which action could help a biologist determine whether a particular plant population had been attacked by a bacterial pathogen in the recent past?

Try this class experiment to detect the presence of enzymes as they catalyse the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide

Enzymes are biological catalysts which increase the speed of a chemical reaction. They are large protein molecules and are very specific to certain reactions. Hydrogen peroxide decomposes slowly in light to produce oxygen and water. The enzyme catalase can speed up (catalyse) this reaction.

In this practical, students investigate the presence of enzymes in liver, potato and celery by detecting the oxygen gas produced when hydrogen peroxide decomposes. The experiment should take no more than 20–30 minutes.

Equipment

Apparatus

Eye protection

Conical flasks, 100 cm3, x3

Measuring cylinder, 25 cm3

Bunsen burner

Wooden splint

A bucket or bin for disposal of waste materials

Chemicals

Hydrogen peroxide solution, ‘5 volume’

Small pieces of the following (see note 4):

Liver

Potato

Celery

Health, safety and technical notes

Read our standard health and safety guidance.

Wear eye protection throughout. Students must be instructed NOT to taste or eat any of the foods used in the experiment.

Hydrogen peroxide solution, H2O2(aq) – see CLEAPSS Hazcard HC050 and CLEAPSS Recipe Book RB045. Hydrogen peroxide solution of ‘5 volume’ concentration is low hazard, but it will probably need to be prepared by dilution of a more concentrated solution which may be hazardous.

Only small samples of liver, potato and celery are required. These should be prepared for the lesson ready to be used by students. A disposal bin or bucket for used samples should be provided to avoid these being put down the sink.

Procedure

Measure 25 cm3 of hydrogen peroxide solution into each of three conical flasks.

At the same time, add a small piece of liver to the first flask, a small piece of potato to the second flask, and a small piece of celery to the third flask.

Hold a glowing splint in the neck of each flask.

Note the time taken before each glowing splint is relit by the evolved oxygen.

Dispose of all mixtures into the bucket or bin provided.

Teaching notes

Some vegetarian students may wish to opt out of handling liver samples, and this should be respected.

Before or after the experiment, the term enzyme will need to be introduced. The term may have been met previously in biological topics, but the notion that they act as catalysts and increase the rate of reactions may be new. Similarly their nature as large protein molecules whose catalytic activity can be very specific to certain chemical reactions may be unfamiliar. The name catalase for the enzyme present in all these foodstuffs can be introduced.

To show the similarity between enzymes and chemical catalysts, the teacher may wish to demonstrate (or ask the class to perform as part of the class experiment) the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide solution by manganese(IV) oxide (HARMFUL – see CLEAPSS Hazcard HC060).

If students have not performed the glowing splint test for oxygen for some time, they may need reminding of how to do so by a quick demonstration by the teacher.

Additional information

This is a resource from the Practical Chemistry project, developed by the Nuffield Foundation and the Royal Society of Chemistry. This collection of over 200 practical activities demonstrates a wide range of chemical concepts and processes. Each activity contains comprehensive information for teachers and technicians, including full technical notes and step-by-step procedures. Practical Chemistry activities accompany Practical Physics and Practical Biology.

Answer:  Hydrochloric acid

Explanation: Hydrochloric acid is not typically formed in the atmosphere as part of acid deposition. Acid deposition, also known as acid rain, is a broad term that includes any form of precipitation with acidic components, such as sulfuric or nitric acid that fall to the ground from the atmosphere in wet or dry forms.

The glomerulus is a unique high-pressure capillary bed in the kidneys. This filtration bed is considered high pressure due to the type of vessels feeding and draining it. The afferent arteriole feeding the glomerulus is larger in diameter than the efferent arteriole draining the bed.

