What scientific observation did Edwin Hubble use to determine distances between galaxies? A As the light source passes Earth, the wavelength increases as the frequency increases, B As the light source moves toward Earth, the wavelength decreases as the frequency increases, C As the light source moves away from Earth, the wavelength increases as the frequency decreases. D As the light source affects the gravity of Earth, the wavelength decreases as the frequency decreases.
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Edwin Hubble used the scientific observation that as the light source moves away from Earth, the wavelength increases as the frequency decreases.
Edwin Hubble made use of the phenomenon known as the redshift to determine distances between galaxies. The redshift is the observation that the wavelength of light from distant celestial objects, such as galaxies, appears to increase as the source of light moves away from Earth. This shift towards longer wavelengths is referred to as a redshift because it shifts the light towards the red end of the electromagnetic spectrum. Hubble observed that the amount of redshift observed in the light from galaxies was directly proportional to the distance between Earth and those galaxies. This correlation is now known as Hubble's law. By measuring the amount of redshift in the light from various galaxies, Hubble was able to estimate their distances from Earth. This groundbreaking observation provided evidence for the expansion of the universe and led to the development of the concept of the Big Bang theory.
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Related Questions
please answer quick!!!!
Answers
Sodium: one
Calcium: two
Zinc: two
Xenon: eight
Identify one abiotic factor present in a pond ecosystem and explain how this abiotic factor would affect the frogs in a pond
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suppose i grew escherichia coli in the presence of a radioactive isotope of phosphorous, 32p. in what molecules and parts of the cell would i find the radioactive material?
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If you grew Escherichia coli in the presence of a radioactive isotope of phosphorus, 32P, the radioactive material would be incorporated into the DNA and RNA of the cell, as well as into various cellular compounds containing phosphorus such as ATP, phospholipids, and other phosphorylated compounds.
Phosphorus is a critical component of the molecule that makes up the genetic material in cells, DNA. As the cell grows and divides, it will incorporate the radioactive 32P into its DNA, making it possible to trace the movement and behavior of this isotope within the cell.
Additionally, the radioactive 32P will be incorporated into the cell's RNA molecules, which are involved in the transfer of genetic information from DNA to the cellular machinery that carries out the instructions encoded in the DNA.
The radioactive 32P will also be incorporated into other cellular compounds, such as ATP, the energy currency of the cell, as well as into phospholipids, which are a key component of the cell membrane, and other phosphorylated compounds.
By monitoring the distribution of the radioactive 32P within the cell, researchers can gain insights into the metabolic processes and the regulation of these processes, including DNA replication, RNA synthesis, and cellular energy production.
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In the process of respiration, organisms generally
a. use oxygen and give off carbon dioxide
b. use nitrogen and give off carbon dioxide
c. use carbon dioxide and give off oxygen
d. use carbon dioxide and give off nitrogen
Answers
Answer:
A
Explanation:
During respiration organisms use up oxygen given off by plants and give off carbon dioxide as by product
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Answers
Answer:
The Full Moon goes with the left column box that is the 4th box down.
Explanation:
I hope this helps a little bit.
Answer:
New Moon: The fifth one
Waxing Crescent: The sixth one
First Quarter: The seventh one
Waxing Gibbous: The eighth one
Full Moon: The fourth one
Waning Gibbous: The second one
Third Quarter: The first one
Waning Crescent: The third one
Please help serious inquiries only
Answers
Answer:
it matches with a specific antigen
Using the following mRNA strand, show a substitution mutation.
AUU GAA GUC ACG
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Answer: ACG ". AAT Asn (N) AAC " AAA Lys (K) AAG ". AGT Ser (S) AGC " AGA Arg (R) ... GAA Glu (E)
Explanation:
Why is it important for an organism to have high fitness (the ability to survive and make a lot of offspring)?
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Answer:
An organism with high fitness has adaptations that are well suited to their environment allowing them survive and reproduce. An organism with low fitness has characteristics that are not well suited to their environment meaning they almost certainly die without reproducing.
Explanation:
why a termeric stain on a white shirt is turned to red when it is washed with soap
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Answer:
Curry contains turmeric powder and soap is basic in nature. ... Hence, when soap (which is basic in nature) is scrubbed on the stain, the stain turns red. When the cloth is washed with plenty of water, the soap is removed and the yellow colour of the stain reappears.
Explanation:
A person has one of their lower arms removed in a procedure known as an amputation. After this, what will be the total number of bones in their appendicular skeleton?
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A person has one of their lower arms removed in a procedure known as an amputation therefore the total number of bones in their appendicular skeleton will be 125.
What is a Skeleton?This is referred to as the structural frame that supports the body of an animal and it consists of bones which are living tissues and help provide structural integrity. They are also involved in the movement of various parts of the body for our daily activities.
