what substances must be provided for aerobic respiration to take place from outside the cell

Answer:

The answer is b

Explanation:

Answer: Biomagnification refers to the process by which the concentration of a contaminant increases as you move to higher trophic levels in a food chain or food web. In other words, as organisms consume other organisms, the contaminants present in the prey accumulate and become more concentrated in the bodies of the predators.

To understand this process, let's consider an example involving a water ecosystem. Suppose a pollutant is released into the water, such as a pesticide or heavy metal. The primary producers, such as algae or aquatic plants, absorb small amounts of the contaminant from the water. As herbivorous organisms consume these primary producers, they ingest the contaminants along with their food.

Since the contaminant is not easily broken down or eliminated from the organisms' bodies, it accumulates over time. As a result, the concentration of the contaminant becomes higher in the herbivores than in the primary producers. Now, when carnivorous organisms consume the herbivores, they not only accumulate the contaminant from their own food but also from all the prey they have consumed. This leads to an even higher concentration of the contaminant in the carnivores.

Therefore, biomagnification describes the phenomenon where the concentration of a contaminant increases significantly as you move up the food chain or trophic levels. The highest concentration of contaminants is often found in top predators, such as large fish, birds of prey, or mammals, which can have adverse effects on their health and reproductive capabilities.

It's important to note that biomagnification primarily occurs for persistent and non-biodegradable contaminants that cannot be easily metabolized or excreted by organisms. These contaminants are often lipophilic (fat-soluble), which allows them to accumulate in fatty tissues and remain in the organism's body for long periods, leading to biomagnification.

Explanation:

Flattened appendages that form a kind of compound "paddle" at the end of the abdomen are called uropods.

Uropods are flattened, paired appendages that are located at the end of the abdomen in many crustaceans, including shrimp, lobsters, and crabs. They are typically broad and flat and may be used for swimming, steering, or stabilizing the animal. In some species, the uropods may be modified into other structures, such as flippers or spines, depending on the animal's habitat or behavior. Uropods are one of the key features of the tail fan, which is the broad, flat structure that extends from the rear of the crustacean's body.

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Answer:

1.Photosynthesis

2.Photosynthesis

3.Neither

4.Respiration

5.Both

6.Photosynthesis

7.Neither

8.Photosynthesis

9.Photosynthesis

10.Photosynthesis

11.Respiration

12.Photosynthesis

13.Photosynthesis

14.Respiration

15.Respiration

16.Respiration

17.Photosynthesis

18.Photosynthesis

19.Respiration

20.Photosynthesis

21.Respiration

Answer:

space

Explanation:

everything else is for the life of the plant it's not necessary to have a ton of space

Answer:

d=substance that atoms make up

Explanation:

Answer:

Option D

Explanation:

Substances that are made up by atoms are big enough to be seen with a naked eye. Attractive Forces, Chemical Bonds and Atoms are Either seen by light microscope or electron microscope.

Deoxygenated: jugular vein, superior vena cava, right atrium, great cardiac vein, pulmonary trunk and arteries. Oxygenated: descending aorta, left ventricle, coronary arteries, carotid artery.

Two circuits compose the circulatory system

1- Deoxygenated blood goes from the heart to the lungs where releases CO₂

2- Blood gets oxygenated again by absorbing O₂.

3- CO₂ is exhaled and oxygenated blood returns to the heart.

1- Oxygenated blood moves to all tissues.

2- Deoxygenated blood returns to the heart.

You will find the image in the attached files.

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(a) Mean number of donors who have type O negative blood Mean of a population (μ) is found by adding up all the values and dividing by the number of values. So, the formula for calculating the mean of a population is:

(b) Standard deviation of the number of donors who have type O negative blood:Standard deviation is a measure of how much the data in a set is spread out. It is given by the formula:

O negative blood is the type most commonly used for transfusions when the patient's blood type is unknown. The O negative group is most often used in emergency cases, trauma, surgery, because this type is universal. However, O negative blood group can only receive O negative blood. O blood group is divided into two types Blood type O that has the rhesus antigen is called blood type O positive. Blood type O that does not have the rhesus antigen is called blood type O negative.