This anatomical characteristic makes the blood entering the bed to be under high pressure and leaves the bed under lower pressure. This pressure differential between the two arterioles forces fluids and solutes through the walls of the capillaries and into the urinary tubules for further filtration. Therefore, the larger diameter of the afferent arteriole provides a higher volume of blood under higher pressure to the glomerulus, increasing the efficiency of the filtration. The smaller diameter of the efferent arteriole slows the blood flow, increasing the pressure inside the capillaries and maintaining the high pressure in the bed. This anatomical feature provides a unique and efficient filtration mechanism to the kidneys.

learn more about glomerulus refer: https://brainly.com/question/30466548

#SPJ11

complete question: The glomerulus is a unique high-pressure capillary bed, because the ______ arteriole feeding it is larger in diameter than the ______ arteriole draining the bed.

Answer:

B. Particulates

Explanation:

Factory emissions contribute greatly to the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and black carbon belongs to a class of air pollutants called particulate matter.

Answer:b

Explanation:

edge

Answer:

Both are multicellular (plants have different cells for the leaves and the stem, animals have skin cells, brain cells etc so they are called multicellular).

Plants are autotrophic - they make their own food (glucose) by photosynthesis

Animals are heterotrophic - they eat other organisms, cannot make their own food.

Explanation:

Answer:

Identical to original cell

Explanation:

No crossing over occur so no genetic variations no changes simple division

Answer:

they didn't grow very tall

Answer:

The earliest land plants were the ones which did not have deep roots. They were the non-vascular plants and included mosses, hornworts, and liverworts. i.e., the bryophytes. They reproduced through spores.

Answer:

Reptiles, like early dinosaurs.

The characteristic that can be seen in the given galaxy is that it is a part of Virgo supercluster and is warped along with having invisible halo.

A galaxy is a massive cloud of gas and dust, as well as billions of stars and their solar systems. Gravity holds a galaxy together. In the heart of our galaxy, the Milky Way, there is also a super massive black hole.

A galaxy is a system of stars, stellar remnants, interstellar gas, dust, and dark matter that is gravitationally bound together.

The term is derived from the Greek galaxias, which means "milky," and refers to the Milky Way galaxy, which contains the Solar System.

The given galaxy has the characteristics of being a member of the Virgo supercluster, being warped, and having an invisible halo.

Thus, this can be the three characteristics that can be learned.

For more details regarding galaxy, visit:

https://brainly.com/question/24836631

#SPJ2

Answer:

c

Explanation:

did the test

Answer:

ecosistema

Explanation:

Answer:

The first graph best represents the relationship between sustainability and biodiversity.

Explanation:

U 2 can help me by marking as brainliest.......

Graph 1 best represents the relationship between sustainability and biodiversity.

"Sustainability means meeting our own needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs."

"The term biodiversity (from “biological diversity”) refers to the variety of life on Earth at all its levels, from genes to ecosystems, and can encompass the evolutionary, ecological, and cultural processes that sustain life."

The relationship between biodiversity and sustainability:

To know more about biodiversity and sustainability here https://brainly.com/question/22950486

#SPJ2

Answer:

a

Explanation:

Answer:

Baby, Child, Teen, Adult

Explanation:

It's probably wrong I just put this for fun

Answer:

childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age

The normally functioning humans, urea typically has a clearance value of 70 ml/min. This means that the kidneys are able to effectively filter and remove urea from the blood at a rate of 70 ml/min.

Urea is a waste product produced by the liver when it breaks down protein. It is then transported to the kidneys where it is filtered out of the blood and excreted in the urine. The clearance value of urea is an important indicator of kidney function. If the kidneys are not functioning properly, the clearance value of urea will decrease, indicating that the kidneys are not effectively filtering waste products from the blood. This can lead to a build-up of toxins in the body and can result in kidney damage or failure.
In some cases, a low clearance value of urea may be due to dehydration or other temporary factors. However, if the clearance value remains consistently low, it may be a sign of chronic kidney disease or other underlying medical conditions. Monitoring urea clearance is an important part of assessing kidney function and overall health. Regular check-ups with a healthcare provider can help to detect any potential issues early and prevent complications.

learn more about kidneys here.

https://brainly.com/question/28021240

#SPJ11

Vestigal wings in Drosophila are produced by a recessive mutation. This trait is also produced by high temperature during development is an example of a phenocopy. The correct option is d.

