What is true about covalent compounds?
Select all that apply.

They mostly form molecules.

They are made from ions.

They have freely-moving electrons.

They can be gases, liquids, or solids

The amount, in kJ, of heat needed to completely vaporize 50.0g of water at 100°C is 118.8 kJ.

The heat needed to completely vaporize 50.0g of water at 100°C can be calculated using the following formula:

q = m x Hv

where:

First, we need to convert 50.0g to moles by dividing by the molar mass of water which is approximately 18.015 g/mol3:

moles of water = 50.0 g / 18.015 g/mol moles of water = 2.776 mol

Thus:

q = (2.776 mol) x (40.65 kJ/mol) q = 112.8 kJ

In other words, 112.8 kJ of heat is needed to completely vaporize 50.0g of water at 100°C.

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Answer:

Explanation:

To find the volume when the pressure is changed to 546 kPa , we use the formula for Boyle's law which is

\(P_1V_1 = P_2V_2\)

where

P1 is the initial pressure

P2 is the final pressure

V1 is the initial volume

V2 is the final volume

Since we are finding the final volume

\(V_2 = \frac{P_1V_1}{P_2} \\\)

We have

\(V_2 = \frac{384000 \times 590}{546000} = \frac{226560000}{546000} \\ = 414.945054...\)

We have the final answer as

Hope this helps you

Answer:

28.466256

Explanation:

No, Ag₂SO₄ will not precipitate when 100ml of .050M AgNO3 is mixed with 10ml of 5x10-2 m Na₂SO₄ solution because the precipitate is made only in an aqueous solution.

Precipitation is the solid extract that is collect in a place. Precipitate is the concentration of the substance in a solution in a specific place.

Thus, No, Ag₂SO₄ will not precipitate when 100ml of .050M AgNO3 is mixed with 10ml of 5x10-2 m Na₂SO₄ solution because the precipitate is made only in an aqueous solution.

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Answer:

VIDEO ANSWER: This question, we're starting with 2370 square inches, and we want to convert this to square centimeters.

Explanation:

.

The energy change when the temperature of 0.950 kg of water decreased from 103 °C to 60.5 °C is 2308.87 kJ.

The heat energy change when the temperature of 0.950 kg of water decreased from 103 °C to 60.5 °C is determined from the formulas below:

Heat change 1 = Heat capacity as gas * moles * temperature change

Heat change 2 = Heat of vaporization, ΔHvap * moles

Heat change 3 = Heat capacity as liquid, Cp (l) * moles * temperature change

moles of water = 950 kg * 1000 g/kg * 1 mol/ 18g = 52.78 mole

Heat change 1 = 33.6 * 52.78 * (103 - 100) = 5320.224 J

Heat change 2 = 40.67 * 1000 * 52.78 = 2146562.6 J

Heat change 3 = 75.3 * 52.78 * (100 - 60.5) = 156986.193 J

Total heat change = 5320.224 J + 2146562.6 J + 156986.193 J

Total heat change = 2308869.017 J = 2308.87 kJ

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Answer:

x/2

Explanation:

X = 2 molecules of H2

For 2 molecules of H2, there's only 1 molecule of O2. Meaning, there's twice the amount of H2, so O2 = x/2 molecules.

I hope I'm understanding this question right.

The measure of the length of events and the duration of intervals between events is time.

The duration of events or the gaps between them can be measured, compared, or even ordered using time. The lengthy period of time that the Earth's geologic history takes up is known as geologic time. Starting at the beginning of the Archean Eon  formal geologic time runs until the present. Geology is defined as the "Science of the Earth."

Geology is the fundamental Earth science that examines how the earth created, its structure and composition, and the various forces acting on it. It is sometimes known as geoscience or earth science.

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There are 0.84 moles of aluminum ions (Al3+) present in 0.42 mol of Al2(SO4)3.

To determine the number of moles of aluminum ions (Al3+) present in 0.42 mol of Al2(SO4)3, we need to consider the stoichiometry of the compound.

The formula of aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3) indicates that for every 1 mole of the compound, there are 2 moles of aluminum ions (Al3+). This means that the mole ratio of Al3+ to Al2(SO4)3 is 2:1.

