Where is psii on a leaf stem diagram

Answer:

The trend in the corn productivity shows an increase from the year 1988 to 2008.

This is because of high yielding varieties of corn, new technology and application of optimum dose of fertilizer and other agronomic activities. The trend in corn yield for the nutrients and nitrogen increases because new high yielding varieties needs more nitrogen as well as other nutrients as compared to local or old varieties so it is concluded that productivity and nutrients uptake increase with the passage of time.

Explanation:

Answer:predation

Explanation:

Answer: CORRECT (SELECTED)

Predation

Explanation:

The hawk (predator) consumes the mole (prey).

Burning temperatures, such as those of a hot stovetop, are perceived by receptor component of a reflex arc. This is the option B

It is common to see that when there is sudden pain or we touch something that is hot, we would instantly withdraw our hands from the source of the heat. Why do we do that? The reason why we feel heat is because of the nervous system.

The nervous system is composed of electrical receptors that can be found all around the body. These receptors are able pass on electrical signals from any part of the body to the brain and they help in the coordination of the affairs of the human body.

The way that the nervous system works is called the reflex arc of the system. It passes the information that it picks up directly to the brain for prompt action.

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Answer:

it took all of history until approximately 1803.

The chemical energy used by most organisms for metabolism and growth ultimately comes from The sun.

The sun provides energy to the majority of living things. Herbivores obtain energy from eating plants, which they do by using photosynthesis to absorb sunlight.Plants use the chloroplast to convert light energy into chemical energy, which is then stored in glucose. Water and CO2 enter the chloroplast, where light energy breaks up molecules before scattering them.

Carnivores consume herbivores, and eventually, plant and animal matter decomposes, adding nutrients to the nutrient pool. Chemical reactions take place in steps to produce and break down complex molecules as part of cellular activities through metabolism. While some of these chemical processes take energy to complete, others happen spontaneously and release energy.

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Answer:

First, we must understand:

What is Hydrogen Bonding?

Hydrogen Bonding is the interaction between Hydrogen atoms, with their molecules, due to the fact that their (Hydrogen atoms and bonds) are weak that even the other types of bonds are stronger.

(The other bonds are: covalent and ionic bonds)

(Hydrogen bonds are weaker than the average bonds listed above)

If you are to take how and why hydrogen bonds effect/affect ice cubes, we would have to look at how ice cube are formed. If you know, ice cubes can be created due to low temperatures (cold temperatures) making water into a solid. When ice cubes form into a sold, the spacing of the molecules become further apart, creating the density of the overall ice cube lighter than it was allowing it (ice cubes) to float.

Answer:

I believe its D  i may be incorrect though.

Explanation:

Answer:

D is right Thanks

Explanation:

The type of muscle that wraps around a respiratory bronchiole and can change the diameter of the airway is called smooth muscle. Smooth muscle is one of the three types of muscle found in the human body, along with skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle. It is involuntary, meaning it is not under conscious control.

Smooth muscle is present in the walls of various organs and structures throughout the body, including the respiratory system. In the case of the respiratory bronchioles, which are small airways within the lungs, smooth muscle fibers encircle the walls. These smooth muscle fibers are arranged in a circular fashion, forming a layer known as the bronchial smooth muscle layer.

The primary function of smooth muscle in the respiratory bronchioles is to regulate the diameter of the airway. Contraction of the smooth muscle narrows the airway, resulting in bronchoconstriction, while relaxation of the smooth muscle widens the airway, leading to bronchodilation. This dynamic ability to change the diameter of the airway is crucial for controlling the flow of air in and out of the lungs.

Various factors can influence the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle in the respiratory bronchioles. Neural signals from the autonomic nervous system, specifically the parasympathetic branch, can stimulate smooth muscle contraction, leading to bronchoconstriction. On the other hand, signals from the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system can induce smooth muscle relaxation, resulting in bronchodilation.

