When examining how price affects either the supply or demand curve, economists apply the concept of ceteris paribus. This most often translates into which of the following? O Taking all factors affecting demand into consideration O Including all models of economic behavior when making a decision O Examining each of the factors of production before making a decision O Holding other factors constant and only examining effect of price on supply and demand
Answers
When examining how price affects either the supply or demand curve, economists apply the concept of ceteris paribus, which most often translates into holding other factors constant and only examining the effect of price on supply and demand.
Ceteris paribus, a Latin phrase meaning "all other things being equal," is a fundamental principle in economics. It is used to isolate and analyze the relationship between two variables while assuming that all other relevant factors remain unchanged.
In the context of price and its impact on supply and demand, ceteris paribus allows economists to simplify the analysis by focusing solely on the effect of price while holding other factors constant. By doing so, economists can better understand the direct relationship between price changes and the corresponding changes in the quantity demanded and quantity supplied.
For example, when examining the demand curve, ceteris paribus means assuming that factors such as income, consumer preferences, prices of related goods, and other variables remain constant. This allows economists to analyze how changes in price alone influence the quantity demanded, as depicted by the downward sloping demand curve.
Similarly, when studying the supply curve, ceteris paribus implies assuming that factors such as production costs, technology, input prices, and other determinants of supply remain unchanged. This enables economists to evaluate the impact of price changes on the quantity supplied, as shown by the upward sloping supply curve.
By applying ceteris paribus in their analysis, economists can isolate the relationship between price and quantity while abstracting away the complexity introduced by various factors affecting supply and demand. It provides a useful framework for understanding the fundamental principles of price determination and market behavior in economics.
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Related Questions
The rental rate of capital (r) is $200 and the wage rate (w) is $50. the amount of output produced (q*) at the optimal input combination is given by:__________
Answers
At the optimal input combination, the amount of output produced (q*) is determined by the specific production function and cannot be determined solely based on the given rental rate of capital and wage rate of labor. Further information regarding the production function is needed to determine the exact value of q*.
To determine the amount of output produced (q*) at the optimal input combination, we need to consider the concept of marginal productivity and cost minimization.
The optimal input combination occurs when the marginal product of capital divided by the rental rate of capital is equal to the marginal product of labor divided by the wage rate of labor.
Mathematically, it can be expressed as: MPK / r = MPL / w
In this case, the rental rate of capital (r) is $200 and the wage rate (w) is $50. Let's assume that the marginal product of capital (MPK) is 10 units and the marginal product of labor (MPL) is 5 units.
Using the formula, we have: 10 / 200 = 5 / 50
Simplifying the equation, we get: 0.05 = 0.1
Therefore, at the optimal input combination, the amount of output produced (q*) is determined by the specific production function and cannot be determined solely based on the given rental rate of capital and wage rate of labor. Further information regarding the production function is needed to determine the exact value of q*.
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if a small percentage change in price causes a larger percentage change in the quantity demanded, the good has:
Answers
If a small percentage change in price causes a larger percentage change in the quantity demanded, the good has an elastic demand.
This means that the quantity demanded is sensitive to changes in price. When a small change in price leads to a large change in quantity demanded, it indicates that the demand for the good is price elastic.
This means that consumers are price sensitive and will adjust their consumption of the good if the price changes. Generally, luxury goods, such as cars and jewelry, are more price elastic than everyday necessities, such as milk and bread.
This is because consumers can more easily adjust their consumption of luxury items than they can their consumption of necessities.
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when predicting manager effectiveness human skills are significantly more important than technical skills. true false
Answers
False. Both human skills and technical skills are important in predicting manager effectiveness.
Human skills, such as interpersonal communication, leadership, and decision-making, are critical for building and managing relationships with employees, stakeholders, and customers. Technical skills, such as knowledge of a specific industry, finance, or technology, are necessary for analyzing data, making informed decisions, and solving complex problems. Effective managers typically possess a balance of both human and technical skills, and the relative importance of each will vary depending on the specific context and the needs of the organization.
Human skills refer to the personal qualities and abilities that enable effective interpersonal interactions, such as strong communication and interpersonal skills, leadership abilities, empathy, emotional intelligence, and the ability to work well in a team. These skills are critical for building and maintaining relationships with employees, customers, and stakeholders, and for creating a positive and productive work environment.
