when any neutral gaseous halogen atom accepts an electron, it is an exothermic process. the electron affinity value of a gaseous o− ion is − 710 kj .
Answers
The electron affinity is a measure of the energy change that occurs when an atom or ion gains an electron. A negative value for electron affinity indicates that the process is exothermic, meaning that energy is released as the electron is gained.
In the case of a neutral gaseous halogen atom, accepting an electron is an exothermic process because it results in a filled outer shell and a more stable, noble gas configuration. This leads to a release of energy that is greater than the energy required to add the electron.
For a gaseous O- ion, the electron affinity is negative, indicating that the process of adding an electron is exothermic. This is because the extra electron occupies a higher energy orbital, which requires energy to stabilize.
However, the energy released from the formation of a more stable configuration with a full outer shell is greater than the energy required to stabilize the higher energy orbital, resulting in a negative electron affinity value.
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Related Questions
for naoch3 identify each bond as polar covalent nonpolar covalent or ionic
Answers
The bond between Na and O in NaOCH3 is ionic. The bond between O and C in the molecule is polar covalent, and the bonds between C and H in the molecule are nonpolar covalent.
The NaOCH3 molecule is composed of three different types of bonds: Na-O, O-C, and C-H. The bond between sodium and oxygen is an ionic bond. Sodium is a metal and oxygen is a non-metal, and their electron configuration difference results in a transfer of electrons from sodium to oxygen. This results in the formation of sodium and oxygen ions, Na+ and O-, respectively. The O-C bond is a polar covalent bond, where the electron pair is shared between the two atoms but not equally. Oxygen is more electronegative than carbon, resulting in an uneven distribution of electrons, causing the bond to be polar. The C-H bond is a nonpolar covalent bond, as carbon and hydrogen have similar electronegativity values and thus the electron pair is shared equally between them.
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Complete question:
For NaOCH3, identify each bond as polar covalent, nonpolar covalent or ionic; NaO, OC, and CH.
A galvanic cell is powered by the following redox reaction:
2Br2(l) + N2H4(aq) + 4OH−(aq) → 4Br−(aq) + N2(g) + 4H2O(l)
Answer the following questions about this cell. If you need any electrochemical data, be sure you get it from the ALEKS Data tab.
Write a balanced equation for the half-reaction that takes place at the cathode. Write a balanced equation for the half-reaction that takes place at the anode. Calculate the cell voltage under standard conditions.
Round your answer to 2 decimal places.
Answers
The balanced equation for the half-reaction that takes place at the cathode is: N2H4(aq) + 4OH^-(aq) + 4e^- → N2(g) + 4H2O(l)
The balanced equation for the half-reaction that takes place at the anode is: 2Br2(l) → 4Br^-(aq) + 4e^-
The cell voltage under standard conditions is -1.91 V.
The balanced equation for the half-reaction that takes place at the cathode is:
N2H4(aq) + 4OH^-(aq) + 4e^- → N2(g) + 4H2O(l)
The balanced equation for the half-reaction that takes place at the anode is:
2Br2(l) → 4Br^-(aq) + 4e^
To calculate the cell voltage under standard conditions, we need to find the reduction potentials (E°) for the half-reactions involved. The reduction potential for the cathode half-reaction is -0.84 V, and for the anode half-reaction, it is +1.07 V.
The cell voltage (E°cell) is calculated by subtracting the reduction potential of the anode half-reaction from the reduction potential of the cathode half-reaction:
E°cell = E°cathode - E°anode = -0.84 V - (+1.07 V) = -1.91 V
Therefore, the cell voltage under standard conditions is -1.91 V.
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Why is there a higher rate of skin cancer in Australia than in other parts of the world?
Answers
Answer:
Read below
Explanation:
Melanoma -- the most virulent form of skin cancer -- is caused by harmful ultraviolet light from the sun. Australia's proximity to Antarctica, where there is a hole in the ozone layer that filters out UV rays, also increases the risk.
Answer:
In Austrailia there is the hieghest rate of skin cancer because there is so much sunlight in Austrailia and there some people that have sensitive skin and they get skin cancer easily/ fast.