Phenocopies are traits or conditions that share the same phenotype as a genetic trait but are actually brought on by external forces. In the case of Drosophila's vestibular wings, a recessive genetic mutation typically controls the trait. A phenocopy, on the other hand is when the same trait can be produced by subjecting the developing organism to high temperatures.

In this scenario, both the recessive genetic mutation and exposure to high temperature during development may contribute to Drosophila having vestiges of wings. The high temperature mimics the effects of the genetic mutation by acting as an environmental factor, resulting in the same phenotype.

Learn more about Phenocopies at:

brainly.com/question/22666766

#SPJ4

Answer:

A. The number of genes on its chromosomes

Explanation:

The reason why genes are so important is because genes can be transcribed to make mRNAs, and mRNAs can then be translated to make proteins. Proteins are an integral part of life, since they regulate so many processes and functions. Therefore, the number of genes (or lack thereof) in an organism defines how the organism is going to function.

The sequence of bases in its DNA best identifies the genetic code of an organism.

The genetic code is a system of rules that living cells use to convert information encoded in genetic material (nucleotide triplet sequences, or codons) into proteins.

The sequences of bases of DNA  determine the genetic code, of a person.

A gene's instructions inform a cell how to generate a specific protein. The “letters” in the DNA code are A, C, G, and T.

Thus, The best identifies the genetic code of an organism is the sequence of bases in its DNA.

Learn more about, genetic codes, here:

https://brainly.com/question/2047905

The alteration of pseudomonas bacteria's DNA to enable them to consume oil could have both positive and negative impacts on the environment and society.

Firstly, the potential benefits include the ability to mitigate oil spills and minimize damage to marine flora and fauna. These genetically modified bacteria could be used in oil spill cleanup efforts, helping to break down and digest the spilled oil more effectively, thus reducing the environmental impact.

On the other hand, there are also potential risks associated with this biotechnology. If the modified bacteria were released into the environment unintentionally or without proper control, there could be adverse consequences. The uncontrolled spread of these bacteria could result in unintended pollution as they consume not only spilled oil but also other hydrocarbon sources, leading to the release of toxic gases and further environmental damage.

Moreover, the introduction of such bacteria could disrupt natural ecosystems, potentially affecting other microorganisms and organisms that depend on oil for survival. The long-term effects on the balance of ecosystems are uncertain and would require thorough evaluation before any large-scale implementation.

In terms of society, the development of these bacteria could have economic implications. The cleanup of oil spills could become more efficient and cost-effective, potentially reducing the financial burden on affected industries and governments. However, it is important to consider the potential risks and unintended consequences of relying solely on this biotechnology, as it may discourage the development of alternative, cleaner energy sources.

Overall, the impact of genetically modified pseudomonas bacteria with oil-consuming abilities on the environment and society would depend on how the technology is deployed, regulated, and monitored. It is crucial to carefully evaluate the potential risks and benefits to ensure responsible and sustainable implementation.

for more such questions on environment

https://brainly.com/question/24182291

#SPJ8

There are 118 known elements that have been discovered and confirmed as of my knowledge cutoff in September 2021. These elements range from hydrogen, the lightest and most abundant element, to oganesson, the heaviest element synthesized in a laboratory.

These elements vary in their properties, such as atomic number, atomic mass, and chemical reactivity.

However, it's important to note that not all elements are found naturally in significant quantities. Some elements, like technetium and promethium, have only been produced synthetically and have no stable isotopes. Elements beyond atomic number 92 (uranium) are generally considered to be synthetic or artificially created, though some of these may occur naturally in trace amounts due to radioactive decay processes.