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Answer:

3 because the muscle cells is produced

Red blood cells are produced more frequently than the other types, the body produces them every second, hence option 2 is correct.

Medication that promotes the formation of RBCs: Erythropoietin is a hormone that is made in the liver and kidneys and stimulates the production of RBCs in the bone marrow. Some types of anemia can be treated with erythropoietin.

In order to replace those red blood cells that eventually deteriorate and die, red blood cells are continuously created in the bone marrow. A red blood cell has a lifespan of roughly 120 days on average. Anemia and shortness of breath result from a large drop in the number of red blood cells.

Therefore, It just takes a few weeks to replenish red cell reserves because your body produces roughly 2 million new ones every second.

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Answer:

Hello!What happens with ATP, NADPH, and sugar when you increase the temperature is that the mixture will INCREASE.

Explanation:

Hope this helps! :)-jade

The concentration of ATP, NADPH, and sugar will increase if temperature increases.

The rate of photosynthesis is depends upon several factors such as Light intensity and Temperature.

Therefore,  the concentration of ATP, NADPH, and sugar will increase if temperature increases.

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An adult with wrinkled wings emerges from the pupa.

Hence, B option is correct.

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Answer:

Gametes of Parent one (not already there):

Gs and gs

Gametes of Parent two:

gS and gS and gs and gs

Hope this helps!

The group of host animals in which all influenza viruses arose are birds. All viruses isolated in different groups of animals (e.g. pigs, horses, etc) had all their origin in birds (as indicated by the blue lineages).

All influenza viruses originated in the group of host animals known as birds. All viruses discovered in various animal species (such as pigs, horses, etc.) originated in birds (as indicated by the blue lineages).

Flu virus proteins are probably present in the nucleus, host cell membrane, and cytoplasm during an influenza virus infection. The genome type of an animal virus mostly determines the type of life cycle it has. A prophage can be formed by a lambda phage; a retrovirus would be a similar animal virus type. Some hosts manufacture interferons to protect themselves from animal viruses.

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*Post this one more time, the characters are limited*

PART 5:

A: Cougars, also known as mountain lions, are apex predators that play an important role in maintaining the balance of ecosystems. In their natural habitats, cougars help to regulate the populations of other animals, such as deer and elk, by preying on them. This, in turn, can have important effects on plant populations.

One of the key ways in which cougars influence plant populations is by reducing the population densities of herbivores, such as deer, that can have significant impacts on plant communities. High densities of herbivores can lead to overgrazing, which can reduce the abundance and diversity of plant species, and even lead to local extinctions. By preying on herbivores, cougars can help to maintain more balanced herbivore-plant interactions, which can promote the growth and survival of plant populations.

Cougars can also indirectly benefit plant populations by altering the behavior of herbivores. The presence of cougars can cause herbivores to alter their patterns of movement and feeding, which can reduce the impact of herbivores on plant communities. For example, herbivores may avoid areas where cougars are known to hunt, or they may feed more selectively to avoid being detected by cougars. These changes in behavior can help to reduce the impact of herbivores on plant populations, and can promote the growth and survival of plant species.

Furthermore, cougars can help to promote biodiversity by creating a more complex and diverse ecosystem. By preying onherbivores, cougars can indirectly promote the growth and survival of smaller animals, such as rodents and birds, that may play important roles in pollinating plants or spreading seeds. In addition, cougars can help to maintain the natural balance of ecosystems by preventing the overexploitation of certain plant and animal species by herbivores.

In summary, cougars are important for plant populations because they help to regulate herbivore populations and promote more balanced herbivore-plant interactions. By preying on herbivores, altering their behavior, and promoting biodiversity, cougars can help to maintain healthy and diverse plant communities, which are essential for the functioning of ecosystems and the provision of ecosystem services. Therefore, conservation efforts aimed at protecting and restoring cougar populations can have important benefits for plant populations and the wider environment.

B: Overhunting of cougars can have significant impacts on plant populations and the wider ecosystem. As apex predators, cougars play a crucial role in regulating the populations of other animals, such as deer and elk, which can have important effects on plant populations.

