What's the reaction that breaks peptide bonds?

Answers

Answer 1

The reaction that breaks peptide bonds is called hydrolysis, which involves the addition of water to the peptide bond, resulting in the cleavage of the bond and the formation of two separate amino acid molecules.

Energy from ATP, which is obtained by organisms from food sources, is used in the creation of the peptide bond. Chains of amino acids called peptides and proteins are bound together by peptide bonds (and occasionally by a few isopeptide bonds). In contrast to dehydration synthesis, enzymes are used by organisms to make nonribosomal peptides, while ribosomes are used to produce proteins. The presence of water (hydrolysis) can dissolve a peptide link. Gibbs energy is released during the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in water at a rate of 8–16 kJ/mol (2-4 kcal/mol). At     25 °C, the half-life of each bond is between 350 and 600 years, making this process incredibly sluggish. Although there are examples of peptide bond hydrolysis brought on by conformational strain as the peptide/protein folds into the native structure, peptide bond hydrolysis is often catalyzed in living organisms by enzymes known as peptidases or proteases.

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Related Questions

Explain why the biomass decreases as you move up trophic levels. When would the opposite be true?

Answers

Answer:

.

Explanation:

Biomass decreases as you move up because there is a larger amount of producers than of carnivores at the upper trophic levels.

what sea animal has no bones

Answers

Answer: Octopuses

Explanation:

Octopus has no bones

if tips of grasses or sugar cane are removed they keep growing in length

Answers

Answer:

Presence of intercalary metristems.

Explanation:

Makes the sugar cane grow in length even if the tips are removed.

Where is located epithelium, connective tissue, sensory receptor, and basement membrane in the picture.

Where is located epithelium, connective tissue, sensory receptor, and basement membrane in the picture.

Answers

The human consist of four types of tissues: epithelial, muscular, and nevous.

The cell in the picture have a simple columnar epithelium being part of the ciliated tissues. The structures in the picture can be identified as:

A- Cilia (microvilli) (motile structural elements of the epithelial)

B- Epithelial columnar cells (epithelium) (keratinized squamous cell)

C- Connective tissue

D- Basement membrane

E- Sensory receptor

gDNA is _____ chemically stable than RNA due to the _____ on _____. more; 3' -hydroxyl groups; RNA less; 2' -hydroxyl groups; DNA less; 2' -hydroxyl groups; RNA more; 2' -hydroxyl groups; DNA more; 2' -hydroxyl groups; RNA

Answers

Due to RNA's 2' -hydroxyl groups, gDNA is chemically more stable than RNA.

Compared to DNA, which lacks this group, these 2-hydroxyl groups make RNA more susceptible to hydrolysis and chemical degradation. As a result, gDNA is more stable than RNA and less susceptible to chemical degradation.

RNA contains ribose, which is distinguished by the presence of the 2′-hydroxyl group on the pentose ring (Figure 5), in contrast to DNA, which contains deoxyribose. Because it is more susceptible to hydrolysis, RNA is less stable than DNA because of this hydroxyl group.

Differences in RNA and DNA conformation, hydration, and thermodynamic stability are largely determined by the ribose 2'-OH hydroxyl group. A crucial component of RNA catalysis, the 2'-OH hydroxyl group acts as a scaffold for the RNA 2 stabilizing hydration network.

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Why do you think it is functionally important that the bones of the os coxae fuse together rather than remain independent bones

Answers

Answer:

Provides more strength.

Explanation:

It is functionally important that the bones of the os coxae fuse together rather than remain independent bones because the fusion of bones of the os coxae increases their strength and they can perform their function very well. If the fusion of bones of the os coxae did not occur and they remain independently so they can't bear the load of the body and so the function is also adversely affected.

Which of the following is attached to the transfer RNA (TRNA)? *
ribosome
RNA
codon
O amino acid

Answers

Answer:

One end of the tRNA binds to a specific amino acid (amino acid attachment site) and the other end has an anticodon that will bind to an mRNA codon.

Explanation:

There are many more ___________ than there are primary consumers.

Answers

The answer is producer

Answer:

producers

Explanation:

There are many more producers than there are primary consumers.

What is an example of something that increased tax revenue could pay for ?