Given that we have 0.42 mol of Al2(SO4)3, we can calculate the moles of Al3+ as follows:

Moles of Al3+ = 0.42 mol Al2(SO4)3 x (2 mol Al3+ / 1 mol Al2(SO4)3)

Moles of Al3+ = 0.42 mol Al2(SO4)3 x 2

Moles of Al3+ = 0.84 mol Al3+

Therefore, there are 0.84 moles of aluminum ions (Al3+) present in 0.42 mol of Al2(SO4)3.

It's important to note that the stoichiometry of the compound determines the mole ratio between the different species involved in the chemical formula. In this case, the 2:1 ratio of Al3+ to Al2(SO4)3 allows us to determine the number of moles of Al3+ based on the given amount of Al2(SO4)3.

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After the reaction is complete, no nitrogen and no hydrogen molecules remain, and 8.00 x 1014 molecules of NH3 are produced.

In the equation, nitrogen and hydrogen react at a high temperature, in the presence of a catalyst, to produce ammonia, according to the balanced chemical equation:N2(g)+3H2(g)⟶2NH3(g)The coefficients of each molecule suggest that one molecule of nitrogen reacts with three molecules of hydrogen to create two molecules of ammonia.

So, to determine how many molecules of ammonia are produced when four nitrogen and nine hydrogen molecules are present, we must first determine which of the two reactants is the limiting reactant.

To find the limiting reactant, the number of moles of each reactant present in the equation must be determined.

Calculations:
Nitrogen (N2) molecules = 4Hence, the number of moles of N2 = 4/6.02 x 1023 mol-1 = 6.64 x 10-24 mol
Hydrogen (H2) molecules = 9Hence, the number of moles of H2 = 9/6.02 x 1023 mol-1 = 1.50 x 10-23 mol

Now we have to calculate the number of moles of NH3 produced when the number of moles of nitrogen and hydrogen are known, i.e., mole ratio of N2 and H2 is 1:3.

The mole ratio of N2 to NH3 is 1:2; thus, for every 1 mole of N2 consumed, 2 moles of NH3 are produced.
The mole ratio of H2 to NH3 is 3:2; thus, for every 3 moles of H2 consumed, 2 moles of NH3 are produced.
From these mole ratios, it can be observed that the limiting reactant is nitrogen.

Calculation for NH3 production:
Nitrogen (N2) moles = 6.64 x 10-24 moles
The mole ratio of N2 to NH3 is 1:2; therefore, moles of NH3 produced is 2 × 6.64 × 10−24 = 1.33 × 10−23 moles.

Now, to determine how many molecules of NH3 are produced, we need to convert moles to molecules.
1 mole = 6.02 x 1023 molecules
Thus, 1.33 x 10-23 moles of NH3 = 8.00 x 1014 molecules of NH3 produced.

To find the amount of each reactant remaining after the reaction is complete, we must first determine how many moles of nitrogen are consumed, then how many moles of hydrogen are consumed, and then subtract these from the initial number of moles of each reactant.

The moles of nitrogen consumed = 4 moles × 1 mole/1 mole N2 × 2 mole NH3/1 mole N2 = 8 moles NH3
The moles of hydrogen consumed = 9 moles × 2 mole NH3/3 mole H2 × 2 mole NH3/1 mole N2 = 4 moles NH3
Thus, the moles of nitrogen remaining = 6.64 × 10−24 mol – 8 × 2/3 × 6.02 × 10^23 mol-1 = 5.06 × 10−24 mol
The moles of hydrogen remaining = 1.50 × 10−23 mol – 4 × 2/3 × 6.02 × 10^23 mol-1 = 8.77 × 10−24 mol

Finally, the number of molecules of each reactant remaining can be calculated as follows:
Number of N2 molecules remaining = 5.06 × 10−24 mol × 6.02 × 10^23 molecules/mol = 3.05 × 10−1 molecules ≈ 0 molecules
Number of H2 molecules remaining = 8.77 × 10−24 mol × 6.02 × 10^23 molecules/mol = 5.28 × 10−1 molecules ≈ 0 molecules.

