the color change is proportional to the amount of protein present in the sample.

Benedict's test is used to detect the presence of reducing sugars, such as glucose and fructose, in a sample. To perform the test, the sample is mixed with Benedict's reagent and heated in a water bath. If reducing sugars are present, the solution will change from blue to green, yellow, orange, or red, depending on the concentration of reducing sugars.

The iodine test is used to detect the presence of starch in a sample. Iodine is added to the sample, and if starch is present, the iodine will bind to the starch molecules, forming a blue-black color.

The Sudan test is used to detect the presence of lipids or fats in a sample. Sudan III or Sudan IV dye is added to the sample, and if lipids are present, the dye will bind to the lipids, causing them to appear as red droplets in the sample.

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Answer:

a. protects the environment.

Explanation:

Using water efficiently means using it wisely and not wasting it. When we use water more efficiently, we reduce the amount of water we consume, which helps to conserve water resources. This is important because water is a limited resource, and by using it efficiently, we can ensure enough water is available for future generations.

By using water more efficiently, we can also protect the environment. Water is essential for many ecosystems and habitats, and by conserving water, we can help maintain the balance of these ecosystems. Additionally, using water efficiently can reduce the need for energy-intensive water treatment and distribution processes, which can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate climate change.

So, using water more efficiently helps protect the environment but also helps conserve water resources for the future.

The statement accurately summarizes a difference between ribonucleotides and deoxyribonucleotides is c) Ribonucleotides have a hydroxyl group bonded to their 2' carbon; deoxyribonucleotides have an H at the same location.

Nucleic acid is the genetic material found in the cell nucleus that functions to carry genetic information and control cell activity. There are two types of nucleic acids, namely RNA or ribonucleic acid and DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid.

DNA is a type of nucleic acid consisting of two long strands twisted together to form a double helix like a twisted ladder. DNA contains deoxyribose sugar and deoxyribonucleotides have H in the same location. While RNA is a type of nucleic acid with riba sugar where the number 2 carbon binds to the hydroxyl group. RNA consists of a short mucleotide chain or single helix.

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Answer:

They have more of the Macro nutrients Fat and Protein

Explanation:

Protein and Fat amd Carbs make the three macros

answer:

Rocks are classified according to characteristics such as mineral and chemical composition, permeability, texture of the constituent particles, and particle size. These physical properties are the result of the processes that formed the rocks.

The characteristic that is present in all rocks is they are all made of one or more minerals. The correct option is D.

Rocks on the big stones are made up of an accumulation of small stones and San materials. They are made up of one or more minerals that join together.

There are different types of rocks that are differentiated by the process of their formation. The types of rocks are igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks, and metamorphic rocks.

Now, sedimentary rocks are formed by the deposit of minerals and other materials. Metamorphic rocks are formed when the pressure and heat from the Earth turned igneous rocks into other rocks and that is called metamorphic rock.

Igneous rocks are formed by the cooling down of hot Lava and Magma that comes out of volcanoes.

Thus, the correct option is D) They are all made of one or more minerals.

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Answer:

Extreme heat events can be dangerous to health – even fatal. These events result in increased hospital admissions for heat- related illness, as well as cardiovascular and respiratory disorders. Extreme heat events can trigger a variety of heat stress conditions, such as heat stroke.

Explanation:

A substance requires energy to move across a membrane when it moves from (C) Low concentration to High concentration

The process of moving a substance across the cell membrane from high to low concentration is known as passive transport, which does not require energy. Active transport, on the other hand, is the process of moving a substance from low to high concentration, which requires energy.

The movement of molecules against their concentration gradient (low to high concentration) requires an energy source, which is usually in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). Low concentration to High concentration. During active transport, the substance moves against its concentration gradient, which means it moves from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration.

This process requires energy, which is provided by ATP. Active transport is responsible for the uptake of nutrients, such as glucose and amino acids, in cells. The process of active transport is crucial in maintaining the proper concentration of ions in cells. Additionally, active transport is essential for maintaining the pH of cells and the function of enzymes. Overall, active transport is an energy-intensive process that is vital for cellular homeostasis and function. The correct answer is C.

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Innate immune system is the first line of defense against the germs which enters a human body. These are natural killer cells known as Neutrophils.

The correct answer to question 1 is D. Neutrophils.

Bacteria are considered as immune evasion micro organisms. The can subvert the natural killer cells of human immune system by preventing host cells from producing MHC I

The phenotype will be Toxin concentrations that build up in the periplasm. Type II secretion system is found in various negative bacteria which transport proteins from periplasm to outside the cell.

The correct answer is A.Toxin concentrations will build up in the periplasm

CoV-2 generates antibodies known as IgM which is most useful for determining the infection.

The correct answer is A. IgM

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