Answers

Answer:

Increased tax revenue could pay for more government-provided services. This includes things like Social Security, Medicare, food stamps for the poor, infrastructure, etc.

Basically, an increase in tax revenue can raise money for the government to pay for more things that benefit the American people as a whole

Explanation:

Which amino acid is least likely to form hydrogen bonds?

Which amino acid is least likely to form hydrogen bonds?

Answers

Answer:

6 amino acids

Explanation:

6 amino acids (asparagine, glutamine, histidine, serine, threonine and tyrosine) have both hydrogen donor and acceptor atoms in their side chains.

5. Los estudiantes de 2do grado en una hoja dibujarán las medidas de prevención en relación a la actividad física, alimentación y protección solar. Además deben responderán la pregunta ¿Cuál es la importancia de la vitamina D en nuestro organismo?

Answers

Vitamin D is an important nutrient that our body needs to stay healthy. It helps our body absorb calcium, which is essential for building strong bones and teeth.

Without enough vitamin D, our bones can become weak and brittle, leading to a condition called rickets in children and osteoporosis in adults. One way to get vitamin D is by spending time in the sun. When our skin is exposed to sunlight, it produces vitamin D.

However, it's important to be safe in the sun by wearing sunscreen and protective clothing, especially during the hottest part of the day. It's also important to eat foods that contain vitamin D, such as fatty fish, egg yolks, fortified milk, and cereal.

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The complete question is:

2nd-grade students will draw prevention measures in relation to physical activity, diet, and sun protection on a sheet of paper. They must also answer the question: What is the importance of vitamin D in our body?

how accurate are dna paternity tests? by comparing the dna of the baby and the dna of a man that is being tested, one maker of dna paternity tests claims that their test is 100% accurate if the man is not the father and 99.99% accurate if the man is the father.

Answers

When a claimed parent is not biologically linked to the kid, the result of a DNA paternity test, known as the "probability of parentage," is 0%. However, when the alleged parent is biologically related to the child, the likelihood of parentage is normally 99.99%.

The most accurate inclusion paternity testing techniques are thought to be 99.99 percent precise. Numerous DNA match spots, or loci, from the infant and the probable father are compared to determine paternity. While some paternity tests simply compare 13 loci, the most reliable paternity tests compare 16 loci. When verifying whether a guy is the biological father of another individual, a DNA paternity test is virtually 100% accurate. Blood tests or cheek swabs can be used for DNA analysis. If you require the findings for legal reasons, the test must be performed at a medical facility.

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A species of finch on the mainland has a long, thin beak. It lives in swamps and its main food is insects. A closely related species of finch lives on an island near the mainland. This island has many trees that produce small, hard seeds. What kind of adaptation most likely became common in the island population, in response to its different environment

Answers

In response to a different environment, the adaptation that most likely became common in the island population would be long answer.

Adaptations in organisms occur as a result of changing environmental conditions. In the case of the closely related species of finch that lives on an island near the mainland, it has been observed that the island has many trees that produce small, hard seeds. Therefore, it is safe to assume that the finches on the island were forced to adapt to their environment, which had different food sources compared to those of the mainland finches.

As a result, it is most likely that the adaptation that became common in the island population was a variation in the structure of their beaks. The finches on the island may have developed stronger and more robust beaks to be able to crack open the hard-shelled seeds, while the finches on the mainland may have retained their long, thin beaks to continue feeding on insects in the swamps.

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Which of the following is NOT a way that the skeletal system contributes to homeostasis? Provides support and protection for internal organs. regulates body temperature. Houses blood forming cells. Protects the brain and spinal cord Serves as attachment and leverage points for muscles.

Answers

The correct option is B, Regulating body temperature is NOT a way that the skeletal system contributes to homeostasis.

Homeostasis refers to the ability of an organism or system to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes. It is a fundamental biological process that enables living organisms to survive and function properly. Homeostasis involves the regulation of various factors such as temperature, pH, blood sugar levels, water balance, and hormone levels within narrow limits. The body continuously monitors these parameters and employs feedback mechanisms to restore them to their optimal range if they deviate.