Explanation: This answer is correct because my teacher gave me this answer.
Hope this was helpful if not plz don't report my answer plz.
Picture is below! Thanks :)
Answers
Answer:
A compound is material formed by chemically bonding two or more chemical elements.And if it can be separated than you know that its a compound.
Explanation:
have a goooooooood day:)
Which of the following is considered the first receiver for the nicotine in a smoking person?
1.left atrium
2.right atrium
3.left ventricle
4.right ventricle
Answers
Answer:
i think right artrium but not full aure
Write the names of the reactants and products of photosynthesis and chemosynthesis.
Answers
Whole reaction for photosynthesis:
6H2O +6CO-> C6H12O6 + 6O
Indicate the line-angle structure that corresponds to the condensed structure, hoch2c(o)ch(ch3)2.
Answers
The line-angle structure that corresponds to the condensed structure, \(\rm HOCH_2C( O )CH( CH_3)_2\) is shown below.
Line angle structure, also known as skeletal structure or shorthand structure, is a way of representing organic molecules in which carbon atoms are represented by the vertices of lines or angles.
In this case, the line angle structure of the condensed structure \(\rm HOCH_2C( O )CH( CH_3)_2\) is a way of representing the molecule in which each atom and bond is represented by a line.
In this structure, the carbon atoms are represented by the intersections of lines, and the hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon atoms are not shown. The oxygen atom is shown explicitly, and the double bond between the carbon and oxygen atoms is represented by a double line. The methyl groups attached to the carbon atom are represented by the letter "CH3". The hydroxyl group is represented by "OH".
Therefore, the line-angle structure that corresponds to the condensed structure \(\rm HOCH_2C( O )CH( CH_3)_2\) is shown as below.
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Most of the energy that drives the water cycles comes from which of the following?
O The sun
O Earth's core
O Earth's oceans
O The equator
Answers
bc water is necessary to sustaining life on Earth, and helps tie together the Earth's ... The ocean plays a key role in this vital cycle of water.
instructions for #4-5, balance each equation after substituting symbols and formulas for words, remembering to include abbreviations for the physical state.
For subscripts, just make sure the number is in the right location in the compound formula.
4. Iodine crystals react with chlorine gas to form solid iodine trichloride.
5. Solid sodium bicarbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid [HCl (aq)] to produce aqueous sodium chloride, water, and carbon dioxide gas.
Answers
Answer:
Ok:
Explanation:
4.
\(I_2_{(s)} + 3Cl_2_{(g)} => 2ICl_3{(s)}\)
5.
\(NaHCO_3_{(s)} + HCl_{(aq)} => NaCl_{(aq)} + H_2O_{(l)} + CO_2_{(g)\)
What is the reaction classification of the above reaction? A2B (l) → A2 (g) + B2 (g)
Answers
The reaction classification of the reaction, \(A_2B (l) -- > A_2 (g) + B_2 (g)\), is a decomposition reaction.
What is a decomposition reaction?In chemistry, a decomposition reaction is one in which a compound or a reactant decomposes to produce two or more chemically unique substances as the products.
Thus, a typical decomposition reaction can be written as:
AB ---> A + B
Decomposition reactions are the opposite of combination reactions. In combination reactions, two or more reactants combine to form a single product. A combination reaction can be written as:
A + B ---> AB
Considering the reaction in question: \(A_2B (l) -- > A_2 (g) + B_2 (g)\)
\(A_2B\) is the reactant. It undergoes a reaction to produce \(A_2\) and \(B_2\) respectively. In other words, the reaction is a decomposition reaction.
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Diastolic blood pressure is a measure of the pressure when arteries rest between heartbeats. Suppose diastolic blood pressure levels in women are normally distributed with a mean of 70.2 mmHg and a standard deviation of 10.8 mmHg. Complete parts (a) and (b) below. a. A diastolic blood pressure level above 90 mmHg is considered to be hypertension. What percentage of women have hypertension? % (Round to twa decimal places as needed.)