The adult human skeleton is made up of 206 bones while the total number of bones in their appendicular skeleton is 126 and we were told that amputation occurred which led to the loss of one of the lower arms.
This therefore means that the total number of bones in their appendicular skeleton will be 126 - 1 = 125 which is therefore the reason why it was chosen as the correct choice.
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___________ are passed from parents to offspring, determining an offsprings traits. Responses A proteinsproteins B nucleinuclei C chromosomes
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Answer:
the answer is chromosomes
Explanation:
Why did earlier biologists consider the symbiotic origin of eukaryotic organelles such a radical idea - too fantastic for polite society
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Earlier biologists consider the symbiotic origin of eukaryotic organelles a radical idea because it was against the traditional evolution theory and there was little evidence about it.
What is the symbiotic origin of eukaryotic organelles?Eukaryotic organisms differ from prokaryotic ones due to specialized structures known as organelles.
The symbiotic origin of organelles suggests these structures first emerged when one smaller prokaryotic cell was ingested by a bigger one and over time the ingested cell.
Why was this theory controversial?There are two main reasons why this theory was controversial.
It was against the traditional evolution theory: In evolution one organism slowly changes through multiple generations to give origin to new organisms, which did not occur in the case of eukaryotic cells.There was little evidence about it: This theory was first proposed as an idea but there was no evidence about it. Because of this, it seemed to be a very inaccurate and crazy theory.Learn more about symbiotic in: https://brainly.com/question/8909525
What was discovered in the 1930s about genes that helped us understand evolution better.
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What flower only blooms every 100 years?
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Answer:
Agave ocahui
Explanation:
The correct answer is the
Agave ocahui grows in Chicago
Most superficial layer of the epidermis, characterized by dead, keratinized squamous cells.
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The stratum Corneum is the Most superficial layer of the epidermis, characterized by the dead, keratinized squamous cells.
It is the superficial and skin-deep layer of the epidermis. This layer of the skin is exposed to the exterior environment. It contains increased keratinization of the cells and its name is also based on it.
Stratum Corneum contains about 20 layers of cells and it is responsible for providing protection to the underlying soft and sensitive layers.
This layer is replaced after every 4 weeks because the old cells are shed off and the new cells are provided by stratum granulosum.
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what are the differences between an Onion peel that absorbed stain and onion peel that didn't absorb stain.
stain: Lactophenol cotton blue
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Each cell is made up of a cell wall, a central nucleus, a thin coating of cytoplasm, and a nucleus. The cells being studied are those of a plant since they all have cell walls and just a huge, noticeable vacuole.
What purposes serves lactophenol?One of the chemicals most frequently employed in traditional techniques for microscopic fungus analysis is lactophenol blue. The fungal cytoplasm is dyed, giving a vivid blue background, and utilized to make semipermanent & permanent microscopic sections.
What is stained by lactophenol blue?The mixture consists of three ingredients: phenol, which will kill any living things; lactic acid, which will preserve fungal structures; and cotton blue, which will stain the chitin in the cell walls of the fungi.
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what supports a cell and allows materials to move in and out of it
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The cell membrane supports a cell and allows materials to move in and out of it.
The cell membrane is the structure that supports a cell and allows materials to move in and out of it. It is a thin and flexible layer of lipids and proteins that surrounds the cell and separates the cell's internal environment from the external environment.
The cell membrane is selectively permeable, which means that certain materials can pass through while others cannot enter or leave the cell.
Diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, and endocytosis/exocytosis are some of the transport mechanisms used to accomplish this through cell membrane.
Thus, the cell membrane regulates the exchange of materials with the external environment, which helps to maintain the cell's integrity and function.
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Please help!!
response, be sure to answer all parts of the question. If the prompt asks you to describe, predict, infer, compare, analyze, list or identity, be sure to do just that. Be sure to put answers to ALL questions in The expectation is that you have one sentence for CLAIM, one or more for EVIDENCE
and one or more for REASONING for a total of 3 or more sentences in your answer.
PROMPT: During the formation of the Grand Canyon, a population of squirrels was
separated. Over time the squirrels, separated by the canyon walls and the Colorado River,
became two unique species. The Albert's squirrel population, which has grey fur was divided
and separated long enough that speciation was able to occur. A new species, Kaibab
squirrel which has black fur and a completely white fluffy tail developed distinct
characteristics to its new environment. Members of these two species have a similar size,
shape and diet but they are no longer in contact with each other and have become so
different that they are now unable to interbreed. Why did one species of squirrel become
two unique species?
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Answer:
Claim: The separation of the squirrels by the Grand Canyon and the Colorado River led to the formation of two unique species of squirrels.