The key components of homeostasis include sensors or receptors that detect changes in the internal environment, control centers such as the brain or endocrine glands that receive and process the information, and effectors which bring about the necessary adjustments to restore balance. These adjustments can occur through processes like sweating to cool down the body, shivering to generate heat, releasing hormones to regulate blood sugar levels, or increasing or decreasing urine production to maintain water balance.

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Complete Question:

Which of the following is NOT a way that the skeletal system contributes to homeostasis?

A). Provides support and protection for internal organs.

B). Regulates body temperature.

C). Houses blood-forming cells.

D). Protects the brain and spinal cord

E). Serves as attachment and leverage points for muscles.

Briefly explain how the genetic information is arranged within a DNA molecule . Help

Answers

Answer:

Genetic information is arranged by adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine, together a sugar, base and phosphate.

Explanation:

write down 5 pros and 5 cons of biotechnology​

Answers

The Pros of Biotechnology-

1. It can improve health and reduce hunger simultaneously.

2. It creates flexibility within the food chain.

3. It offers medical advancement opportunities.

4. It allows us to preserve resources.

5. It helps us minimize or eliminate waste products.

6. It can reduce infectious disease rates

The Cons of Biotechnology-

1. It creates an all-or-nothing approach.

2. It is a field of research with many unknowns.

3. It could ruin croplands.

4. It turns human life into a commodity.

5. It can be used for destruction.

Hope it helps

While fleming was investigating the effect of green mold, he added mold to only half of the dishes containing bacteria. why was the set of dishes without the mold an important part of the experiment? and what was this group called

Answers

While Fleming was investigating the effect of green mold, he added mold to only half of the dishes containing bacteria. The set of dishes without the mold was an important part of the experiment because they will help in deducing whether the hypothesis of Fleming was correct or not. This group was called the control group.

The scientific research method contains a control group and an experimental group. In a control group, changes are not made so that the results from the experimental group can be compared with the control group in order to deduce results from a hypothesis.

In the case above, half of the Petri dishes in which Fleming added the green mold were the experimental group. The other half, in which the mold was not added will act as a control group. The control group helped Fleming to deduce results from his hypothesis that the green mold was responsible for the killing of bacteria in the Petri dishes.

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How does a frog get its food into its mouth?

Answers

Answer:

With the tongue

Explanation:

The frog uses its long stick tongue to eject its tongue out of there mouth to hit an insect, because the tongue is stick the insect gets stuck and the frog brings the tongue back to them with the insect on it

Waxy or oily compounds are?

Answers

Waxy or oily compounds are called lipid

HELP PLEASE Which of the following does NOT support the theory of natural selection? *

There are species that live in North America that are not found in Australia

Humans have small bones at the end of our spine that resemble tail bones in other animals

Prehistoric mastodons are similar to today's elephants

Species that are similar to each other tend to live near each other

Answers

Answer:

It's A!

Explanation:

The answer is A. There are species that live in North America that are not found in Australia. This observation does not directly relate to the theory of natural selection, which is concerned with how variations within a population can lead to differential survival and reproduction, ultimately resulting in changes in the traits of a population over time. The fact that different species exist in different regions is more related to biogeography and historical factors such as continental drift, rather than natural selection.

On the other hand, options B, C, and D are related to the theory of natural selection. Option B refers to the vestigial tailbones in humans, which suggest a common ancestry with other animals and are an example of a trait that has lost its original function through natural selection. Option C refers to the similarity between prehistoric mastodons and modern elephants, which suggests that elephants have evolved over time through natural selection. Option D refers to the observation that similar species tend to live near each other, which can be explained by the fact that they share similar environmental requirements and have evolved similar adaptations to survive in their respective habitats.

Hope this helps! If not, I'm sorry about that! If you still need help you may ask me! :]

Which cluster of terms accurately reflects the nature of DNA replication in prokaryotes? A) fixed point of initiation, bidirectional, conservative B) fixed point of initiation, unidirectional, conservative C) random point of initiation, bidirectional, semiconservative D) random point of initiation, unidirectional, semiconservative E) fixed point of initiation, bidirectional, semiconservative

Answers

The cluster of terms that accurately reflects the nature of DNA replication in prokaryotes is E) fixed point of initiation, bidirectional, semiconservative.

