What property of water makes it move upward from the roots of plants?.

Answer:

Water added

Explanation:

The above option is the best that represents the missing step.

This process is known simply to be cellular respiration. It is also the reverse of photosynthesis.

In this process, food is broken down in a chemical reaction with oxygen. As this process occurs, carbon dioxide and water are the products. So, in this process, water is added as the product of the breaking down process.

Respiration is seen to be almost the exact opposite of photosynthesis. These two reactions help to maintain biological energy balance on earth.  

Answer:

A

Explanation:

A single mutation in the gene for the spike protein can indeed have a significant impact on the effectiveness of artificial active immunity or vaccination. In natural immunity, when an individual gets infected with a pathogen, the immune system generates a diverse range of antibodies that target multiple epitopes on the spike protein.

This ensures that even if one epitope mutates, the immune system can still recognize and neutralize the pathogen using other antibodies. However, in the case of vaccination, the immune system is exposed to a specific form of the spike protein, usually through a vaccine. As a result, the body predominantly creates monoclonal antibodies, which means they target only one specific epitope on the spike protein. If this epitope mutates, the monoclonal antibodies may no longer be able to recognize and bind to the mutated epitope. Consequently, the immune memory created through vaccination may become ineffective against the mutated form of the pathogen.

This highlights the challenge of developing vaccines against rapidly mutating pathogens. Vaccine developers need to consider the genetic variability of the target pathogen and design vaccines that elicit a broader immune response, targeting multiple epitopes or inducing more diverse antibody production. This can help overcome the limitation of monoclonal antibodies and enhance the durability of artificial active immunity.

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Answer:

What is hypogastric;  lower

Explanation:

the urinary bladder, found in the HYPOGASTRIC region of the abdominopelvic cavity, is evenly divided between the two LOWER abdominopelvic quadrants.

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Adjustable Life was developed in an effort to provide the policy owner with the best of both worlds (term and permanent coverage).

Adjustable lifestyle insurance defines as the time duration and complete life hybrid insurance map that permits policyholders the other alternates to alter policy features.

An adjustable life policy can also be assumed in the form of either permanent insurance or term insurance. It insured the need for coverage and the affordable amount of premium.

Therefore, it is a true statement.

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Answer: B

Explanation:

The corals and algae have a mutualistic relationship. The coral provides the algae with a protected environment and compounds they need for photosynthesis. In return, the algae produce oxygen and help the coral to remove wastes.

Answer:

Translation

Explanation:

During translation, a cell “reads” the information in a messenger RNA (mRNA) and uses it to build a protein. ... Each three-letter sequence of mRNA nucleotides corresponds to a specific amino acid, or to a stop codon.

Answer: Commensalism’s literal translation from Latin is “to eat at the same table”, is a formality of symbiosis(relationship btwn 2 organisms).

Explanation:

Answer:

Tiny cell structures, called organelles, carry out specific functions within the cell. Similar to the way your stomach, lungs, and heart have different functions in your body, each organelle has a different function within the cell.

These small cell structures are called organelles that perform specific functions within the cell. Just as the stomach, lungs, and heart have different functions in the body, each organelle has a different function within the cell.

An organelle is defined as a subcellular structure that has one or more specific functions for the cell to perform, such as an organ in the body. The more important cell organelles are the nucleus, which stores genetic information; mitochondria, which generate chemical energy; and ribosomes, which assemble proteins.

It's the specific structure within a cell, and there are many different types of organelles also called vesicles within the cell and they actually have a function that's important, because we need to compartmentalize all the functions within the cell.

Thus, these small cell structures are called organelles that perform specific functions within the cell. Just as the stomach, lungs, and heart have different functions in the body, each organelle has a different function within the cell.

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If both parents have orange flowers, their genotypes would be RY. When determining the odds of a plant having red flowers, we need to consider the possible combinations of genes that the offspring can inherit from its parents. The odds that a plant will have red flowers if both of its parents have orange flowers is 1 out of 2, or 1/2.