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71.26 g of Al2O3 can form from 37.7 g of Al.

The balanced chemical equation is:

4Al(s) + 3O2(g) ⟶ 2Al2O3(s)

From the equation, we can see that 4 moles of Al react with 3 moles of O2 to form 2 moles of Al2O3. This means that the mole ratio of Al to Al2O3 is 4:2 or 2:1.

To determine how many grams of Al2O3 can form from 37.7 g of Al, we need to use the mole ratio and the molar mass of Al2O3.

Calculate the number of moles of Al:

molar mass of Al = 26.98 g/mol

moles of Al = mass/molar mass = 37.7 g / 26.98 g/mol = 1.397 mol

Use the mole ratio to determine the number of moles of Al2O3 that can form:

moles of Al2O3 = 1.397 mol Al × (2 mol Al2O3 / 4 mol Al) = 0.6985 mol Al2O3

Calculate the mass of Al2O3 using its molar mass:

molar mass of Al2O3 = 101.96 g/mol

mass of Al2O3 = moles of Al2O3 × molar mass = 0.6985 mol × 101.96 g/mol = 71.26 g

Therefore, 71.26 g of Al2O3 can form from 37.7 g of Al.

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The amount of heat energy produced when 1 g of hydrogen and 2 g of nitrogen are reacted, is -6.61 KJ

First, we shall obtain the limiting reactant. Details below:

3H₂ + N₂ -> 2NH₃

From the balanced equation above,

28 g of N₂ reacted with 6 g of H₂

Therefore,

2 g of N₂ will react with = (2 × 6) / 28 = 0.43 g of H₂

We can see that only 0.43 g of H₂ is needed in the reaction.

Thus, the limiting reactant is N₂

Finally, we the amount of heat energy produced. Details below:

3H₂ + N₂ -> 2NH₃ ΔH = -92.6 KJ

From the balanced equation above,

When 28 grams of N₂ reacted, -92.6 KJ of heat energy were produced.

Therefore,

When 2 grams of N₂ will react to produce = (2 × -92.6) / 28 = -6.61 KJ

Thus the heat energy produced from the reaction is -6.61 KJ

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Answer:

A: Both models represent atoms with the same atomic number.

Explanation:

The atomic number equals the number of protons.

The correct statement is that both models represent atoms with the same atomic number.

Isotopes are those molecules which are having the same atomic numbers but different atomic masses.

In the given model both they have the same number of electrons and protons it means they are not ions, but are having different atomic masses as number of neutrons are different.

Hence both models represent atoms with the same atomic number.

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Answer:

dfgh

Explanation:

Answer:

\(\Delta _{comb}H=-2,093\frac{kJ}{mol}\)

Explanation:

Hello!

In this case, since these calorimetry problems are characterized by the fact that the calorimeter absorbs the heat released by the combustion of the substance, we can write:

\(Q_{rxn}+Q_{cal}=0\)

Thus, given the temperature change and the total heat capacity, we obtain the following total heat of reaction:

\(Q_{rxn}=-14.01kJ/K*3.69K\\\\Q_{rxn}=-51.70kJ\)

Now, by dividing by the moles in 1.04 g of cyclopropane (42.09 g/mol) we obtain the enthalpy of combustion of this fuel:

\(n=\frac{1.04g}{42.09g/mol}=0.0247mol\\\\\Delta _{comb}H=\frac{Q_{rxn}}{n}\\\\ \Delta _{comb}H=-2,093\frac{kJ}{mol}\)

Best regards!

The enthalpy of combustion of cyclopropane is \(\Delta _c_o_m_b H= - 2.093 kJ/mol\)

Enthalpy of combustion is the amount of heat produced when one mole of substance completely burns.

By the formula of calorimetry

\(Q_r_x_n + Q_c_a_l = 0\)

The temperature change and total heat capacity is

\(Q_r_x_n = -14.01 KJ/K \times 3.69 K\\\\Q_r_x_n = -51.70 KJ\)

Now, we get the enthalpy of combustion by dividing by the moles of 1.04 g of cyclopropane.

The number of moles is 42.09 g/mol.