In prokaryotes, DNA replication starts at a specific, fixed point called the origin of replication. From this origin, replication proceeds bidirectionally, meaning that DNA synthesis occurs simultaneously in both directions along the DNA molecule. This bidirectional replication ensures that the entire DNA molecule is replicated efficiently.

Furthermore, DNA replication in prokaryotes follows a semiconservative mechanism. This means that each newly synthesized DNA molecule consists of one original (parental) strand and one newly synthesized (daughter) strand. This process helps maintain the integrity and fidelity of the genetic information during DNA replication.

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Prompt
Explain how scientific theories differ from scientific laws.

Answers

Answer:

Some scientists will tell you that the difference between them is that a law describes what nature does under certain conditions, and will predict what will happen as long as those conditions are met. A theory explains how nature works.

How do producers use the sun to get their energy?

Answers

Answer:

the answer is photosynthesis

Explanation:

Answer: Producers make their own food by photosynthesis, which is a process where plants get their energy from the sun and can make their food using the sun and rain. I hope this helps in some way!

List 4 ways in which animals communicate. ____________________________________

Answers

List 4 ways in which animals communicate: vocalization, body language, chemical signals, and visual cues.

Here are four ways in which animals communicate:

1. Vocalization: Many animals use sound to communicate with each other, either through songs, calls, or other vocalizations. Birds, for example, use different songs to mark their territory, attract mates, and warn of danger. Whales and dolphins use a complex system of clicks and whistles to communicate with each other, while primates use a range of vocalizations to express emotions and social status.

2. Body language: Animals also use body language to communicate, such as changes in posture, facial expressions, and movements. Dogs, for example, wag their tails to show excitement or submission, while cats arch their backs and hiss to signal aggression or fear.

3. Chemical signals: Many animals also use chemical signals to communicate, such as pheromones. Ants use chemical trails to communicate the location of food or danger, while dogs use their sense of smell to detect pheromones and other chemical signals.

4. Visual cues: Finally, animals also use visual cues to communicate, such as color changes, patterns, and movements. Chameleons change color to blend in with their surroundings or signal their mood, while peacocks use their colorful feathers to attract mates and intimidate rivals. Overall, animal communication is a fascinating and complex field, with many different methods and signals used by different species.

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The overall equation for the cellular respiration of glucose is:.

Answers

Answer:

Carbon dioxide + Water Glucose (sugar) + Oxygen

Explanation:

can also be written as CO2 + H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2

Carbon dioxide can combine with water in the body to produce carbonic acid. This can lead to a condition called acidosis. Explain how the body’s respiratory system will respond to acidosis.

Answers

Explanation:

Acidosis is a condition in which the body's pH level becomes too acidic, typically as a result of excessive production of carbonic acid. The body's respiratory system is one of the key systems involved in regulating pH levels. When acidosis occurs, the respiratory system responds by increasing the rate and depth of breathing, which helps to blow off excess carbon dioxide from the body. This helps to reduce the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood and decrease the production of carbonic acid, which can help to restore the body's pH levels to normal. In severe cases of acidosis, the respiratory system may be unable to compensate for the excess acid in the body, which can lead to respiratory failure and other serious complications.

What key molecule is needed in any Active Transport scenario? *

Answers

Answer:

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Explanation:

Active transport mechanisms require the use of the cell's energy, usually in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

the more_____traits of an organism that are passed on the more likely the

Answers

The inherited traits of an organism are passed on more likely from parents to offspring over generation to generation.

What do you mean by Inherited traits?

Inherited traits may be defined as a type of trait that is possessed by an organism that is caused by a change in its genes. These traits can be passed on to the progeny of the organism.

The process of carrying or transferring traits from one generation to another is accomplished through the phenomenon of heredity. This is also known as inheritance. For example, eye color in humans is an inherited trait.

Therefore, the inherited traits of an organism are passed on more likely from parents to offspring over generation to generation.

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When we break down glucose, what energy molecule is produced?

Answers

the correct answer is adenosine triphosphate or ATP

put the following structures in order. the first one should be closest to the nephron and the last one should be closest to the urinary bladder.