Evidence: The Albert's squirrel population, which initially had grey fur, was divided and separated by the canyon walls and the Colorado River for a significant period of time, allowing for speciation to occur. Similarly, the Kaibab squirrel, which has black fur and a completely white fluffy tail, developed distinct characteristics in response to its new environment.
Reasoning: The separation of these two squirrel populations prevented them from interbreeding and allowed for genetic divergence to occur, leading to the development of distinct characteristics and the formation of two separate species. This demonstrates the important role that geographic isolation can play in the process of speciation.
Explanation:
Is this okay?
heat flows from matter with __________________ temperature to matter with ____________________ temperature
Answers
Answer:
warmer to cooler
Explanation:
Heat flows naturally from a warmer object (higher energy) to a cooler one (lower energy). As you add thermal energy to an object its temperature will increase. Name two factors that will affect how much the temperature of a substance will change.
How is carbon exchanged between the atmosphere and other compartments?
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Carbon is exchanged between the atmosphere and other compartments through various processes. These processes include photosynthesis, respiration, combustion, and decomposition.
During photosynthesis, plants and other organisms use carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to produce glucose and oxygen. This glucose is then used for energy or stored in plant tissues. During respiration, both plants and animals release carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere as they break down glucose for energy. Combustion, such as burning fossil fuels or forests, also releases carbon into the atmosphere. Decomposition of organic matter in soils and water also releases carbon into the atmosphere. Overall, these processes create a cycle of carbon exchange between the atmosphere and other compartments, such as living organisms, soils, and water bodies.
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Many types of plants produce fruit which is eaten by animals. The seeds of these plants are typically undigestible. Which of the following is an advantage for plants having undigestible seeds? It allows seeds to reside in the gut until conditions are appropriate for germination. It ensures that flowers of these plants will be pollinated. It allows the seeds to be dispersed into other areas. It provides a source of nutrients for the germinating seed.
Answers
The advantage for plants having undigestible seeds is that it allows seeds to reside in the gut until conditions are appropriate for germination.
Fruits are a source of nutrition for animals that consume them, and they are also a means of seed distribution for plants that produce them. Many types of plants generate fruit that is consumed by animals; nevertheless, the seeds of such plants are usually indigestible. As a result, the seeds can be dispersed into new areas by animals that eat the fruit.
However, having undigestible seeds provides a distinct benefit to plants: it allows seeds to reside in the gut until conditions are appropriate for germination, which aids in seed growth and germination.
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What part of the nervous system is responsible for blushing?
Answers
Answer:
sympathetic the sympathetic Nervous system
Explanation:
Answer:sympathetic nervous system. ✅
Please match the type of pyrogen with the statement that most accurately describes it to test your understanding of the mechanis behind fever 1. products of infectious agents 2. liberated by white blood cells during phagocytosis
Answers
Products of infectious agents: Endotoxins or exotoxins released by bacteria or other pathogens can act as pyrogens and induce fever.
Liberated by white blood cells during phagocytosis: Cytokines, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), released by white blood cells during phagocytosis, act as pyrogens and contribute to fever development.
Products of infectious agents:
Pyrogens derived from infectious agents, such as bacteria or other pathogens, can induce fever. These pyrogens include endotoxins and exotoxins that are released by the microorganisms during infection. Endotoxins are lipopolysaccharides found in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. When released into the bloodstream, they can trigger an immune response and stimulate the production of cytokines, which in turn signal the hypothalamus to raise the body's temperature set-point, leading to fever. Exotoxins are proteins secreted by certain bacteria that can directly stimulate the release of pyrogenic cytokines or affect the functioning of host cells, resulting in a fever response.
Liberated by white blood cells during phagocytosis:
During phagocytosis, white blood cells, specifically macrophages, engulf and destroy foreign substances, such as bacteria or cellular debris. As part of this process, these cells release various cytokines, which act as pyrogens. Cytokines involved in fever induction include interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). These cytokines travel through the bloodstream and reach the brain's thermoregulatory center in the hypothalamus. There, they interact with receptors and cause the release of prostaglandins, particularly prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). PGE2 acts on the hypothalamus to increase the body's temperature set-point, leading to fever.
In summary, products of infectious agents, such as endotoxins and exotoxins, can serve as pyrogens and induce fever by stimulating the release of cytokines. Additionally, cytokines released by white blood cells during phagocytosis, including IL-1, TNF-alpha, and IL-6, act as pyrogens and contribute to fever development by altering the body's temperature set-point.
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What is the probability of getting the same numbers on 3 dice when they are thrown simultaneously?
Answers
Answer:
So, assuming the dice are 'fair' (that each of the six numbers has a probability of 1/6 of showing up on each of the dice), there is a probability of 1/36 that all three dice will show the same number.