Other factors, such as certain hormones, inflammatory mediators, and chemical stimuli, can also modulate the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle in the respiratory bronchioles. For example, histamine released during an allergic response can cause bronchoconstriction, while certain medications like bronchodilators can promote smooth muscle relaxation and bronchodilation.

In summary, the type of muscle that wraps around a respiratory bronchiole and can change the diameter of the airway is smooth muscle. Its ability to contract and relax allows for precise control over the airflow in the respiratory system.

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The proportion of the carbon dioxide exhaled derived from the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA is 1/3.

Pyruvate is produced by glycolysis in the cytoplasm and its oxidation takes place in the mitochondrial matrix before chemical reactions begin, pyruvate enters the mitochondrion crossing the inner membrane and arriving at the matrix.

Pyruvate + NAD⁺ + CoA-SH ⇒ acetyl-CoA + NADH + CO₂

This is the reaction of the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA.

1 molecule of pyruvate is converted into 1 molecule of carbon dioxide.

Also, 2 molecules of pyruvate are converted into 2 molecules of carbon dioxide (as glucose on glycolysis yields 2 molecules of pyruvate).

Acetyl-CoA also contributes to the citric acid cycle and generates two molecules of CO₂.

Pyruvate thus generates a total of 3 molecules of CO₂, whereas glucose generates 6 molecules of CO₂ (as glucose on glycolysis yields 2 molecules of pyruvate)

Thus, Fraction = 2/6 = 1/3.

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Answer:

a chemical bond is a lasting attraction between atoms or molecules

Oncogenes are genes that, when mutated, have the potential to promote uncontrolled cell growth and contribute to tumour formation. One of the key steps in the expression of oncogenes is the binding of transcription factors to the promoter region of the gene, which initiates the transcription and subsequent translation of the oncogene's proteins.

To prevent the expression of an oncogene, targeting the transcription factors associated with its promoter is an effective strategy. By introducing a chemical that specifically binds to these transcription factors, their ability to activate the oncogene's expression can be inhibited or reduced. This interference in the transcription process would prevent or decrease the production of the oncogene's proteins, thereby impeding tumour formation. The most effective therapy among the options listed for preventing the expression of an oncogene would be: Introducing a chemical that binds to transcription factors associated with the oncogene's promoter.

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The most effective treatment for cancer is the one that completely eliminates the cancer cells and prevents them from coming back. This is known as a cure.

Surgery is often the most effective treatment for localized cancers, such as early-stage breast, colon, or lung cancer. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy are often used in conjunction with surgery to increase the chances of a cure.

For cancers that have spread to other parts of the body, a combination of chemotherapy and targeted therapies may be the most effective treatment option.

Immunotherapy, which works by boosting the body's immune system to attack cancer cells, is also a promising new treatment for various types of cancer.

Ultimately, the choice of treatment depends on many individual factors and requires careful consideration by a team of healthcare professionals.

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Given that Stem Bromelain has an enzymatic activity of 0.542 U/mg, and there are 20 billion bacteria in our teeth. We need to calculate how long it takes to degrade all of the biofilm created by the bacteria.Assumptions and explanations used in the calculation: Assumption: The mass of the biofilm is not given. Therefore, it is assumed that the biofilm's mass is 1 mg, as the enzymatic activity of bromelain is provided per mg. If the biofilm's mass is different, the result will be different.