In this case, there are two possible combinations:

Offspring inherits the R gene from one parent and the Y gene from the other parent (RY)

Offspring inherits the Y gene from both parents (YY)

Since the R gene produces red flowers, only the first combination (RY) would result in red flowers. The second combination (YY) would result in yellow flowers.

Therefore, the odds that a plant will have red flowers if both of its parents have orange flowers is 1 out of 2, or 1/2.

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Answer: Photosynthesis makes the glucose that is used in cellular respiration to make ATP. ... While photosynthesis requires carbon dioxide and releases oxygen, cellular respiration requires oxygen and releases carbon dioxide. It is the released oxygen that is used by us and most other organisms for cellular respiration.

Answer:

The sun / The UV lights that the sun emit

Explanation:

Dogwood and oak trees are two kinds of plants found in a forest. These trees and other forest plants get the energy they need for making food from Sun that is the solar energy which the plants use to produce sugar. Sun is the basic source that is used for photosynthesis.

Glucose is the end product of photosynthesis which is the ultimate source of energy for plants.

Photosynthesis usually takes place in 4 steps where the first step is the absorption of light where the light from sun is absorbed by stomata and the various reactions that take place in the light are called as the light reactions.

Transfer of light helps to electrons to excite and the excitation of electrons helps to make new products various phosophorylation reactions that is the production of ATP is taking place or the lysis of the product is taking place as well.

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Answer:

They are both editable

Explanation:

Skeletal tissue includes bones, which form the framework of the body. It also anchors the muscles and helps in movement

Answer:

Explanation:

The Three Bees - Types of honey bees in a hive

There are different types of bees in a honey bee hive: Worker, Drone and Queen. Each has its own important roles and performs specific duties in a bee colony.

can you choose me brainliest? thx

CSF travels rostrally over the telencephalon or down the vertebral canal from the subarachnoid area at the base of the brain. The corpus callosum region does not have any perfusion of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Brain tissue that surrounds the left ventricle produces brain tissue. It circulates throughout and within the brain and spinal cord to replenish and safeguard them against harm.

The clear liquid cushioning your spinal cord and mind as it travels surrounding them, draws nourishment from your bloodstream as needed, that flushes out waste from inner brain cells.

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The condition at which high levels of transcription of structural genes occur in an inducible operon starts when the pathway's substrate is present.

Prokaryotic operons are frequently regulated by repressors binding to operator regions, blocking structural gene transcription.

These operons are characterized as either repressible or inducible. Repressible operons, like as the tryptophan (trp) operon, often comprise genes that encode enzymes necessary for a metabolic process.

A repressible operon will continue to be expressed as long as the pathway's product, such as tryptophan, is required by the cell. When the product of the biosynthetic pathway begins to accumulate in the cell, the operon's expression is suppressed since the cell no longer needs to generate more.

In contrast, inducible operons, such as E. coli's lac operon, frequently contain genes producing enzymes in a pathway involved in the metabolism of a particular substrate, such as lactose. Because these enzymes are only needed when the substrate is present, operon expression is normally activated only when the substrate is present.

The correct answer is option B.

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Answer:

water for first

sugar for second

oxygen for third

During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water are converted through a series of reactions into two products: high-energy sugars and oxygen gas.

Photosynthesis is the process in which plants, algae and some bacteria uses sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugar and oxygen. The process chemically converts carbon dioxide (\(CO_2\)) and water  (\(H_2O\)) into food (sugars) and oxygen.

The chemical reaction depends on a pigment called chlorophyll because of this plant obtain green colour. Our planet is enveloped in an oxygen-rich atmosphere due to this photosynthesis.

There are two types of photosynthesis:

1. Oxygenic Photosynthesis

In this process, light energy transfers the electron from the water which is taken up by plant roots to Carbon Dioxide to produce Carbohydrates. In this transfer, the \(CO_2\) is "reduced," and the water is "oxidized." This process occurs in plants, algae and bacteria.

2. Anoxygenic Photosynthesis

In this process, uses electron donors that are not water and the process does not generate oxygen. The process occurs in bacteria such as green sulfur bacteria and phototrophic purple bacteria.