In summary, while 118 elements have been identified, not all of them are naturally occurring, and the number of elements found in significant quantities in nature is relatively smaller.

To know more about synthesized , refer here:

https://brainly.com/question/31479684#

#SPJ11

Answer:

what

Explanation:

Answer:

So your question is?

Explanation:

When a blood sample is centrifuged the buffy coat represents the "fraction of an anticoagulated blood that contains less than one percent of the total blood  the leukocytes and platelets.

Following centrifugation, the buffy coat is the fraction of an anticoagulated blood sample that comprises the majority of the white blood cells and platelets.

The buffy coat is the fraction of anticoagulated blood sample that contain most of the white blood cells and platelets following density gradient centrifugation of the blood.

Therefore, When a blood sample is centrifuged the buffy coat represents the "fraction of an anticoagulated blood that contains less than one percent of the total blood  the leukocytes and platelets.

Learn more about platelets on:

https://brainly.com/question/11333832

#SPJ1

This is true. The atmosphere gets tighter as you go up.

The carbon cycle cuts across the atmosphere, lithosphere, biosphere and hydrosphere.

The term carbon cycle has to do with the movement of carbon in the ecosystem. Now we know that the ecosystem is a self sustaining unit of life that is found on earth.

There are four main spheres that make up the universe and these we know them to be;

We know that carbon moves across all of these spheres and I would show you how. Respiration and photosynthesis are the key ways that carbon enters the atmosphere. Carbon enters the hydrosphere by means of the dissolution of carbon dioxide in water.

In the lithosphere, carbon is introduced by the process of decomposition that return carbon back to the soil. We know that carbon is contained in all the living things thus carbon is found in the whole biosphere.

Learn more about carbon cycle:https://brainly.com/question/1627609

#SPJ1

Answer:

To determine that electric beams in cathode ray tubes were actually made of particles

Explanation:

I hope this is correct, if it isn't then feel free to let me know and I will correct it. I'm sorry in advance if it is incorrect.

Answer:

C.  Elements are made of identical atoms, whereas compounds are made of  identical molecules.

Explanation:

Elements are made of identical atoms, whereas compounds are made of  identical molecules because elements are made of atoms of only one kind while on the other hand, compounds are the pure substance that is made of molecules that is similar as well as different from one another. Both element and compound are pure substance. Compound can be broken down by chemical means whereas elements can not be broken down.

Answer:

Landslide,erosion,creep slump

The appropriate structure(s) on the diagram of DNA and RNA can be matched to the following terms:

The genetic code is frequently referred to as a "blueprint" because it contains the instructions a cell requires in order to sustain itself. We now know that there is more to these instructions than simply the sequence of letters in the nucleotide code, however. For example, vast amounts of evidence demonstrate that this code is the basis for the production of various molecules, including RNA and protein. Research has also shown that the instructions stored within DNA are "read" in two steps: transcription and translation. In transcription, a portion of the double-stranded DNA template gives rise to a single-stranded RNA molecule.

Learn more about DNA and RNA: https://brainly.com/question/29493400

#SPJ11

Prenatal androgen exposure refers to the male sex hormones that are secreted in large quantities by the testes of male fetuses.

Prenatal androgen exposure has been related to later differences in behavior in a number of ways: For example, women with higher levels of prenatal androgen exposure tend to show more "masculine" behaviors such as aggression and dominance. Similarly, men with lower levels of prenatal androgen exposure tend to show more "feminine" behaviors such as empathy and emotional sensitivity.

There is also evidence to suggest that prenatal androgen exposure may be related to later sexual orientation, with higher levels of prenatal androgen exposure being associated with a greater likelihood of same-sex attraction in adulthood.

Overall, prenatal androgen exposure appears to play an important role in shaping later behavior, although the precise mechanisms underlying this relationship are not yet well understood.

To know more about hormones, visit:

brainly.com/question/30367679

#SPJ11