We know the enzymatic activity of bromelain, which is 0.542 U/mg.We are given that the number of bacteria in our teeth is 20 billion. The biofilm is created by these bacteria. Bromelain is supposed to degrade the biofilm. Therefore, we need to calculate the mass of the biofilm. The mass of the biofilm is assumed to be 1 mg, as the enzymatic activity of bromelain is given per mg.Now we can use the given data to calculate the time required for bromelain to degrade all of the biofilms created by the bacteria.First, we need to find the total enzymatic activity required to degrade the biofilm. The mass of the biofilm is assumed to be 1 mg.Enzymatic activity of bromelain = 0.542 U/mgTotal enzymatic activity required to degrade 1 mg biofilm= 0.542 U/mg × 1 mg= 0.542 UThe total enzymatic activity required to degrade the biofilm created by the 20 billion bacteria is:Total enzymatic activity required= Enzymatic activity per bacteria × Total number of bacteria= 0.542 U/mg × 20 billion= 1.084 × 10^10 UTo find out how long it takes for bromelain to degrade all of the biofilm, we need to know the rate of degradation. The rate of degradation depends on various factors, such as temperature, pH, etc., which are not provided in the question. Therefore, it is impossible to calculate the time required for bromelain to degrade all of the biofilms created by the bacteria without knowing the rate of degradation. Thus, the answer cannot be calculated.

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I think it's probably the Digestive (because it's food-related) and Respiratory (your lungs)

Answer:

1 digestive system and 2 respiratory system

Explanation:

To keep food from entering your lungs, the body's digestive and respiratory systems must work together.

The biotic and climatic variables that might wipe out a region's population are the fundamental causes of ecological succession. Climate influences are present in wind, fire, soil erosion, and natural disasters.

The field of ecology consists of the interactions between living things, including people, and their physical surroundings. It aims to comprehend the crucial interconnections between living things, such as plants and animals, and their surroundings.

By recognizing the distinctiveness of Earth's many eco-systems and species, ecological living aims to maintain and preserve the planet's environment. All types of life can be found in each habitat.

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By expanding the cortical surface area available for the distribution of neurons, folding of the monkey brain cortex enhances neuronal processing power. It is believed that the cerebral cortex's distribution of folds (sulci) and ridges (gyri) reflects the underlying neuronal network.

Different genetic factors than those determining brain volume affect gyrification, an adaptive characteristic with a distinct evolutionary history. We address important issues about the genetic architecture of monkey brain folding, the interaction of genetics, brain anatomy, development, patterns of cortical-cortical connection, and the possibility for further evolution of gyrification using a large pedigreed population of over 1000 Papio baboons. We discover that the baboon cortex is very evolvable, with strong integration between the genotype and phenotype, through Mantel testing and cluster analyses.

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The statement complete dominance occurs when phenotypes of the heterozygous and dominant homozygote are identical is a False statement.

Complete dominance is a concept in genetics that occurs when the phenotype of a heterozygous genotype is the same as that of the dominant homozygous genotype. However, this statement is not always true. Although complete dominance is the most frequent mode of inheritance, there are other ways in which genes can interact with one another to determine the phenotype of the offspring.

Therefore, the statement "complete dominance occurs when phenotypes of the heterozygous and dominant homozygote are identical" is a false statement.

The blossoms on Mendel's pea plant are an illustration of complete strength, or when the predominant allele totally conceals the latent allele. Scientists have also discovered codominance, in which both alleles are present, and incomplete dominance, in which there is a blending.

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Answer: The DNA Replication

Explanation:

The correct option is C: The concentration at which dsDNA will have the highest Tm is 100 mM.

Out of the given options, the concentration at which double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) will have the highest melting temperature (Tm) is 100 mM. Tm is the temperature at which half of the DNA strands in a double helix become denatured or separated.

It is influenced by factors such as DNA sequence, length, and ionic conditions, including the concentration of ions in the solution. In general, increasing the concentration of salt ions, such as potassium or magnesium, can stabilize the double helix and raise the Tm.

In this context, a concentration of 100 mM is likely to provide an optimal ionic environment for maintaining the stability of dsDNA, resulting in a higher Tm compared to lower or higher concentrations. It is important to note that the Tm can vary based on the specific DNA sequence and experimental conditions.

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Answer:GMO crops have significantly increased crop yields and simultaneously decreased pesticide use. By doing these two things combined, we are producing more food with less inputs. Decreased use of pesticides, means less pesticide production demand and also less energy use on the farmers' end, too.