Thus, during photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water are converted through a series of reactions into two products: high-energy sugars and oxygen gas.

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Answer:

A. Turtles and birds

Explanation:

Turtles use their shells to protect themselves from predators and birds use flight to escape

Aldosterone is not released by the heart-produced hormone ANP, which lowers blood pressure and blood volume.

ANP is a cardiac hormone whose gene and receptors are found in large quantities throughout the body. Its primary roles are to reduce blood pressure and regulate electrolyte balance.

The hormone atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), which is released by the heart's atria, reduces blood volume and blood pressure by inducing vasodilation and encouraging the kidneys to eliminate more water and sodium. The hormone that is released by the human heart is called an atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). Another hormone made by the heart is ventricular natriuretic peptide, commonly known as brain natriuretic peptide.

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Answer:

Germination is the process by which the seed embryo begins growth. A seed is considered to have germinated when the embryonic root emerges from the seed coat. ... Three major stages in the germination process are the imbibition of water, increased metabolic activity, and swelling of cells.

Answer:

The three stages in the germination are the imbibition of water, increased metabolic activity, and swelling of cells.

Explanation:

Answer:

The overall (unbalanced) chemical equation for cellular respiration is: C6H12O6+O2→CO2+H2O+energy.

Answer: B. It decreases activation energy.

Explanation: A regular reaction has high activation energy required for the reaction to occur. Enzymes act as catalysts that decrease activation energy and speed up the reaction.

The mechanisms that regulate fluid intake are increased salivation, reduced salivation, reduced blood pressure, and increased osmolarity. All these processes are controlled by the thirst mechanism.

Fluid is a substance that flows freely and has no definite shape of its own. Fluids include liquids, gases, and plasmas. They are the only state of matter that can be deformed by stress continuously.

Salivation is the act of producing saliva, a watery fluid secreted by the salivary glands in the mouth. Saliva has many functions, including aiding in digestion, neutralizing acid, and preventing tooth decay.

The following mechanisms do not regulate fluid intake:

Thus, the correct options are : option a, b, c, e

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Oil spills can possibly kill the phytoplankton as well as the algae which rely on sunlight penetrating ocean water

An oil spill is basically the release of the liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment, especially when released into the marine ecosystem, mostly due to human activity, and it is basically a form of pollution. The term is most commonly used to describe marine oil spills where the oil is released into the coastal waters or the oceans.

Oil spills can possibly kill the phytoplankton as well as the algae which rely on sunlight penetrating ocean water. Since the oil is dark and forms a layer above the water, it can prevent light from reaching these marine organisms. A drop in populations of producers also eventually harms the consumers.

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Electrophoresis is a technique commonly used in the lab to separate charged molecules, like DNA, according to size.

Gel electrophoresis is a technique commonly used in laboratories to separate charged molecules like DNA?, RNA? and proteins? according to their size.

Charged molecules move through a gel when an electric current is passed across it.

An electric current is applied across the gel so that one end of the gel has a positive charge and the other end has a negative charge.

The movement of charged molecules is called migration. Molecules migrate towards the opposite charge. A molecule with a negative charge will therefore be pulled towards the positive end (opposites attract!).

The gel consists of a permeable matrix, a bit like a sieve, through which molecules can travel when an electric current is passed across it.

Smaller molecules migrate through the gel more quickly and therefore travel further than larger fragments that migrate more slowly and therefore will travel a shorter distance. As a result the molecules are separated by size.

Gel electrophoresis and DNA

Electrophoresis enables you to distinguish DNA fragments of different lengths.

DNA is negatively charged, therefore, when an electric current is applied to the gel, DNA will migrate towards the positively charged electrode.

Shorter strands of DNA move more quickly through the gel than longer strands resulting in the fragments being arranged in order of size.

The use of dyes, fluorescent? tags or radioactive? labels enables the DNA on the gel to be seen after they have been separated. They will appear as bands on the gel.

A DNA marker with fragments of known lengths is usually run through the gel at the same time as the samples.