\(n = \dfrac{1.4}{42.09} = 0.0247\\\\\Delta_c_o_m_bH =\dfrac{Q_r_x_n}{n} \\\\\Delta_c_o_m_bH = -2.093\; kJ/mol\)

Thus, the enthalpy of combustion is -2.093 kJ/mol

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Digital road maps are different from paper and road maps in that they allow users to plan routes before a trip, they can be used anywhere in the world, and they can be updated almost immediately. They also show both major and minor roads in a region.

Digital road maps are a type of digital map that is based on GIS data. This data is collected from various sources and is used to create a detailed representation of the real world.  The digital road map allows the user to zoom in and out and to see different levels of detail, depending on their needs. They also allow the user to search for specific locations, find directions, and plan routes before they begin their trip.

On the other hand, paper maps are usually printed on paper and can be difficult to read in low light conditions. They are also limited in the amount of detail that they can show, and they may not always be up-to-date.

Road maps, on the other hand, are a type of map that shows roads and highways in a region. They may include some additional features such as rest areas, gas stations, and other points of interest. Road maps are typically printed on paper and are often used for navigation while driving. They are not as detailed as digital road maps, and they can quickly become outdated as new roads are built.

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Large-scale convection currents create divergent plate boundaries in science.

This refers to vertical motion organized on a larger scale than atmospheric free convection, it is associated with cumulus clouds. Examples of large-scale convection currents patterns of vertical motion is hurricanes or migratory cyclones.

Large convection currents in the aesthenosphere send heat to the surface, where plumes of less dense magma break apart the plates at the spreading centers, giving rise to divergent plate boundaries.

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Neutrons are the particles that James Chadwick first identified as having no electric charge. Isotopes have variable numbers of neutrons despite having the same amount of protons.

The positively charged particles called protons are found in the atom's nucleus. The strong force, which is stronger at short distances, pulls the protons together while the electromagnetic force pushes them apart.

Isotopes are variations of chemical elements that have a varied number of neutrons but the same number of protons and electrons. To put it another way, isotopes are variations of elements that have different nucleons.

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Answer:

a. CH3NH2(aq) + H⁺ → CH3NH3⁺

Explanation:

The mixture of a weak base as CH3NH2 with its conjugate acid CH3NH3Cl produce a buffer. As the weak acid is in equilibrium with water, the mixture of the weak base and its conjugate base produce that the acid or base released react avoiding the change in pH.

For example, when a strong acid as HNO3 reacts, the weak base will react producing the conjugate base, that is:

CH3NH2(aq) + H⁺ → CH3NH3⁺

Right answer is:

This problem is asking for the consumption of silver ions when silver nitrate is reacted with copper. In such a case, since no masses are given, we can use the following from similar problems:

Mass of empty beaker: 110.000 g

Mass of beaker with silver nitrate (after all additions) and copper: 331.634 g.

Mass of beaker with silver: 113.395 g.

This means we can write the following chemical equation:

\(Cu+2AgNO_3\rightarrow Cu(NO_3)_2+2Ag\)

And thus calculate the mass of silver nitrate that will produce the following mass of silver:

\(m_{Ag}^{produced}=113.395g-110.000g=3.395g\)

Next, we use the 2:2 mole ratio of silver to silver nitrate (silver ions source):

\(3.395gAg*\frac{1molAg}{107.87gAg}*\frac{2molAgNO_3}{2molAg} *\frac{169.87gAgNO_3}{1molAgNO_3} = 5.35gAgNO_3\)

The step will be defined for the given mass of available silver nitrate which will be compared to 5.35 g (consumed mass) to see if they are the same (all consumed) or different (partial consumption).

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Answer:

2

Explanation:

Scientists engage in peer reviews to avoid bias, Science is a blend of logic and innovation and Scientific ideas are not durable and cannot adjust to change as new data is collected. The correct options are 1,2, and 7.  

Peer reviews are used by scientists to ensure objectivity and reduce prejudice in their study. To create original ideas and hypotheses, scientists need both logical reasoning and creative thinking.

As scientists frequently interact, exchange ideas, and build on one another's work, it is a complex social endeavour. Understanding and making sense of the natural world is the central tenet of science.

