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Cocaine was first isolated by German chemist Albert Niemann in 1859 and named by Austrian psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud in 1884.
Cocaine was first named and isolated in 1855 by Friedrich Gaedcke, a German chemist. It was further studied and named by Albert Niemann in 1860. Cocaine is a powerful stimulant drug extracted from coca leaves and has a long history of use and abuse, both medically and recreationally. It was widely used in the late 19th and early 20th centuries for its supposed medicinal properties before its addictive and harmful effects became known. Today, cocaine is a controlled substance with strict regulations on its production, distribution, and use due to its addictive nature and potential for abuse.
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Related Questions
if your were using bones to build a heavy house that needed a lot of support, to build the walls, you'd want to use
long bones
short bones
flat bones
sesamoid bones
Answers
Answer:
Long Bones
Explanation:
Helps give better support almost like in the body with better structure
The most important virulence factor that contributes to the pathogenicity of S. aureus in impetigo is:
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Answer & Explanation:
The most important virulence factor that contributes to the pathogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus in impetigo is the exfoliative toxin.
Exfoliative toxins are enzymes produced by S. aureus that cause the skin to separate and slough off. In impetigo, a highly contagious skin infection that is most common in children, S. aureus colonizes the skin and produces exfoliative toxins, leading to the characteristic rash of vesicles and crusts on the skin.
Other virulence factors produced by S. aureus that contribute to the pathogenicity of impetigo.
The most important virulence factor that contributes to the pathogenicity of S. aureus in impetigo is the exfoliative toxin.
This toxin causes the skin to become detached and slough off, leading to the characteristic blisters and crusts seen in impetigo. Other virulence factors, such as adhesins and enzymes, also contribute to the pathogenicity of S. aureus in impetigo, but the exfoliative toxin is considered to be the most significant.
The most important virulence factor that contributes to the pathogenicity of S. aureus in impetigo is the production of exfoliative toxins. These toxins cause the skin cells to separate and blister, leading to the characteristic symptoms of impetigo.
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How will the lymph drainage in the area of the nail bed change after blood Loss ?
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Answer:
The lymphatic system is a network of delicate tubes throughout the body. It drains fluid (called lymph) that has leaked from the blood vessels into the tissues and empties it back into the bloodstream via the lymph nodes.
This fluid includes proteins that are too large to be transported via the blood vessels. Loss of the lymphatic system would be fatal within a day. Without the lymphatic system draining excess fluid, our tissues would swell, blood volume would be lost and pressure would increase.
Which insurance benefits are determined by fee schedules or fee-for-service plans? What might be the advantages of this?
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Answer:
Providers are often based off of the Physician's fee-for-schedule because they Gucci, and like they are like girl boss. Fee-for-service can help with two separate policies, basic coverage, and hospitalization and surgery.
Explanation:
Physicians, AKA girl boss peeps are all free-for-schedule because like I know one. Like Fee-for-service is so good because it can help with basic coverage, and why would people want to have fees for their time, along with hospitalization and surgery.
The advantage of a fee-for-service plan is that patients get highly valued services and the provider is also able to offer suitable recommendations.
It should be noted that a fee-for-service plan enables the individual to see the provider such as doctors, hospitals, etc. In this case, the health plan either pays the provider directly or the individual is reimbursed.
The fee-for-service plan is that patients get highly valued services and the provider is also able to offer suitable recommendations. It is also important as it offers widest network of hospitals and doctors when compared to other plans.
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The following are antigen presenting cells except?
A) macrophages
B) neutrophils
C) B lymphocyte
D) dentritic
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Answer:
the answer is neutrophils
a nurse calls the unit manager to report that her purse has been stolen from the locked break room. the nurse says she thinks she knows which of the staff stole the purse. which actions by the nurse manager would be appropriate? select all that apply.
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The actions by the nurse manager would be:
Call the hospital security and ask them to look into it.
Request that the nurse record all information pertaining to the lost purse.
Inform the nursing administration of the theft of a staff member's purse.
Ask other employees to report any shady behaviour they may have noticed.
What is responsibility of nurse?
Finding the needs of the patient, concentrating on them, and responding to them. creating a sympathetic atmosphere by offering counselling. addressing or reporting on the needs or issues of patients General Nurse Functions:
Do physical examinations.Consider thorough medical histories.Consider the patients' emotional and physical demands while you listen to them.Give patients guidance and health care education.Care coordination with other medical professionals and expertsTo learn more about the responsibility of nurse
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why is the assessment of psychiatric illness particularly difficult in geriatric patients?