By comparing the bands of the DNA samples with those from the DNA marker, you can work out the approximate length of the DNA fragments in the samples.

How is gel electrophoresis carried out?

Preparing the gel

Agarose gels? are typically used to visualise fragments of DNA. The concentration of agarose used to make the gel depends on the size of the DNA fragments you are working with.

The higher the agarose concentration, the denser the matrix and vice versa. Smaller fragments of DNA are separated on higher concentrations of agarose whilst larger molecules require a lower concentration of agarose.

To make a gel, agarose powder is mixed with an electrophoresis buffer and heated to a high temperature until all of the agarose powder has melted.

The molten gel is then poured into a gel casting tray and a “comb” is placed at one end to make wells for the sample to be pipetted into.

Once the gel has cooled and solidified (it will now be opaque rather than clear) the comb is removed.

Many people now use pre-made gels.

The gel is then placed into an electrophoresis tank and electrophoresis buffer is poured into the tank until the surface of the gel is covered. The buffer conducts the electric current. The type of buffer used depends on the approximate size of the DNA fragments in the sample.

Preparing the DNA for electrophoresis

A dye is added to the sample of DNA prior to electrophoresis to increase the viscosity of the sample which will prevent it from floating out of the wells and so that the migration of the sample through the gel can be seen.

A DNA marker (also known as a size standard or a DNA ladder) is loaded into the first well of the gel. The fragments in the marker are of a known length so can be used to help approximate the size of the fragments in the samples.

The prepared DNA samples are then pipetted into the remaining wells of the gel.

When this is done the lid is placed on the electrophoresis tank making sure that the orientation of the gel and positive and negative electrodes is correct (we want the DNA to migrate across the gel to the positive end).

Separating the fragments

The electrical current is then turned on so that the negatively charged DNA moves through the gel towards the positive side of the gel.

Shorter lengths of DNA move faster than longer lengths so move further in the time the current is run.

The distance the DNA has migrated in the gel can be judged visually by monitoring the migration of the loading buffer dye.

The electrical current is left on long enough to ensure that the DNA fragments move far enough across the gel to separate them, but not so long that they run off the end of the gel.

Illustration of DNA electrophoresis equipment used to separate DNA fragments by size. A gel sits within a tank of buffer. The DNA samples are placed in wells at one end of the gel and an electrical current passed across the gel. The negatively-charged DNA moves towards the postive electrode. Image credit: Genome Research Limited

tank.

Answer:

glycolysis in the cytoplasm

Explanation:

~ Fermentation and cellular respiration are alike in that they both begin with a series of reactions known as glycolysis, which breaks glucose molecules into smaller pyruvate molecules. They are also similar in that during both processes, ATP is produced for the cell to use.

The part of the semicircular canals that contains autonomic neurons is the ampulla.

The semicircular canals are part of the inner ear and play a role in our sense of balance. They contain a fluid called endolymph, which moves in response to head movements.

The ampulla is a structure at the base of each semicircular canal. It contains sensory hair cells that are responsible for detecting the movement of endolymph. These hair cells are connected to autonomic neurons, which send signals to the brain about the position and movement of the head.

In summary, the ampulla is the part of the semicircular canals that contains autonomic neurons, and plays a crucial role in our sense of balance.

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Aristotle postulated "the soul" as the mechanism that coordinates information from the five senses.

Aristotle, a Greek philosopher, postulated that the soul is the mechanism that coordinates information from the five senses. He argued that the soul is the principle of life for the body and that the senses are the basis of all knowledge of the external world. Aristotle's contributions to the study of the senses were significant. He was the first to propose the idea of sensation, which refers to the experience of perceiving the world around us through our senses. He believed that the senses are active, rather than passive and that they operate by interacting with the environment. Aristotle's ideas about the senses were influential in the development of modern philosophy and psychology.

According to Aristotle, perception assumes (sensible) shape independently of materiality. Aristotle is concerned in how a creature absorbs elements of its surroundings in both situations. Since matter is taken on in the case of nourishment, assimilation is strictly physiological.

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