Finally, scientists separate their personal beliefs from empirical evidence in order to stay as objective as possible in their research.

Thus, Scientists engage in peer reviews to avoid bias, Science is a blend of logic and innovation and Scientific ideas are not durable and cannot adjust to change as new data is collected. The correct options are 1,2, and 7.  

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The mean of the data set is approximately 4.0626, and the 90% confidence interval is [4.060925, 4.064275].

The sample mean (x) is calculated as follows:

x = (4.0620 + 4.0550 + 4.0650 + 4.0740 + 4.0550 + 4.0660) / 6

x ≈ 4.0626 (rounded to four decimal places)

The 90% confidence interval is calculated as follows;

Standard deviation (s):

(4.0620 - 4.0626)² = 0.00000036

(4.0550 - 4.0626)² = 0.00000576

(4.0650 - 4.0626)² = 0.00000006

(4.0740 - 4.0626)² = 0.00001328

(4.0550 - 4.0626)² = 0.00000576

(4.0660 - 4.0626)² = 0.00000012

average of the squared differences:

(0.00000036 + 0.00000576 + 0.00000006 + 0.00001328 + 0.00000576 + 0.00000012) / 6 ≈ 0.00000624

s = √(0.00000624)

s ≈ 0.002496

the standard error of the mean (SEM):

SEM = 0.002496 / √6

SEM ≈ 0.001018

For a 90% confidence interval, the z value is approximately 1.645.

ME = 1.645 * 0.001018 ≈ 0.001675

CI = x ± ME

CI = 4.0626 ± 0.001675

CI ≈ [4.060925, 4.064275]

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Answer:

In the given case, the pepper flakes are considered virus particles. One of the applications of the principle of "like dissolves like" is the behavior of hand sanitizers and soaps. The polar molecules like alcohols comprise -OH as the functional groups, which are fascinated towards the water, thus, producing robust intermolecular associations. In comparison, the nonpolar molecules like fats and oils, proteins comprise hydrocarbon groups, which are hydrophobic to water.

The active constituents of both hand sanitizers and soaps show the features of both nonpolar and polar regions in their molecular compositions. As a consequence, part of the molecule is fascinated by water, while some parts are attracted towards organic molecules like fats and proteins.

The virus particles are enveloped with different kinds of proteins and fats, so when soaps and hand sanitizers come in contact with the virus, the nonpolar regions of sanitizers and soaps get fascinated towards the coating, and efficiently pulls apart the virus composition.

In the given case, one can model the principle by assuming pepper flakes as virus particles, which are coated with fats and proteins, and thus are insoluble in water. After this, one can simultaneously see the effect of soaps and sanitizers by using them one by one.

Ether can only form one hydrogen bond per molecule.

We know that the hydrogen bond is the kind of bond that occurs when the dipole of water interacts with the dipole that is on another molecule. We can see this in a lot of hydrides of electronegative elements.

We can see that ether has only one electronegative atom and that is oxygen from the image that is shown in the answer. This oxygen atom can interact with the positive end of the dipole in only one water molecule at a time.

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The percent of water in the unknown sample is calculated as 57.3%.

Process of providing energy that is required to initiate a combustion process is called ignition.

mass of crucible + cover + unknown sample = 36.65 g

mass of crucible + cover = 34.12 g

mass of unknown sample = (36.65 g - 34.12 g) = 2.53 g

mass of water lost during ignition:

mass of unknown sample (before ignition) = 2.53 g

mass of unknown sample (after 1st weighing) = 35.67 g - 34.12 g = 1.55 g

mass of unknown sample (after 2nd weighing) = 35.23 g - 34.12 g = 1.11 g

mass of unknown sample (after 3rd weighing) = 35.20 g - 34.12 g = 1.08 g

total mass of water lost during ignition = (2.53 g - 1.08 g) = 1.45 g

As % water in unknown sample = (mass of water lost / mass of unknown sample) x 100%

= (1.45 g / 2.53 g) x 100%

% water in unknown sample = 57.3%

Therefore,  percent of water in the unknown sample is 57.3%.

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