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The assessment of psychiatric illness in geriatric patients requires a comprehensive and integrated approach that takes into account the unique medical, cognitive, social, and cultural factors.
That can affect the presentation and management of psychiatric illness in this population. Comorbidity: Geriatric patients often have multiple medical problems that can complicate the diagnosis and management of psychiatric illness.
Cognitive impairment: Many geriatric patients have cognitive impairment that can make it challenging to obtain a reliable history or complete an accurate mental status exam.
Medications: Geriatric patients often take multiple medications, which can lead to drug interactions and adverse effects that mimic psychiatric illness.
Social and cultural factors: Social and cultural factors can play a significant role in the presentation and management of psychiatric illness in geriatric patients. For example, stigma associated with mental illness, a lack of social support, or difficulty accessing mental health care services.
Atypical presentation: Geriatric patients may present with atypical symptoms of psychiatric illness, such as somatic complaints, confusion, or delirium, which can make the diagnosis more challenging.
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Jeannette wants to increase her intake of iron without taking a dietary supplement. When she shops for food, she reads Nutrition Facts labels. Which of the following kinds of information will help her choose foods that are the richest sources of iron?
Structure/function claims
%DVs
Country of origin information
Organic food logo
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Jeannette should look for %DVs (percent daily values) of iron in the nutrition present in Option B and the nutrient or ingredient affects the structure or function of the body, but country-of-origin information and organic food logos do not helpful here.
What is the nutrition level?The %DVs (percent daily values) are a useful tool for consumers to determine the nutrient content of a food; they show how much of that nutrient is in a serving of food, and the structure/function claims are statements made about how a nutrient or ingredient affects the structure or function of the body, but there is no significance of the country of origin.
Hence, Jeannette should look for %DVs (percent daily values) of iron in the nutrition presented in Option B.
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The question is incomplete, complete question is below
Jeannette wants to increase her intake of iron without taking a dietary supplement. When she shops for food, she reads Nutrition Facts labels. Which of the following kinds of information will help her choose foods that are the richest sources of iron?
A)_Structure/function claims
B)%DVs
C)Country of origin information
D)Organic food logo
which biologic agents release toxins that can cause cellular injury? a. Bacteria b. protozoa c. virus d. fungi
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Which of the following statements is true?
It was the Greek philosopher Aristotle who first defined psychology as the “scientific study of behavior and mental processes.”
In contemporary psychology, the nature–nurture issue explores the influence of hereditary versus environmental factors on behavior.
The mind-body issue has now been settled and psychologists no longer explore the relationship between mental activity and the brain.
The principle of interactive dualism was formulated by Aristotle more than 2,000 years ago.Which of the following statements is true?
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Answer:
It was the Greek philosopher Aristotle who first defined psychology as the “scientific study of behavior and mental processes.”
what are characteristics of a healthy body weight? multiple select question. absence of medical conditions that suggest a need for weight loss body composition with an acceptable amount of fat muscular system that can lift three times the body's weight fat distribution that is not a risk factor for illness acceptable body mass index
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The characteristics of a healthy body weight Option D. fat distribution that is not a risk factor for illness acceptable body mass index.
BMI is a body weight measurement and is not supposed to diagnose sickness or contamination. For extra data, go to about grownup BMI. keeping a weight inside the healthy BMI range is one way to support overall fitness as you age.
Older adults have a tendency to lose muscle and bone, so greater of their body weight is in all likelihood to come back from fats. more youthful humans and athletes may additionally weigh extra because of strong muscle tissues and denser bones. those realities can skew your BMI wide variety and make it much less correct for predicting genuine body fat degrees.
Muscle mass is greater dense than fat tissue. in order you gain extra muscle and lose fat, you convert your usual frame composition, which can result in better weight, however a smaller figure, and better health.