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To locate the explanation of the colors on a map, you should look for a a. Compass c. Key b. Scale d. Chart Please select the best answer from the choices provided A B C D
Answers
Answer:
C. Key
Explanation:
Answer:
key
Explanation:
American Gas Products manufactures a device called a Can-Emitor that empties the contents of old aerosol cans in 2 to 3 seconds. This eliminates having to dispose of the cans as hazardous wastes. If a certain paint company can save $75,000 per year in waste disposal costs, how much could the company afford to spend now on the Can-Emitor if it wants to recover its investment in 3 years at an interest rate of 20% per year?
Answers
Answer:
$157,986.11
Explanation:
Given that
Amount = $75,000
Number of years = 3
Interest rate = 20%
The computation of the present value is shown below:-
Here we will use the P/A factor which is here
Present value = Amount × (1 + Interest rate)^number of years - 1 ÷ (Interest rate × (1 + Interest rate)^Number of years
= $75,000 × ((1 + 20%)^3 - 1) ÷ (0.20 × (1 + 0.20)^3)
= $75,000 × (0.728 ÷ 0.3456)
= $75,000 × 2.106481481
= $157,986.1111
or
= $157,986.11
Therefore for computing the present value we simply applied the above formula.
the estimated expense for accounts that may not be collected is referred to as:
Answers
Answer: a bad debt expense
Explanation:
The estimated expense for accounts that may not be collected is referred to as. bad debt expense. Joyce Corp uses the percentage-of-receivables method to account for bad debt expense. Joyce determines that a customer account of $20,000 should be written off as uncollectible
Suppose you are talking to both a recent college graduate who does not have much money in his budget for retirement savings and a 40-year-old employee who never opened a retirement account for herself until now.How would the retirement advice you give to each of them differ?
Answers
Explanation:
Retirement advice to college graduate:
1. Create a Long-Term Plan.
2. Diversify Your Investments.
3.Automate Your Savings.
4.Enjoy Your Money Later.
To 40-year-old employee who never opened a retirement account for herself until now.
1. Get rid of debt and reach your savings maximums
2. Save independently with IRAs
3. Maintain the right investment mix and reduce risk
4. Keep all your assets in view
5.Make tough decisions about education expenses
which situation is an example of skimming?
a) pop-up windows on a computer asking for you pin
b) a retailer scanning your credit card to steal its number
c) bank statements stolen from your garbage
d) a phone call from someone pretending to be a bank employee
Answers
Answer:
B.) a retailer scanning your credit card to steal its number
Explanation:
for the following questions, use a budget constraint-indifference curve diagram with leisure on the horizontal axis, and consumption on the vertical axis. when wage rises, the budget constraint
Answers
When the wage rises, the budget constraints in the leisure-consumption diagram will shift outward or become steeper, depending on the specific assumptions and factors at play.
If we assume a normal good, where leisure is a normal good, and the income effect dominates the substitution effect, the budget constraint will shift outward. This is because with a higher wage, individuals will have more income to allocate between leisure and consumption, allowing them to consume more goods and services while still maintaining the same level of leisure.
However, if leisure is an inferior good or the substitution effect dominates the income effect, the budget constraints may become steeper. In this case, the individual may choose to work more hours due to the higher wage, reducing their leisure time and increasing their consumption.
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What is the potential award amount for the Pell Grant and does Imani have to pay this back?
Answers
Answer with Explanation:
The Potential amount for the Pell Grant largely depends on you family income and asset worth. The maximum Pell Grant award for the year 2019-20 is $6,195 and maximum award per term is $3,097.
We don't have to pay back the Pell Grant but under certain circumstances which are listed as under:
Early withdrawing from the program that let you qualify for the grant.Enrollment status changed during the execution of program.Received Other ScholarshipsYou qualified for Teach Grant but later you didn't met the requirements for the grant.Activity-Based Customer-Driven Costs
Suppose that Stillwater Designs has two classes of distributors: JIT distributors and non-JIT distributors. The JIT distributor places small, frequent orders, and the non-JIT distributor tends to place larger, less frequent orders. Both types of distributors are buying the same product. Stillwater Designs provides the following information about customer-related activities and costs for the most recent quarter:
JIT
Distributors Non-JIT
Distributors
Sales orders 1,100 110
Sales calls 70 70
Service calls 350 175
Average order size 750 7,500
Manufacturing cost/unit $125 $125
Customer costs:
Processing sales orders $3,330,000 Selling goods 1,120,000 Servicing goods 1,050,000 Total $5,500,000 Required:
1. Calculate the total revenues per distributor category, and assign the customer costs to each distributor type by using revenues as the allocation base. Selling price for one unit is $150. Round calculations to the nearest dollar.