If cougars are overhunted, the populations of their prey species may increase, leading to overgrazing and other negative impacts on plant communities. High densities of herbivores can lead to reduced abundance and diversity of plant species, and even local extinctions. This, in turn, can have cascading effects on other species that depend on these plants for food or habitat.

The loss of cougars can also have indirect effects on plant populations by altering the behavior of other animals. For example, in the absence of cougars, herbivores may no longer avoid certain areas or modify their feeding behavior, leading to increased damage to plant communities. This can further reduce the abundance and diversity of plant species, and have negative effects on other species that depend on these plants.

Additionally, cougars can promote biodiversity by creating a more complex and diverse ecosystem. By preying on herbivores, cougars indirectly promote the growth and survival of smaller animals, such as rodents and birds, that may play important roles in pollinating plants or spreading seeds. If cougars are overhunted, the loss of these indirect effects can further impact plant populations and ecosystem functioning.

In summary, overhunting of cougars can have significant negative impacts on plant populations and the wider ecosystem. By regulating herbivore populations and promoting balanced herbivore-plant interactions, cougars play an important role in maintaining healthy plant communities and promoting biodiversity. Therefore, efforts to conserve and manage cougar populations are essential for sustaining healthy ecosystems and ensuring the continued provision of ecosystem services.

PART C:

 Population Sizes over Time

 ----------------------------------------------------

 |                        |                         |

 |          Cougars       |        Trees            |

 |                        |                         |

 |                        |                         |

 |                        |                         |

 |                        |                         |

 |                        |                         |

 |                        |                         |

 |                        |                         |

 |                        |                         |

 ----------------------------------------------------

 0                       20                        40

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Answer:

Explanation:

vertebral column: the vertebral column, also called the spinal column, spine, or backbone, in vertebrate animals, is the flexible column extending from neck to tail, made of a series of bones, the vertebrae. The major function of the vertebral column is the protection of the spinal cord; it also provides stiffening for the body and attachment for the pectoral and pelvic girdles and many muscles. In humans, an additional function is to transmit body weight in walking and standing.

braincase: It houses the brain and cranial nerves, and it partially or completely encloses some cephalic sense organs (e.g., inner ear, eyeball, olfactory region). Moreover, the braincase provides an area of attachment for the musculature of the jaw and neck, as well as the bony articulation of the neck itself.

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The vertebral column provides axial support to the body and houses the spinal cord, while the braincase encloses and protects the brain. The functions of the vertebral column and braincase are given.

Functions of the Vertebral Column:The vertebral column performs the following functions:Provides protection: The vertebral column encases the spinal cord, which serves as the central nervous system conduit. It provides protection to the spinal cord, which is an essential part of the nervous system.Supports the upper body: The vertebral column helps to support the weight of the upper body. This weight-bearing role is crucial to the functioning of the lower back.

Supports the neck: The vertebral column serves as a support for the neck and the head. The neck is essential for movements of the head. Without a functioning neck, it would be impossible to move the head from side to side or up and down. Provides a flexible framework: The vertebral column provides a flexible framework that allows the body to bend and twist.

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The peritectic transformation occurs in Fe-C alloys at a temperature of about 1148°C and at about 0.17 wt.% C. Delta-ferrite is not expected to be retained on equilibrium cooling steel of this composition through the invariant reaction because when the steel is cooled slowly, all delta-ferrite will transform into austenite at a temperature range of 1400-912°C, and the remaining austenite will then transform into pearlite at a temperature range of 727-427°C. Delta-ferrite cannot exist in equilibrium in iron-carbon alloys containing less than 0.09% C at room temperature.

b) If a Fe-0.4 wt% C steel is austenitised at 1000°C for 30 minutes and is slow-cooled to room temperature, eutectoid alpha-iron, pro-eutectoid alpha-iron and cementite will form. When instead a Fe-1.3 wt% C steel is austenitised at 1000°C for 30 minutes and is slow-cooled to room temperature, alpha-iron, eutectoid cementite and pro-eutectoid cementite will form.