Answers
The percentage of women with hypertension, defined as a diastolic blood pressure level above 90 mmHg, can be calculated using the standard normal distribution table.
To find the percentage, we need to calculate the z-score for a diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg using the formula:
z = (x - μ) / σ
where x is the diastolic blood pressure value, μ is the mean, and σ is the standard deviation.
In this case, x = 90 mmHg, μ = 70.2 mmHg, and σ = 10.8 mmHg.
Substituting these values into the formula, we get:
z = (90 - 70.2) / 10.8 = 1.833
Next, we need to find the corresponding area under the standard normal curve for a z-score of 1.833. By referring to the standard normal distribution table or using a calculator, we find that the area to the left of 1.833 is approximately 0.9664.
To determine the percentage of women with hypertension, we subtract this area from 1 and multiply by 100:
Percentage = (1 - 0.9664) × 100 ≈ 3.36%
Therefore, approximately 3.36% of women have hypertension based on the given diastolic blood pressure criteria.
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Cordell bought new tires for his bicycle. As he rode his bike on the hot street, the temperature of the air in the tires increased. If the volume of the air stayed the same, what happened to the pressure inside the tires?
Answers
Answer:
the pressure increased
Assuming your weight is 440.55 N and the force of gravity on Earth is 9.8 m/s2 what is your mass? *
Answers
Answer:
44.95408163 kg
44.95 kg (2 decimal places)
Explanation:
Weight=Mass*Gravity
440.55=m*9.8
Make m the subject
M=440.55/9.8
M= 44.95 kg
Write a essay on endangered animals
A: Inquiring and analysing
i. explain and justify the need for a solution to a problem
ii. state and prioritize the main points of research needed to develop a solution to the problem
iii. describe the main features of an existing product that inspires a solution to the problem
iv. present the main findings of relevant research
B: Developing ideas
i. develop a list of success criteria for the solution
ii. present feasible design ideas, which can be correctly interpreted by others
iii. present the chosen design
C: Creating the solution
i. outline a plan, which considers the use of resources and time, sufficient for peers to be able to follow to create the solution
ii. demonstrate excellent technical skills when making the solution
iii. follow the plan to create the solution, which functions as intended
iv. list the changes made to the chosen design and plan when making the solution
D: Evaluating
i. outline simple, relevant testing methods, which generate data, to measure the success of the solution
ii. outline the success of the solution against the design specification
iii. outline how the solution could be improved
iv. outline the impact of the solution on the client/target audience
I WILL IDMEADIITLY MARK U AS BRAINLIESTTT
Answers
Answer:
WHATS OOP Lucy???
Give the symbol balanced equation for the reactions below. Ensure states are used.
a) Carbonic acid forming when a hydrogen ion reacts with a bicarbonate ion in a reversible reaction.
Answers
Answer:
\({ \rm{2H {}^{ + } _{(aq)} + CO {}^{2 - } _{3(aq)} \: \: \: {}^{ { \huge{\dashrightarrow} }} _{ \huge{ \dashleftarrow}} }} \: \: { \rm{H _{2} CO _{3(aq)} }}\)
Identify the class of enzyme that catalyzes each of the following reactions.
a. adding water to a double bond
d. removing hydrogen atoms from a substrate splitting peptide bonds in proteins
c. converting a tertiary alcohol to a secondary alcohol
Answers
a.The class of enzyme that catalyzes adding water to a double bond is called a hydrolase. b.The class of enzyme that catalyzes removing hydrogen atoms from a substrate is called an oxidoreductase. c.The class of enzyme that catalyzes converting a tertiary alcohol to a secondary alcohol is called an isomerase.
The class of enzyme that catalyzes adding water to a double bond is called a hydrolase. More specifically, a hydrolase that catalyzes this type of reaction is called a hydration enzyme or a hydro-lyase.
b. The class of enzyme that catalyzes removing hydrogen atoms from a substrate is called an oxidoreductase. Specifically, an oxidoreductase that catalyzes the removal of hydrogen atoms is called a dehydrogenase.
c. The class of enzyme that catalyzes converting a tertiary alcohol to a secondary alcohol is called an isomerase. More specifically, an isomerase that catalyzes this type of reaction is called a secondary alcohol dehydrogenase.