JIT Non-JIT
Sales (in units) fill in the blank 1 fill in the blank 2 Sales $fill in the blank 3 $fill in the blank 4 Allocation $fill in the blank 5 $fill in the blank 6 2. Conceptual Connection: Calculate the customer cost per distributor type using activity-based cost assignments. Round the interim calculations to the nearest dollar.
JIT Non-JIT
Ordering costs $fill in the blank 7 $fill in the blank 8 Selling costs $fill in the blank 9 $fill in the blank 10 Service costs $fill in the blank 11 $fill in the blank 12 Total $fill in the blank 13 $fill in the blank 14 For non JIT distributors by how much can the price be decreased without affecting customer profitability? Round your answer to the nearest cent.
$fill in the blank 15 per unit
3. Assume that the JIT distributors are simply imposing the frequent orders on Stillwater Designs. No formal discussion has taken place between JIT customers and Stillwater Designs regarding the supply of goods on a JIT basis. The sales pattern has evolved over time. As an independent consultant, what would you suggest to Stillwater Designs' management?
It sounds like the JIT buyers are switching their inventory carrying costs to Stillwater Designs without any significant benefit to Stillwater Designs. Stillwater Designs needs to prices to reflect the additional demands on customer support activities. Furthermore, additional may be needed to reflect the increased number of setups, purchases, and so on, that are likely occurring inside the plant. Stillwater Designs should also immediately initiate discussions with its JIT customers to begin negotiations for achieving some of the benefits that a JIT supplier should have, such as contracts. The benefits of contracting may offset most or all of the increased costs from the additional demands made on other activities.
Answers
Answer:
jit has made over 1750000 in the past year
Explanation:
she divided it by two in 6 months
Mei starts a job with a $72,000 annual salary that is paid twice a
month. How much should she expect her gross pay to be on her
first paycheck?
Answers
$3000
Explanation:
just diveide the number by 24
Business ethics best refers to ______. Multiple choice question. the process of defining the marketing mix variables so that target customers have a clear understanding of what the product does a broad description of a firm's objectives and the scope of activities it plans to undertake examining ethical problems that arise when marketing distinguishing between right and wrong in a business setting
Answers
Business ethics refers to examining ethical problems that arise when marketing and distinguishing between right and wrong in a business setting.
Business ethics encompasses the principles and standards that guide individuals and organizations in making ethical decisions and conducting business in a morally responsible manner. It involves examining the ethical problems that can arise in various business activities, including marketing.
By evaluating the potential ethical implications of marketing practices, businesses can ensure that they engage in fair, honest, and responsible behavior towards customers, competitors, and society as a whole.
When considering business ethics in the context of marketing, it involves assessing the moral implications of advertising, pricing, product claims, and promotional activities. Ethical problems in marketing can arise when businesses engage in deceptive advertising, misleading product claims, unfair pricing practices, or targeting vulnerable consumer groups.
Business ethics in marketing requires distinguishing between right and wrong actions and making decisions that prioritize the well-being and satisfaction of customers while upholding integrity and honesty.
In conclusion, business ethics in the context of marketing involves the process of examining ethical problems that can arise and making judgments about what is morally right and wrong in a business setting. It emphasizes the importance of conducting business in an ethical and socially responsible manner, ensuring fairness, transparency, and respect for all stakeholders involved.
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If in the short run, firms in monopolistic competition _________, new firms will enter the market.
Answers
If in the short run, firms in monopolistic competition make an economic profit, new firms will enter the market.
A firm is a for-profit business organization—such as a company, limited liability company (LLC), or partnership—that provides skilled services. Most companies have only 1 location.
Companies during a monopolistic competition build economic profits within the short run, however within the long-standing time, they create zero economic profit. The latter is additionally a result of the liberty of entry and exit within the trade. Restaurants, hair salons, home items, and clothing are examples of industries with monopolistic competition.
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when consumed, many goods and services have an impact on other people not using the product. Which word describes this impact ?
A. appreciation
B. depreciation
C. externality
D. inflation
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
depreciation
When consumed, many goods and services have an impact on other people not using the product. Depreciation word describes this impact. The correct option is B.