Explanation:

Proteins' versatility stems from their diverse structures. Proteins are formed by connecting amino acids, with every protein possessing a distinct and unique amino acid sequence. A protein's unique amino acid sequence is represented in its distinctive folded structure. This structure, in turn, defines the function of the protein. This is the reason mutations that change the amino acid sequence of a protein can affect its function.

Evey protein's distinctive 3-dimensional structure and function are determined by the amino acid sequence. The sequence of genes determines the combinations of three DNA key components (nucleotides) that code for amino acids.

Protein structure specifies its function by laying the foundation for its communication with other molecules in the body.

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The reticular formation is a group of nuclei scattered throughout the cerebrum and is responsible for maintaining alertness and attention. The reticular formation also coordinates fine motor movements.

The reticular formation is a group of nuclei and nerve fibers found in the brainstem and is thought to control certain autonomic functions such as respiration and circulation. It has been shown to be essential for maintaining alertness and consciousness. It is involved in the control of motor reflexes and coordination of fine movements. The reticular formation is responsible for the coordination of complex movements and the initiation of voluntary movements.

The reticular formation also serves as the pain pathway for interpretation. The reticular formation is not composed of nuclei scattered throughout the cerebellum. The cerebellum is responsible for coordination, precision, and timing of movements. It receives information from sensory systems and uses it to regulate motor movements.

Apart from the above-mentioned functions, the reticular formation is also involved in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness. It regulates the pattern of breathing and plays a role in the modulation of pain. It is responsible for the integration of sensory information from the brainstem and thalamus and also plays a role in attention and cognition.

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Answer:

1. The main physiological role of red blood cells (RBCs), or erythrocytes is to transport of gases (O2, CO2) from the lung to the tissues and to maintain systemic acid/base equilibria. In addition, RBCs are well equipped with antioxidant systems, which essentially contribute to their function and integrity.

2. In humans, it includes plasma (the liquid portion), blood cells (which come in both red and white varieties), and cell fragments called platelets. Plasma is the main component of blood and consists mostly of water, with proteins, ions, nutrients, and wastes mixed in.

3.Blood is a body fluid in humans and other animals that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells.

When streaking a throat culture on blood agar, stabbing the agar plate provides detection for Streptolysin O. The stabbing method is also called the puncture method, and it helps in determining Streptococcus pyogenes' hemolytic activity.

Streptococcus pyogenes produces two hemolytic toxins, streptolysin O (SLO) and streptolysin S (SLS). These toxins are necessary for establishing an infection.

The throat culture on blood agar plate is used to diagnose a throat infection. The process of inoculation involves streaking and stabbing.

Streaking is performed by moving the swab back and forth over the surface of the agar. It helps in identifying the colonies that have formed on the agar's surface.

On the other hand, stabbing is done by inserting the swab into the agar medium and then withdrawing it. It is useful for detecting the presence of hemolytic toxins.

In case of streptococcal infection, the throat culture is used to detect SLO activity. SLO causes beta-hemolysis, which is visible as a clear zone around the colonies.

By stabbing the agar plate, the SLO remains within the colony, resulting in no hemolysis around the colony. However, if the colonies are streaked on the surface, SLO diffuses out of the colony, causing beta-hemolysis.

Therefore, by stabbing the agar plate, it helps in detecting SLO activity.

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The ancient Egyptians governed the "correct" proportions of their drawn human figures using the "More than 100" method.What is the "More than 100" method?The "More than 100" method was used to regulate the proportions of the human body in ancient Egyptian art.

This technique was used to achieve an accurate and proportional depiction of the human body in art.The ancient Egyptians considered 18 "fist-widths" to be the average height of an adult male. In other words, the length of the forearm, measured from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger, was equivalent to the width of the fist.In order to achieve perfect proportions, the ancient Egyptians used a system of 18 equal units that are each the width of a fist. The body was then divided into these units, which were used as a guide to ensure that the various parts of the body were proportional to one another.