Explanation:
Muscle fatigue is caused by a buildup of _________ _______ in your muscles.
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The abundance of sodium leak channels in skeletal muscle is ______ the abundance of sodium leak channels in a typical neuron.
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The abundance of sodium channels in muscles is as important as the abundance of sodium leak channels in a typical neuron.
Sodium plays an essential role in the body, this includes important functions such as:
Intervening in the process of muscular contraction.Intervening in the process of interneural communication.This is possible through sodium channels in cells that allow sodium to enter or leave the cell at very specific times and this causes specific reactions in cells.
In neurons: Sodium channels are abundant and essential because due to the action of sodium signals are passed from one neuron to others.In muscles: Sodium channels are abundant and essential, especially in skeletal muscles. The role is sodium is to contract or relax muscles, which makes movement possible.Based on this, the presence of these channels in both neurons and skeletal muscles is equally important.
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If a new species of honeycreeper were discovered, and it had a short, straight beak, which bird in this puzzle would likely be its closest living relative?
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Answer:
The bird species that share the closest phenotypic characteristics are likely closest relatives.
Explanation:
Evolution theory states that species evolve gradually trough mutations (many of them are neutral), thereby those honeycreeper populations closest are more likely to share phenotypic features with each other.
Answer:
Po'oull
Explanation:
Symbiotic Relationship
Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism
Interaction
a tapeworm lives in the intestines of a dog
a bee visits a flower
a pilot fish swims with a shark
a coyote eats a rabbit
a tick lives in the skin of a bear
a cat chases a mouse
a bird rides on the back of a rhinoceros, eating ticks
a cattle egret follows a herd of cows eating small animals that the cows disturb
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Symbiotic relationships are interactions between two species that can be beneficial, neutral, or harmful to one or both species. There are three main types of symbiotic relationships: mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.
1. Mutualism: Both species benefit from the interaction. Examples include a bee visiting a flower (pollination and nectar gathering) and a bird riding on the back of a rhinoceros, eating ticks (bird gets food, rhinoceros gets rid of parasites).
2. Commensalism: One species benefits, while the other is neither harmed nor helped. An example is a pilot fish swimming with a shark (pilot fish gets protection, shark is not affected).
3. Parasitism: One species benefits at the expense of the other. Examples include a tick living in the skin of a bear (tick feeds on bear's blood, bear suffers) and a tapeworm living in the intestines of a dog (tapeworm feeds on dog's nutrients, dog suffers).
The other interactions mentioned, such as a coyote eating a rabbit, a cat chasing a mouse, and a cattle egret following a herd of cows, are examples of predation and are not considered symbiotic relationships.
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In red blood cells, lactate is continually produced as a consequence of their anaerobic metabolism. What is the energetic cost (to the liver) in ATP of converting this lactate back to glucose, per molecule of glucose generated?
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The energetic cost of converting lactate back to glucose per molecule of glucose generated is 6 ATPs.
Lactate is produced by anaerobic respiration in muscles when oxygen demand exceeds supply, causing fatigue. The liver converts the lactate back to glucose, which muscles can utilize for further energy production. There are two main pathways that produce ATP in human cells: aerobic respiration (requiring oxygen) and anaerobic respiration (not requiring oxygen).
During anaerobic respiration, energy is obtained from glucose without the use of oxygen. As a result of anaerobic metabolism, red blood cells generate lactate. Red blood cells are the only mammalian cells that lack mitochondria and consequently depend solely on anaerobic metabolism for energy production. This reliance on anaerobic metabolism has significant consequences, with lactate being continually produced as a byproduct.
The liver is responsible for converting lactate back to glucose in a process known as gluconeogenesis. It is an ATP-intensive process that consumes 6 ATP molecules per molecule of glucose generated, according to research.
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(2)
why might stem cells from human embryos be more useful than stem cells
from adults?
Answers
Answer:
Embryonic stem cells are more useful than the adults stem cells because;
* Embryonic stem cells have the ability to create any cell type in the human body while, the adults stem cells are more specialized( they generally make cells only from their tissue of origin).
They have the capacity to divide into additional stem cells or any kind of body cell.
What is the importance of stem cells of embryo?Embryonic stem cells can develop into any type of human cell, whereas adult stem cells are more specialized and typically can only produce cells from the tissue from which they originated.
Additionally, it is simple to produce embryonic stem cells in a lab setting. There is always the option to manufacture more cells as needed because the cells can be developed through cultures.
Since embryonic stem cells are pluripotent, they are more adaptable in scientific experiments than adult stem cells. Finding novel treatments for ailments, wounds, and organ failure is one of the possible advantages of studying embryos.
Therefore, Embryonic stem cells are more useful than the adults stem cells.
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