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A 32 year old female presents to her primary care physician complaining of frontal headaches for over one week. She states the location of her pain to be on top of her eyebrows with radiation to the top of her head. She states she has been more fatigued than usual and has some minor nose congestion. She denies any visual disturbances, nausea, vomiting, cough or fever. You should:
a) Send her to the emergency room for emergent evaluation as she may be having a brain bleed
b) Advise rest and fluids with an anti-inflammatory such as Advil and reassure her she most likely has a viral sinus infection
c) Do nothing
d) Send her for a CT of the head and give steroids
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A five-month-old infant is ordered acetaminophen q6h for a high temperature. The usual adult dose is 325 mg q4-6h. The available acetaminophen is 160 mg/5 mL. What volume of medication should the infant receive every six hours? a) 3.2 mL b) 0.28 mL child's dose ) 0.34 mL child's dose d) 1.6 mL
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Answer: .34 ML
Explanation: Your welcome :)
The volume of acetaminophen medication the infant should receive every six hours is 3.2 mL.
To calculate the appropriate volume of medication for the infant, we need to determine the correct dosage based on the adult dose and adjust it for the infant's weight.
The adult dose is 325 mg, to be taken every 4-6 hours. However, for infants, the dosage is usually adjusted based on their weight or age. In this case, the infant is five months old.
The available acetaminophen concentration is 160 mg/5 mL. We need to calculate the appropriate volume of medication to provide the desired dosage.
The child's dose is usually a fraction of the adult dose, based on weight or age. Without specific weight information provided, we can assume the child's dose is a fraction, such as 1/2 or 1/4, of the adult dose.
Based on the available options, the volume of medication that aligns with a child's dose is 3.2 mL. This would correspond to a child's dose that is approximately 1/2 of the adult dose (325 mg).
Therefore, the main answer is 3.2 mL.
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The principal purpose of the National Institutes of Health is to:
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Explain the statement “Pharmacists must consider the effect the body has on the drug as well as the effect the drug has on the body.”
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Yes most of the Pharmacists check the drugs to make sure that the drug doesn’t have an negative effect on the body.
What are the 4 stages of drug development?Stages of drug development includes:
Discovery and Development. Preclinical Research. Clinical Research. FDA Drug Review. FDA Post-Market Drug Safety Monitoring.What are the 4 phases of drug trials?Clinical Trial. The purpose of Phase 1 is to ensure that the treatment is safe in humans and to determine how and where it distributes within the body. Clinical Trial.Clinical Trial.Monitoring Post-FDA Approval.To learn more about drug development, here
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56-year-old type 2 DM patient on metformin, NPH and enalapril presented with bilateral leg swelling of 2 weeks duration. BP-150/90, 5Cr-3.4mg/dl and K+= 6.5 ECG shown peaked T waves. What is the next initial step in management? A Hold metformin and enalapril B. Give Calcium gluconate 1096 C. Intravenous Lasix D. Repeat serum electrolyte and RFT
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Since the 56-year-old type 2 DM patient on metformin, NPH and enalapril presented with bilateral leg swelling of 2 weeks duration, the next initial step in management is option D. Repeat serum electrolyte and RFT.
Does metformin have an impact on kidney function?In individuals with intermediate CKD, metformin-associated lactic acidosis can result in metabolic acidosis, which has been demonstrated to have a negative impact on renal function and accelerate the progression of CKD [17–19].
Therefore, Every three to six months, fasting blood sugar, postprandial blood sugar, and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) levels are monitored for any oral antidiabetic medications. Long-term metformin use has been linked sporadically to vitamin B12 insufficiency.
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List all the bones on your thumb from proximal to distal. Do the same for your pinky finger.
What is the difference?
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Answer:
Thumb= distal phalanx, promixal phalanx, metacarpal
Pinky= distal phalanges ,middle phalanges, prominal phalanges, metacarpal
Explanation:
Thumb bone from proximal to distal. Daumen = distale Phalanx, proximale Phalanx, Mittelhandknochen
Pinky = distale Phalangen, mittlere Phalangen, pronominale Phalangen, Mittelhandknochen.
What are the 14 phalanges?The phalange is one of the bones of the fingers and toes. Beim Menschen gibt es 14 Fingerglieder in jeder Hand und jedem Fuß, 2 in jedem Daumen und großen Zeh und 3 in den verbleibenden Fingern. They are connected to the metacarpal bones of the hands and the metatarsals of the feet.
What is a phalange?The phalanges are the bones that make up the fingers and toes. The human body has 56 phalanges, and each hand and foot has 14 phalanges. Each finger and toe has three phalanges, except that there are only two big toes and two big toes.