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How long does it take earth to orbit around the sun once
Answers
Answer: Earth revolves around the sun in 365 days, 5 hours, 59 minutes and 16 seconds.
Explanation:
Explanation:
365hours 6hours 5minutes and 6seconds
How many moles are in 3.59 x 10^10 kg of gallium ?
Answers
if i’m wrong someone correct me please
Water is being pumped out of a reservoir at a rate of 2.54 liters per 15.0 seconds. If the reservoir contains 1.0500 x 106 gallons of water, how many hours will it take to empty it?
Answers
Answer:
It will take 6,519.44 hours to empty the reservoir.
Explanation:
First of all, you should know that 1 gallon = 3.785 L
So, you can apply the following rule of three to know the amount of water in liters in the reservoir: if 1 gallon is 3.785 liters, 1.0500 * 10⁶ gallons of water, how many liters are they?
\(amount=\frac{1.0500*10^{6} gallons*3.785 liters}{1 gallon}\)
amount= 3,974,250 liters
Knowing that water is pumped out of a reservoir at a rate of 2.54 liters every 15.0 seconds, you now want to pump 3,974,250 liters of water out of the reservoir. For that you apply the following rule of three: if 2.54 liters are pumped out every 15 seconds, how long does 3,974,250 liters take to be pumped out?
\(time=\frac{3,974,250 liters*15 seconds}{2.54 liters}\)
time= 23,469,980.32 seconds
With 1 hour 60 minutes and 1 minute equal to 60 seconds, then 1 hour represents 3,600 seconds. So you apply the following rule of three: if 3,600 seconds is 1 hour, 23,469,980.32 seconds, how many hours are they?
\(time=\frac{23,469,980.32 seconds*1 hour}{3600 seconds}\)
time=6,519.44 hours
It will take 6,519.44 hours to empty the reservoir.
Visible light and radio waves are both examples of ______ radiation, which has a dual nature, possessing the properties of both ______ and waves.
Answers
Visible light and radio waves are both examples of electromagnetic radiation, which has a dual nature, possessing the properties of both particles and waves.
What is electromagnetic radiation?Electromagnetic radiation (EM radiation) is a type of energy that is produced by the movement of electrically charged particles traveling through space or matter. Electromagnetic radiation is a type of radiation that includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, and gamma radiation. It's an oscillating electric and magnetic field that propagates through space at the speed of light.
Electromagnetic radiation exhibits the characteristics of both a particle and a wave. The wave nature of electromagnetic radiation can be characterized by its frequency, wavelength, and amplitude. The frequency of a wave is the number of oscillations per second, which is measured in hertz (Hz). The wavelength of a wave is the distance between two consecutive peaks or troughs, which is measured in meters (m). The amplitude of a wave is the height of its crest or trough, which is measured in units of power, such as watts (W).
The particle nature of electromagnetic radiation can be characterized by its energy and momentum. Electromagnetic radiation consists of particles known as photons, which are massless and travel at the speed of light. The energy of a photon is proportional to its frequency, and its momentum is proportional to its wavelength.
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The picture is a waning gibbous. What phase will the moon be two weeks later?
A. 1st Quarter
B. 3rd Quarter
C. Waxing Crescent
D. New Moon
Answers
Answer:
d
Explanation:
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Because it is l o l
What is defined as the energy required to start a chemical reaction?
heat
reactant energy
activation energy
precipitate energy
Answers
Answer:
The energy required to start a reaction is Activation energy.
Bakelite is one of the first known synthetic polymers and was used to make radio and telephone casings as well as automobile parts in the early twentieth century.
a. True
b. False
Answers
True, Bakelite was used to make radio and telephone casings as well as automobile parts in the early twentieth century.