What does it mean to deprecate a product?Application developers who have already subscribed to a product may still use it after it is deprecated, but no new developers may do so. We disapprove of this use of company funds for political activities. to say that you disapprove of something.
In order to maintain backward compatibility and give programmers time to bring affected code into compliance with the new standard, features are deprecated rather than immediately removed. The following are some of the primary causes of depreciation: A more potent substitute feature has taken the place of the former feature.
Thus, the ideal selection is option B.
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On November 2, 2018, a U. S. -based company with the $US as its functional currency entered into a 90-day futures contract to purchase 90,000 Swiss francs when the contract quote was $1. 10. The purchase was for speculation in price movement. The following exchange rates existed during the contract period: 30 Day FuturesSpot Rate November 2, 2018$1. 04$1. 05 December 31, 2018$1. 06$1. 08 January 31, 2019$1. 07$1. 09 What amount should the U. S. -based company report as foreign currency exchange loss in its income statement for the year ended December 31, 2018
Answers
Answer: $3,000
Explanation: The US-based company should report a foreign currency exchange loss of $3,000 on its income statement for the year ended December 31, 2018.
Here's how to calculate it:
- The company entered into a 90-day futures contract to purchase 90,000 Swiss Francs on November 2, 2018, when the contract quote was $1.10.
- The company was speculating on the price movement of the Swiss Franc.
- There were three exchange rates that existed during the contract:
- 30-day future spot rate on November 2, 2018, was $0.041
- 60-day future spot rate on December 2, 2018, was $0.051
- 90-day future spot rate on January 31, 2019, was $0.071
- The company's contract expired on January 31, 2019, which means that it had to purchase the Swiss Francs at the prevailing spot rate on that day.
- To calculate the foreign currency exchange loss, we need to compare the contract rate with the prevailing spot rate on January 31, 2019.
- The contract rate was $1.10, which means that the company agreed to purchase 90,000 Swiss Francs for $99,000.
- The prevailing spot rate on January 31, 2019, was $0.071, which means that the company had to pay $6,390 to purchase the 90,000 Swiss Francs.
- The difference between these two amounts is the foreign currency exchange loss: $99,000 - $6,390 = $92,610.
- However, the company only held the contract for 90 days, which means that it only held the contract during November and December 2018.
- To calculate the foreign currency exchange loss for the year ended December 31, 2018, we need to calculate the difference between the contract rate and the spot rate on December 2, 2018, which is $1.10 - $0.051 = $1.049.
- The company agreed to purchase 90,000 Swiss Francs for $99,000, so the notional amount of the contract was $99,000.
- The foreign currency exchange loss for the year ended December 31, 2018, is the notional amount of the contract times the difference between the contract rate and the spot rate on December 2, 2018
Your politician says he wants to allocate a $1,000,000 for airport metal detectors to deter terrorism. At the rally he says 'spending this money will be worth it if this policy saves even one life". Having taken an economics class, you roll your eyes at the political gibberish.
Explain why, from the economic perspective, the politician is spouting gibberish.
Answers
From an economic perspective, the politician's statement can be considered as gibberish because it fails to consider the concept of opportunity cost and the principle of marginal analysis.
The statement by the politician disregards the economic principle of opportunity cost, which states that when allocating resources to one particular use, there is an associated opportunity cost of forgoing alternative uses of those resources. In this case, the $1,000,000 spent on airport metal detectors could have been allocated to other policies or initiatives that could potentially save more lives or provide greater societal benefits.
Additionally, the politician's statement overlooks the principle of marginal analysis. Evaluating the worthiness of a policy based on the potential to save "even one life" fails to consider the incremental benefits and costs of the policy. The resources allocated to airport metal detectors could have been used in a way that provides greater marginal benefits and saves more lives in other areas, such as healthcare, infrastructure, or education. Therefore, from an economic perspective, the politician's statement is considered gibberish as it neglects the important economic concepts of opportunity cost and marginal analysis.
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Laura is an HR manager for an organization. She is working on developing a
record retention procedure for managing important employee documents.
How long should she ensure that she has employee payroll records on file?
Answers
An HR manager, like Laura in the above case, has to ensure that they have the records of the employee payrolls documented safely in a file for a period of at least the next three years. Therefore, the option C holds true.