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Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), the Institute of Medicine, and the Joint Commission have developed standards to address areas of concern for older hospitalized adults. Which of the following situations is of particular concern for an older adult with a hospitalization requiring complex care
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Transitions in care is of particular concern for an older adult with a hospitalization requiring complex care.
Transitions in care typically describes a change in health care as patients move between multiple care settings for example to and from the operating room or intensive care unit and most commonly refers to the time when patients are discharged from the hospital setting. Transitions in care is of particular concern for an older adult with a hospitalization requiring complex care. Transition care is for older people who have been receiving medical treatment, but need more help to recover, and time to make a decision about the best place for them to live in the longer term. You can only access transition care directly from the hospital.
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How did john watson have different view from sigmund freud
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Explanation:
John Watson was fascinated by the discoveries of psychoanalysis, but he rejected Freud's central concept of the unconscious as incompatible with behaviorism.
Freud incorporated the concept of the unconscious to explain transference. Watson understood and was intrigued by Freud's definition of sexual transference, but he was searching for an explanation of transference that did not involve the unconscious (Watson & Morgan, 1917)
Answer:
John Watson was fascinated by the discoveries of psychoanalysis, but he rejected Freud's central concept of the unconscious as incompatible with behaviorism. After failing to explain psychoanalysis in terms of William James's concept of habit, Watson borrowed concepts from classical conditioning to explain Freud's discoveries. Watson's famous experiment with Little Albert is interpreted not only in the context of Pavlovian conditioning but also as a psychoanalytically inspired attempt to capture simplified analogues of adult phobic behavior, including the "transference" of emotion in an infant. Watson used his behavioristic concept of conditioned emotional responses to compete with Freud's concepts of displacement and the unconscious transference of emotion. Behind a mask of anti-Freudian bias, Watson surprisingly emerges as a psychologist who popularized Freud and pioneered the scientific appraisal of his ideas in the laboratory.
Explanation:
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A 4-year-old boy was seen two weeks ago by his pediatrician because his father was concerned about him being very clumsy lately. The boy also has a hard time running, climbing stairs and he walks on tiptoes. There is a strong family history of muscular dystrophy. They are here today to go over the results of a muscle biopsy and EMG results. A confirmed diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy was made. The pediatrician wrote a prescription for physical therapy, and leg braces.
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The 2022 ICD-10-CM Diagnostic code for this type of disease involving the nervous system is G71.01.
What is ICD-10-CM code?This is known as morbidity classification which classifies diagnosis and reasons for visits to healthcare facilities.
The boy has muscular dystrophy as a result of defects in the nervous system with the diagnosis for such being G00-G99 thererby making G71.01 the most appropriate choice.
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A repetitive dive is any dive:_____.
a. Made within 24 hours of a previous dive.
b. Made within 48 hours of a previous dive.
c. In which your computer indicates there is residual nitrogen left in your system from a prior dive.
d. Both the first and third answers are correct.
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Repetitive dive is any dive that you make before you have completely off gassed from any previous dive or dives.
What is repetitive dive?This is any dive that you make before you have completely off gassed from any previous dive or dives. Residual Nitrogen Time (RNT) This is the amount of time you must consider as already having been spent at a given depth for a planned repetitive dive.
How do you calculate repetitive dive?To calculate this figure, you add your residual nitrogen time to your actual dive time.
Repetitive dive is any dive that you make before you have completely off gassed from any previous dive or dives.
Hence , C is correct option
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A 25-year-old male client has just had a plaster cast applied to his right forearm following the reduction of a closed radius fracture due to an inline skating accident. What is the priority nursing assessment for this client?
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Change the stimulus to read: Edward Jenner? ’s smallpox inoculation experiment was based on his observation that dairymaids who had had cowpox did not contract smallpox. How did Jenner form his hypothesis from this observation? He asked what would happen if he inoculated a person with cowpox fluid and then later with smallpox fluid. He tested different existing inoculations to see which one was most effective in preventing smallpox. He observed dairymaids who had contracted cowpox to see whether they became immune to smallpox. He drew a conclusion about dairymaids who got cowpox becoming immune to getting smallpox.
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Answer: Option A) He asked what would happen if he deliberately inoculated someone with cowpox fluid from another person.
Explanation : Edward Jenner wanted to know what would happen if he deliberately inoculate the cowpox fluid from some person to another. He tested this experimental results and later on came up with the hypothesis. Which roughly state that someone will not get smallpox because they already had cowpox.