Answers

The following structures in order, starting from the closest to the nephron and ending with the closest to the urinary bladder are bowman's capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct, renal pelvis, and ureter

The nephron is the basic functional unit of the kidney, where the filtration of blood and reabsorption of essential molecules occur. The first structure in the order is the Bowman's capsule, which is responsible for filtering blood plasma. Next is the proximal convoluted tubule, where most of the reabsorption takes place. Following that is the loop of Henle, which concentrates the filtrate by allowing the reabsorption of water and ions.After the loop of Henle, we have the distal convoluted tubule, where more reabsorption and secretion processes occur.

Subsequently, the filtrate enters the collecting duct, which adjusts the final concentration of urine. The collecting ducts converge to form the renal pelvis, which serves as a funnel for urine to flow into the ureter. Finally, the ureter is a tube that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder. The urinary bladder stores the urine until it is ready to be expelled through the urethra. In this order, the structures progress from those closest to the nephron to those closest to the urinary bladder. The following structures in order, starting from the closest to the nephron and ending with the closest to the urinary bladder are bowman's capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct, renal pelvis, and ureter.

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What is a person or thing thought to be a source of wisdom or prophecy?A. LightheadB. DemigodC. OracleD. Dark Shadow Elizabeth wants to write a letter to the editor of the school newspaper to persuade the school administration that students should be allowed to have a spring carnival to help raise money for local charities. Which detail would best support Elizabeth's purpose? O A. Almond Middle School, another local school, raised over $2,000 last year during their Spring A-Ling Fling carnival and purchased tons of new books for the public library, O B. Jonesy Hall Middle School used to have a carnival every spring the years that my older brother attended. O C. At my elementary school, we had a fall carnival and I won a goldfish by kicking a soccer ball through a Hula-Hoop. O D. Having a school carnival would mean that students could get out of the last two periods of class and have fun with their friends QUESTION 42 poin4. What are the three areas in which a communication disorder may occur? What is the area of the circle? Approximate using pi equals 22 over 7 and round to the nearest square yard.a circle with radius labeled 61 yardsa. 383 square yardsb. 192 square yards c. 23,389 square yardsd. 11,695 square yardshelp a cannon of mass 5800kg is rigidly bolted to the earth so it can recoil only by a negligible amount. the cannon fires an 85kg shell horizontally with an initial velocity of 551m/s. suppose the cannon is then unbolted from the earth, and no external force hinders its recoil. what would be the velocity of a shell fired by this loose cannon? (hint: in both cases assume that the burning gunpowder imparts the same kinetic energy to the system). Which of the expressions below can be factored using the difference ofsquares method? State the transformations, domain, range and intercepts for the following functions. In a frequency distribution, the classes should always: A) be overlapping B) have the same frequency C) have a width of 10D) be non-overlapping when preparing a teaching plan for a client who is to receive a rubella vaccine during the postpartum period, the nurse should include which information? Presidents Harding and Coolidge would be considered to be.)Pro-warB.)Anti-warC.)Pro-businessD.)Anti-business Can someone please give me the (Answers) to this? ... please ...I need help. Help which graph describes exponential decay Need help ASAP! 25 points!Why did the USA intervene in Central and South America during the Cold War? (Select ALL that apply)a. Catholics and Protestants fight for religious superiority.b. U.S. fears that capitalism is spreading in Latin America.c. Extension of Roosevelt's Corollary.d. U.S. fears that communism is spreading in Latin America.e. People in Latin America began electing socialist leaning leaders.f. Extension of the Monroe Doctrine. Calculate the following quantity: volume in liters of 0.143 M manganese(II) sulfate that contains 73.0 g of solute. round your answer to significant figures. Choose the number equal to: -9 (-1/3) A) -27 B) -3 C) 3 D) 27 A mass m is placed on an inclined plane (m > 0) and slides down the plane with constant speed. If a similar block (same m) of mass 2m were placed on the same incline, it would: the early art of buddha did not include an image of its founder; instead it depicted: What prediction does the text best support?Helmer is going to change how he treats Nora.Helmer is going to leave Nora and the children.Nora is going to leave Helmer and the children.Nora is going to tell Helmer to treat her better. which word best describes the process of writing technical documents mcat reddit when titanium is used in an artificial hip replacement how does acidosis affect the metal