What is the significance of employee records?Employee records can be referred to or considered as the records that contain the historical as well as the present information of the employees as well as the ex-employees of the company. An HR manager has the responsibility of the maintenance of the employee records.
As per the directions mentioned under the laws relating thereto, the HR manager has to follow and duly abide the compliance of maintenance of the employee records of all kinds for a period of at least 3 financial years.
Therefore, the option C holds true and states regarding the significance of employee records.
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The question seems to be incomplete. It has been added below.
Laura is an HR manager for an organization. She is working on developing a record retention procedure for managing important employee documents. How long should she ensure that she has employee payroll records on file?
A. Current Year
B. One year
C. Three years
D. Until the employee serves
i am doing in interview for business opportunities around my area what questions should i ask
Answers
Answer: General questionsWhen did you start your business?Why did you decide to become a business owner?What was your mission at the start of your company?How many employees does your company have?What services or products do you offer?How do you advertise your business?
Explanation: i think it’s right
Typical queries include: When did your business begin? Why did you choose to start a business? What was the purpose of your business when it first began? How many people work for your company? What products or services do you provide? How do you promote your company?
What is an interview?An interview is a planned dialogue in which one party asks questions and the other replies. The term "interview" in everyday speech describes a private discussion between an interviewer and an interviewee.
The interviewee replies to queries by the interviewer by typically supplying information. The use of or distribution of that information to other audiences is entirely up to you.
This characteristic is evident in many different sorts of interviews; even when no one else is present during a witness interview or a job interview, the answers will be made available to others later on in the hiring or investigating process. Information can be exchanged in both directions during an interview.
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Choose the option that best matches the description given.
I handle the basic management of our employees and am the face you see in the media.
a)shareholder
b)officer
c)board of directors
Answers
Answer:
I think c. board of directors
OFFICERRRRRRRRRRRRRRR
Assume that at the end of 2020, Clampett, Incorporated (an S corporation) distributes property (fair market value of $44,500, basis of $6,500) to each of its four equal shareholders (aggregate distribution of $178,000). At the time of the distribution, Clampett, Incorporated, has no corporate earnings and profits and J. D. Has a basis of $50,600 in his Clampett, Incorporated, stock. How much total income does J. D. Recognize as a result of the distribution
Answers
In this scenario, since Clampett, Incorporated is an S corporation, the income, deductions, and credits of the corporation flow through to the shareholders, and are reported on their individual tax returns.
When an S corporation distributes property to its shareholders, the distribution is generally tax-free to the extent of the shareholder's basis in their stock. Any amount in excess of the shareholder's basis is treated as a capital gain.
In this case, J.D.'s basis in his Clampett, Incorporated stock is $50,600. Since the fair market value of the property he received in the distribution is $44,500 and his basis is greater than that amount, the distribution is tax-free to him. J.D. does not recognize any income as a result of the distribution.
However, it's worth noting that if J.D.'s basis had been less than $44,500, he would have recognized capital gain income equal to the excess of the distribution over his basis. But since his basis is greater than the fair market value of the distributed property, he doesn't have to recognize any income.
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A video game system is on sale for 25% off its original price. If the original price is $200, how much money will be saved?
Answers
Answer:
$50
Explanation:
25% = 1/4
200 / 4 = 50
50*3=150, which is 25% off.
how come ethics impact on psychology
Answers
Answer:
Ethical implications are the impact in which psychological research could have on the rights of individuals. This could be how the research affects public policy or the way in which certain groups are viewed or treated.
Explanation:
Discuss intellectual property frankly.
Be conscious of multiple roles.
Follow informed-consent rules.
Respect confidentiality and privacy.
Tap into ethics resources
Ramsay Corp. currently has an EPS of $2.80, and the benchmark PE for the company is 27. Earnings are expected to grow at 5 percent per year.
What is your estimate of the current stock price? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
Answers
The estimated current stock price for Ramsay Corp. is $75.60. To estimate the current stock price of Ramsay Corp., we need to use the price-to-earnings (PE) ratio formula, which is:
PE ratio = stock price / earnings per share (EPS)
We can rearrange this formula to solve for the stock price:
Stock price = PE ratio * EPS
Given that the benchmark PE for Ramsay Corp. is 27 and its current EPS is $2.80, we can calculate the estimated stock price as follows:
Stock price = 27 * $2.80 = $75.60
Therefore, the estimated current stock price for Ramsay Corp. is $75.60.