Edward Jenner deliberately inoculates the cowpox fluid from one person to another person to know what would happen to that person. Thus, option A is correct.
What is smallpox?Smallpox has been a contagious disease that affects in the term of acute diseases and spread with contact with the infected person.
The discovery of a vaccine for smallpox was awarded to Edward Jenner with his research considering the exposure to cowpox as the vaccine to protect against smallpox.
Edward Jenner wanted to know the result of his hypothesis whether the person with cowpox will get affected by smallpox or not.
Later on, Edward Jenner discovered vaccination. He observed that the dairymaids who were working with cows got lesions on their hands.
Thus, he concluded that these dairymaids were immune to smallpox. Hence, option A is correct.
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what are some of the purposes of a post-mortem? check all that apply.
a. To learn from and adapt processes for higher efficiency
b. to understand the cause of mistakes and how to prevent them
c. to foster a culture where it's ok to make mistakes
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The purpose of post-moterm is to understand the cause of mistakes and how to prevent them.
A post-moterm, which is also called an autopsy an examination of the body done after the passing of the individual.
When the post-moterm of a body is done, it gives us a brief understanding of what went wrong in the body and what was the cause of the death or how did the death caused.
By learning about how and what happened, we can understand the causes of the mistakes and we can prevent them in future.
A major experiments and crucial information is obtained from the post-moterm report of the body. This useful information is used in future to make medicines and surgical methods.
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what effect did Covid 19 have on Medical Technology ?
Answers
Answer:
Covid-19 has had a major effect on medical technology. The pandemic has driven rapid innovation across the medical technology industry. Digital health solutions, such as telemedicine, have become increasingly popular, while artificial intelligence and machine learning are being used to improve the accuracy and speed of diagnosis. Remote monitoring technologies have been used to track patients in their own homes. Robotics have been used for disinfection and contactless delivery of medical supplies, while 3D printing has been used to rapidly produce medical equipment. Finally, companies have developed new tests and treatments for Covid-19, such as vaccines and monoclonal antibody therapies.
Answer:
The medical technology sector has experienced a substantial impact as a result of COVID-19. Many medical device makers have stopped developing new products and slowed down production of some types of medical equipment and devices as a result of the infection. Additionally, COVID-19 has occasionally caused an all-time peak in demand for specific medical products.
MAJOR IMPACT :
->The COVID-19 has had a considerable effect on the medical technology sector, and more specifically, manufacturers. As was already indicated, several gadget manufacturers were forced to suspend production, postpone the creation of new products, and slow down sales. The medical technology sector is probably going to be affected by these changes in the long run.
->Hospitals and health systems have been influenced by COVID-19 in a number of ways. Numerous elective surgeries have been delayed or cancelled as a result of the illness. The cost of medical care has increased as a result of the necessity for many institutions to develop safety guidelines for the use of medical technology.
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What is the purpose of using the “Z-track” method of intramuscular injection?
Answers
Answer: for all I.M. injections in adults. By leaving a zigzag route that seals the needle track, this method prevents drug leakage into the subcutaneous tissue, helps seal the drug in the muscle, and minimizes pores and skin irritation
Explanation:
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cardiovascular system disorder questions with multiple choices
Answers
Answer:
You have to put the questions and their answers for people to be able to answer your questions.
Explanation:
Imagine you are a doctor trying to determine if a patient has damaged a cranial nerve or a spinal nerve. How could you best determine this? a. Spinal nerve damage should affect only reflexes. b. Spinal nerve damage should affect sensation, but not motor movements. c. Spinal nerve damage should only affect organs and glands. d. Spinal nerve damage should affect only the torso and limbs.
Answers
The best way to determine if a patient has damaged a cranial nerve or a spinal nerve is: D. Spinal nerve damage should affect only the torso and limbs.
What is the peripheral nervous system?The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is an anatomical and functional division of the nervous system that is mainly responsible for perceptual experience in living organisms.
The nerves of the PNS.In all living organisms, the PNS nerves that are involved in both sensory and somatic functions include:
Peripheral nervesCranial nervesSpinal nervesGenerally, an evidence of a damaged spinal nerve is that only the torso and limbs would be affected because they are directly linked and controlled by it.
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what action used to clean or remove gross debris from surgical instruments in the ultrasonic cleaner
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why scientist can't stop death in the world?
Answers
Answer:
Because they are not man made buh God's creation