Was Bakelite used to make radio and telephone casings as well as automobile parts in the early twentieth century?Bakelite, one of the first known synthetic polymers, was indeed used extensively in the early twentieth century to manufacture radio and telephone casings, as well as automobile parts.
Developed by Belgian chemist Leo Baekeland in the early 1900s, Bakelite was a groundbreaking material that revolutionized the field of plastics. It offered exceptional electrical insulating properties, heat resistance, and durability, making it ideal for applications in the burgeoning electronics and automotive industries of that time.
Bakelite's ability to be molded into various shapes and its affordability further contributed to its widespread use in these specific industries during the early twentieth century. Bakelite marked a significant milestone in the development of synthetic polymers, paving the way for the production of countless plastic materials we rely on today.
Its successful application in radio and telephone casings and automobile parts demonstrated the potential of synthetic polymers to replace traditional materials like wood, metal, and glass.
Bakelite's impact on industrial manufacturing, as well as its historical significance in the early days of plastics, underscores the role of scientific advancements in shaping various industries and technologies.
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P = a/m-x
x = 8 correct to 1 significant figure
a = 4.6 correct to 2 significant figures
m = 20 correct to the nearest 10
Calculate the lower bound of P.
Show your working clearly.
Answers
- x = 8 (1 significant figure)
- a = 4.6 (2 significant figures)
- m = 20 (nearest 10)
To calculate the lower bound of P, we need to find the maximum possible value of the denominator, which is (m-x).
Since x has only 1 significant figure, the maximum possible value of x is 8.9 (when rounded to 1 significant figure). Therefore, the minimum possible value of (m-x) is 11.1, which is when m = 20 and x = 8.9.
Using this minimum value of (m-x) in the formula for P, we get:
P = a/(m-x)
P = 4.6/11.1
P = 0.414
To find the lower bound of P, we need to subtract the maximum possible error from this value. Since a has 2 significant figures, the maximum possible error in a is ±0.05. Since m has been rounded to the nearest 10, the maximum possible error in m is ±5.
Therefore, the maximum possible error in P can be found as follows:
Max possible error in P = |∆P|
∆P = (|∆a|/a) + (|∆(m-x)|/(m-x))
Substituting the values, we get:
∆P = (0.05/4.6) + (5/11.1)
∆P = 0.01196
Max possible error in P = |∆P| = 0.01196
Therefore, the lower bound of P can be calculated as follows:
Lower bound of P = P - Max possible error in P
Lower bound of P = 0.414 - 0.01196
Lower bound of P = 0.402 (rounded to 3 significant figures)
Therefore, the lower bound of P is 0.402.
The lower bound of P is calculated by substituting the maximum value of (m-x) and the known value of a into the given formula. The resulting value is then rounded to the correct number of significant figures, resulting in a lower bound of P = 0.71.
Explanation:The formula given in the question is P = a/(m-x). To find the lower bound for P, we need to find the maximum value of (m-x), since this denominator would yield the smallest result for P. Given that x = 8 correct to 1 significant figure, the upper bound for x would be 8.5. Then, m = 20 is correct to the nearest 10 so its lower bound would be 15.
Thus, the maximum value of (m-x) would be 15 - 8.5 = 6.5. Now, we substitute a = 4.6 (correct to 2 significant figures) into the formula and we get P = 4.6/6.5 = 0.70769230769.
But because the number with the least significant figures was in the original calculation was 2 (from value of a), we can only have 2 significant figures in our answer. That's why our value for the lower bound of P is 0.71 (rounded to 2 significant figures).
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Detects radio waves from objects in space:
a) Radio Telescopes
b) Reflection Telescope
c) Compound telescope
d) Refraction telescope
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer is A
Explanation:
A radio telescope is used to detect, collect and focus radio waves from distant objects in the sky or space. While a compound telescope, by design, can both refract and reflect waves. A reflection telescope uses curved mirrors to reflect light to form an image. A refraction telescope forms an image using a lens as its objective.
From the above definitions, it can be deduced that option A is the correct answer.
Because protons and electrons in an atom carry opposite charges, they are attracted to each other and thus maintain the boundaries of the atom as a _____ system.