To depict the human body in correct proportions, the ancient Egyptians used a grid system that consisted of more than 100 units. This allowed them to maintain a consistent level of accuracy throughout their artwork and ensured that the human figures they drew were anatomically correct.

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One hypothesis for the Triassic extinction event is fluctuating sea levels that caused a decrease in primary productivity and a loss of habitat for shallow marine species. Fluctuating sea levels can lead to changes in the distribution and extent of shallow marine environments, such as reefs and coastal regions, which are vital habitats for many marine organisms.

These fluctuations may have resulted from a variety of factors, including tectonic activity, climate change, and changes in ocean circulation patterns. As sea levels rose and fell, shallow marine environments could have been submerged or exposed, disrupting the ecological balance and reducing the productivity of primary producers such as algae and plants. This decline in primary productivity would have had cascading effects throughout the food web, ultimately leading to the decline and extinction of many shallow marine species.

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Energy moves in a directional fashion through Earth's ecosystems, usually arriving as sunshine and leaving as heat. The chemical components that make up biological creatures, on the other hand, are renewed.

What does this imply? For one thing, your body's elements are not brand new. Instead, they've been moving through the biosphere for eons, becoming a component of numerous organisms and nonliving substances along the way. As a spiritual being, you may or may not believe in rebirth.concept, but there's no denying that the atoms in your body have been a part of an enormous number of living and nonliving objects throughout history!Carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur are the six most prevalent components found in organic molecules. They can be stored in the atmosphere, on land, in water, beneath the Earth's surface, and in the bodies of living creatures for long or brief periods of time. Weathering of rocks, erosion, water draining, and tectonic plate subduction all play a part in this recycling of materials, as do relationships between species.

The processes by which an element (or, in some instances, a compound such as water) transitions between its different living and nonliving forms.A biological cycle describes the interaction of various places. This name represents the significance of chemistry, geology, and biology in understanding these cycles.

Water, which includes both hydrogen and oxygen, is required by all living creatures. That puts the water cycle near the top of our inventory of important processes!

The hydrosphere is a vast and diverse collection of locations where water can be located as it cycles on Earth. Water exists on the Earth's surface and beneath the earth as a liquid, as ice in the northern ice caps and glaciers, and as water vapor in the atmosphere. Check out the water cycle page for more information on how water cycles between these types.

Our bodies are made up of more than half water, butHowever, people cannot survive solely on water. Instead, there are several other important components that keep our bodies functioning and are part of biogeochemical cycles:

Carbon can be found in all biological structures and is an important component of fossil fuels. For more information, see the page on the carbon cycle.

Nitrogen is essential to human cultivation because it is required for our DNA DNAstart text, D, N, A, end text, RNA RNAstart text, R, N, A, end text, and proteins. For more information, see the nitrogen cycle page.

Phosphorus is a crucial component of DNA DNAstart text, D, N, A, end text and RNA RNAstart text, R, N, A, end text and is one of the primary components in agricultural fertilizers, along with nitrogen. See also phosphorousFor more information, see the DN cycle page.

Sulfur is essential for protein construction and is emitted into the environment by the combustion of fossil fuels.

These cycles do not occur in isolation, and the water cycle is a major cause of other biogeochemical processes. The flow of water, for example, is essential for the leaching of nitrogen and phosphate into waterways, lakes, and seas. The water is also a significant carbon reservoir (holding tank).

Despite the fact that each element or compound follows its own path, all of these essential chemical nutrients circulate through the biosphere, traveling between the biotic—living—and abiotic—nonliving—worlds, as well as from one living creature to another.

Answer:

he takes careful notes on the bird's color, shape and

other physical features

Explanation:

Answer: A

Explanation:

D could be correct, but we can't assume D from this model.