To estimate the current stock price of Ramsay Corp., we need to first understand what the PE ratio represents. The PE ratio is a valuation metric that compares a company's stock price to its earnings per share (EPS). It tells investors how much they are willing to pay for each dollar of earnings that the company generates.
In this case, we are given that Ramsay Corp.'s benchmark PE ratio is 27. This means that investors are willing to pay $27 for every $1 of earnings generated by the company. If we divide the PE ratio by the EPS, we can calculate the stock price:
PE ratio = stock price / EPS
stock price = PE ratio * EPS
Substituting the given values, we get:
stock price = 27 * $2.80 = $75.60
Therefore, we can estimate that the current stock price for Ramsay Corp. is $75.60. This calculation assumes that the company's earnings will grow at a rate of 5% per year. However, it's important to note that stock prices can be affected by many factors, such as market conditions, company performance, and investor sentiment. Therefore, this estimate should be used as a starting point for further analysis and not as a definitive answer.
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The AutoSum icon is located in
which of the following groups on the
Home tab? *
Answers
Answer:
The AutoSum option can be found in two areas: It is contained in the Editing group of the ribbon, as shown in the first example above. It can also be found under the Formulas tab.
5) a macrohedge is a a) hedge of a particular asset or liability. b) hedge of an entire balance sheet. c) hedge using options. d) hedge without basis risk. e) hedge using futures on macroeconomic variables.
Answers
Out of the choices provided above, it can be concluded to state that a macrohedge is a hedge of an entire balance sheet. Therefore, the option B holds true.
A balance sheet can be referred to or considered as a statement, which used for the purpose of representation of the financial positions of an accounting firm as on any given date, as such. The balance sheet can also be created out of a hedge fund or a number of funds, as such. Moreover, a balance sheet also shows the profits and/or losses made by a company.
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.
Explain to NT the reasons why NGO's and CBO'S form part of the market
environment.
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
As a result, NGOs can interface easier with the sector and generally have more access to information and resources, while CBOs are formed by people as a way of responding to the needs and challenges facing their communities. However, in some instances it is the CBOs that do the work the NGOs receive funding for
The reason for NGO and CBOS for part of the market environment should be explained below.
Reasons:Since NGOs could interface easier along with the sector and normally have more access to information and resources, while on the othe rhand CBOs are created by people this represent responding to the needs and challenges that are faced by the communities. But, in some situations, it is the CBOs that do the work the NGOs collecting the funding.
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Explain the levels of shariah rulings by giving examples of each relevant to the financial transaction.
Answers
Answer:
The levels of shariah rulings by giving examples of each relevant to the financial transaction is explained below in complete details.
Explanation:
Rules of Islamic Finance
The laws of Islamic finance adhere to the general sources of withdrawing Qimar and Maysir which are betting and gambling along with Gharar which is risk linked with exploitation and unfairness. This shuts access to the theory of interest and prevents the use of conventional debt-based devices. The Islamic financial system promotes risk-sharing, encourages entrepreneurship, discourages dangerous behavior, and emphasizes the sacredness of contracts.
How can you get your money back if you send a p2p payment to the wrong person?.
Answers
When a payment is sent to the wrong person using p2p, the money cannot be gotten back since it is equivalent to giving money to a wrong account. However, the person can lay a complaint to the customer service to take action.
What is P2P Payment?P2P payment is a system of payment where money is sent to another member of the crypto community in exchange for a coin to be sent to the individual's wallet. It is equivalent to giving someone cash.
When a user mistakenly sends money to the wrong person, the money cannot be gotten back. But if the sender has the details of the wrong receiver, an appeal can be made for the money to be reversed. However, if this is not the case, then the money would have to be forfeited.
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· Hope's contribution to her RETIREMENT plan...
a. is a post-tax contribution on which she pays federal income taxes
b. is pre-tax and therefore not included in federal income taxes
c. Is a contribution to her Social Security
d. is taxed at a rate of 15%
Answers
Based on Hope's check, her contribution to her RETIREMENT plan b. is pre-tax and therefore not included in federal income taxes.
What does the check say?The check notes that Hope's retirement contribution is not included in her federal taxable income.
This means that the contribution is paid pre-tax and will not be liable for federal income taxes. She will most probably pay taxes on the retirement fund when she withdraws from it.
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