c) When using the equilibrium phase diagram together with the lever rule to describe as quantitatively as possible the key difference in terms of phases, phase fractions and microstructure between these alloys, it can be observed that Fe-0.4 wt% C steel consists of about 98% pearlite and 2% proeutectoid ferrite while Fe-1.3 wt% C steel contains about 60% cementite, 20% proeutectoid cementite and 20% pearlite. The Fe-0.4 wt% C steel is composed of a fine network of pearlite while the Fe-1.3 wt% C steel is made up of coarse cementite and pearlite in a lamellar form with the ferrite and cementite phases separating into separate regions during cooling.

d) If the steel described in (b) is quenched rapidly from 1000°C to room temperature, martensite will be formed which will consist of a supersaturated body-centred cubic (BCC) lattice of carbon in iron. This is different from that formed in any of the cases above because martensite is formed when austenite is rapidly cooled, the carbon atoms do not have sufficient time to diffuse to form either ferrite or cementite.

e) The d-spacing to two decimal places for Peaks 1 and 2, the first two peaks present in the scanned region for Phase 1 can be calculated using Bragg's law, which is nλ = 2d sin θ. For Peak 1, d = nλ / 2 sin θ = (1 × 0.15406) / (2 × sin 28) = 0.270 nm, and for Peak 2, d = nλ / 2 sin θ = (1 × 0.15406) / (2 × sin 43.83) = 0.219 nm.

The (002) and (202) peaks are not immediately apparent in the XRD plot and table due to their weak intensities and their positions overlapping with the peaks of Phase 2.

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Answer:

A.) If "G" is the dominant green-eyed gene and "g" is the blue-eyed gene, then Pippin and Lola's genotypes will both be Gg.

B.) Beatrice's genotype is gg.

Explanation:

Answer:

Latitude on the equator is 0 degrees and longitude is 180 degrees.

If this helps, please give me brainliest.

Answer:

The endoplasmic reticulum can either be smooth or rough, and in general its function is to produce proteins for the rest of the cell to function. The rough endoplasmic reticulum has on it ribosomes, which are small, round organelles whose function it is to make those proteins.

A problem that is common with the Eurasian Beaver ecosystem, most likely from a human impact is the hunting of men that made them to come to a near-extinction.

Note that Beavers are said to be threatened  in terms of  habitat loss as well as conflict with humans. If a person is residence inside of the beaver habitat, it is advisable to proven coexistence techniques such as:

The pros are:

The cons are:

Therefore, as a keystone species that supports the ecology it lives in is the Eurasian beaver. It produces wetlands that serve as homes for animals including the European water vole, the Asian otter, as well as the Asian water shrew.

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Some organisms and their function is given below:

Living organisms are important biologically as they perform various roles in nature.

Some organisms play beneficial roles in the growth and development of other organisms as well as their environment.

However, some other organisms causes diseases and lead to the death of other organisms.

Some organisms and their function is given below:

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Answer:

Metaphase

Explanation:

The metaphase is when chromosomes are lined up and each sister chromatid is attached to a spindle fiber, which will place all of the chromosomes in the proper place in the cell.

Answer:

D.) Metaphase i took the quiz

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation: In the SIR model , the time to recover depends on several factors ,s

uch as the characteristics of the disease, effectiveness of treatment and the individual's immune response. The variable y is not typically used in SIR , so it is unclear how it relates to the time recover .

 In SIR model, the recovery rate is reperesented by " 1/ gamma" Where gamma is a recovery rate . The recovery rate is the inverse of the average duration of the infectious period. So, if the infectious period is 5 , then the recovery rate would be 1/5 or 0.2.

Answer:

That is a bacteria cell

A - pilus/pili

B - capsule

C - cell wall

D - plasma membrane

E - DNA in nucleoid

Explanation:

Answer:

33.That is a bacteria cell

34.

A - pilus

B - capsule

C- cell wall

D - plasma membrane

E - DNA in nucleoid

Answer: i gotchu

Explanation: The duplicated chromosomes are split up and distributed.

Hopefully, this helps you.

Answer:

I gotcha!

Explanation:

The cell cycle consists of interphase and the mitotic phase. During interphase, the cell grows and the nuclear DNA is duplicated. Interphase is followed by the mitotic phase. During mitotic phase, duplicated chromosomes are segregated and distributed into daughter nuclei.