Answers
Protons and electrons in an atom carry opposite charges and are attracted to each other, which maintains the boundaries of the atom as an electrically neutral system.
Atoms consist of a positively charged nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by negatively charged electrons in different energy levels or orbitals.
Protons carry a positive charge, while electrons carry a negative charge. Due to the opposite charges, protons and electrons are attracted to each other through the electromagnetic force.
This attraction between protons and electrons helps to maintain the stability and boundaries of the atom. The positive charge of the protons in the nucleus creates an electric field that attracts the negatively charged electrons towards it.
At the same time, the electrons' motion creates an opposing electric field, resulting in a balance between the attractive and repulsive forces within the atom.
As a result of this balance, the atom remains electrically neutral overall, meaning it has an equal number of protons and electrons. The attractive force between protons and electrons prevents the electrons from escaping the atom and maintains the integrity of the atom's structure.
In summary, the attraction between protons and electrons in an atom plays a vital role in keeping the atom electrically neutral and maintaining the boundaries of the atom as an interconnected system.
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Mark decided to investigate some household materials using the phenolphthalein solution. He
placed 10 drops of each liquid or a small amount of solid (just enough to cover the tip of the spatula)
in 2 mL of distilled water.
Answers
Answer:
The solutions that showed a color change upon the addition of phenolphthalein are bases. However, the lack of a change in color is NOT sufficient evidence to identify the other items as acids. This would only work if all substances were either acids or bases, which is not the case. Mark needs another indicator that shows a color when it is in an acid solution to support his conclusions.
No reasonable general conclusion can be drawn from Mark's work because there is no consistent pattern in the results.
If we look at the table carefully, we will notice that the table lacks consistency. What color can we definitely expect when a substance is acidic? we can not answer that question from the table.
Sometimes a substance is colorless after adding phenolphthalein and sometimes the substance is pale yellow after adding phenolphthalein and the same inference of acid substance is invoked in each case.
This leads to a lack of pattern and logic in the results therefore no reasonable conclusion can be deduced from the table.
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Which of the following is the correct Lewis structure for ammonia (NH3)
respectively
H
H
1
H-N-H
N-H
* -N- H-N-H
H
H
H
А
B
С
D
E
A
figure A
B. figure B
C. figure
D. figure D
E. figure E
Answers
Explanation:
Figure C is the correct Lewis dot structure of Ammonia.
The lewis structure of ammonia is the structure C.
Given:
The molecule ammonia NH_3
To find:
The correct Lewis structure of ammonia.
Solution:
Number of the nitrogen atoms in ammonia = 1
Number of the hydrogen atoms in ammonia = 3
The valence electrons in nitrogen atom = 5
The valence electrons in hydrogen atom = 1
Total valence electrons in ammonia molecule:
\(=1\times 5+3\times 1 =8\)
The total valence electrons = 8
Now draw the skeletal structure of ammonia and distribute the 8 valence electrons in such a way so that octet of each atom is complete as shown in the image attached.
So, the lewis structure of ammonia is the structure C.
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How much energy does the water in this experiment absorb according to the calorimeter data?
Answers
The heat energy absorbed by the water in the experiment according to the calorimeter data is 10450 J
How do i determine the heat energy absorbed by the water?From the question give above, the following data were obtained:
Mass of water (M) = 100.0 gSpecific heat capacity of water (C) = 4.18 J/gºC Initial temperature of water (T₁) = 21.2 °CFinal temperature of water (T₂) = 46.2 °CChange in temperature (ΔT) = 46.2 - 21.2 = 25 °C Heat absorbed by water (Q) =?From calorimetry, we understood that heat absorbed is given by the following formula
Q = MCΔT
Inputting the given parameters, we can obtain the heat absorbed by the water as follow:
Q = 100 × 4.18 × 25
Q = 10450 J
Thus, we can conclude that the heat energy absorbed by the water is 10450 J
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Cloud formation takes place during which phase of the water cycle?.
Answers
Answer:
condensation stage is when clouds form