you have a 10.40 g mixture of table sugar (c12h22o11: 342.39 g/mol) and table salt (nacl: 58.44 g/mol). when this mixture is dissolved in 150. g of water, the freezing point is found to be -2.24 °c. calculate the percent by mass of sugar in the original mixture. (assume the solids dissolve completely; kf (h2o)
15.10% is the percent by mass of sugar in the original mixture.
given;
sugar mass= 10.40 g
nacl mass= 58.44 g
mass% of sugar= 10.40/10.40+58.44
mass% of sugar=10.40÷68.84×100
mass% of sugar=15.10%
Mass conservation is one of the fundamental laws of chemistry. Every time a reaction occurs, the mass of the products entering the reaction and the mass of the products leaving the reaction are the same. The quantity of matter in an object is expressed in terms of mass. Typically, mass is expressed in kilograms (kg) or grams (g) (kg). No matter where in the universe it is or how much gravitational force is exerted on it, mass is a measure of how much matter there is. In contrast to an object's weight, which is a force that depends on gravity, an object's mass is constant regardless of the situation. Your mass on the moon and the earth are the same. You weigh roughly one-sixth as much on the moon as you do on the earth.
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The delocalized electrons in a long-chain polyene exist in quantum states that can be reasonably approximated by the particle in a one-dimensional box model. The length L of the box is the end-to-end distance. Suppose one such polymer has a length L
A "diene" could include one or more heteroatoms which replace unsaturated carbon atoms. Compounds that contain more than two double bonds are called polyenes.
In a long-chain polyene, the electrons are delocalized, meaning they are not confined to specific atoms but can move freely along the chain.
This delocalization can be reasonably approximated using the particle in a one-dimensional box model. In this model, the length L of the box represents the end-to-end distance of the polymer.
Polyunsaturated alkenes, or polyenes, are compounds that have several carbon-carbon double bonds.
The double bonds can be spaced out along the carbon chain, with several carbon-carbon single bonds separating them.
According to the Gold Book definition, a "diene" could include one or more heteroatoms which replace unsaturated carbon atoms, giving structures that could more specifically be called hetero dienes.
Compounds that contain more than two double bonds are called polyenes.
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The particle in a one-dimensional box model describes the quantized energy levels and corresponding wavefunctions of delocalized electrons in long-chain polyenes. The energy levels are determined by the length of the box (L), and they are given by the equation \(E_n = (n^2 * h^2)/(8mL^2)\), where n is the quantum number, h is Planck's constant, and m is the mass of the electron. Understanding these energy levels and wavefunctions helps us analyze the electronic properties and behavior of long-chain polyenes using quantum mechanics principles.
In a long-chain polyene, the delocalized electrons can be described using the particle in a one-dimensional box model. This model approximates the behavior of electrons as if they were confined to a one-dimensional space, similar to a particle in a box. The length of the box, denoted as L, represents the end-to-end distance of the polymer.
In this model, the energy levels of the electrons are quantized, meaning they can only have certain discrete energy values. These energy levels are determined by the size of the box (L). The longer the box, the greater the number of energy levels available.
The energy levels of the electrons in the box can be represented by a series of quantum states. Each state corresponds to a specific energy value and wavefunction. The wavefunctions describe the probability distribution of finding the electron in different regions of the box.
By solving the Schrödinger equation for a particle in a one-dimensional box, we can determine the allowed energy levels and corresponding wavefunctions. The energy levels are given by the equation:
\(E_n = (n^2 * h^2)/(8mL^2)\)
where \(E_n\) is the energy of the nth level, n is the quantum number (1, 2, 3, ...), h is Planck's constant, m is the mass of the electron, and L is the length of the box.
By understanding the energy levels and wavefunctions, we can gain insights into the electronic properties of long-chain polyenes and their behavior in terms of quantum mechanics.
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Chemical energy isstored in substances(potential energy) butcan be stored orreleased during a _____. I don't know what goes into the blank
Answer:
Chemical Reaction.
hope this helps!
Question 34
The fissionable fuel in all US nuclear reactors is:
a. Plutonium
b. Thorium
c. Uranium
d. tritium
The use of thorium and tritium in nuclear energy production. Thorium is a naturally occurring radioactive metal that can be used as a fuel in nuclear reactors. It is considered to be a safer and more abundant alternative to uranium, as it produces less radioactive waste and is more readily available. Answer is b
Thorium is not a fissile material and must be converted into uranium-233 through a process called breeding in order to be used as fuel.
Tritium, on the other hand, is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen that can be used in fusion reactions to produce energy. Fusion reactions involve combining atomic nuclei to release energy, and tritium is one of the fuels used in this process. However, tritium is difficult to produce and must be constantly replenished in order to sustain a fusion reaction.
Both thorium and tritium have the potential to provide clean and sustainable sources of energy. Further research and development are needed to make these technologies commercially viable and safe for widespread use.
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At what temperature will the volume of a gas be a, halved b, doubled c, tripled at constant pressure if the original temperature is 17 degree celsius
Recall Charles law
volume of a gas is directly proportional to temperatureSo
#a
Volume is halved means Temperature is halved
T=17/2T=8.5°C#b
Volume is doubled means temperature is doubled
T=2(17)T=34°C#c
Volume is tripled means temperature is trippled
T=3(17)T=51°CAnswer:
8.5 °C34 °C51 °CExplanation:
The relation between temperature and volume at constant pressure is given by Charles Law.
Scenario 1 : Volume is halved
⇒ Let initial volume be V
⇒ \(\frac{V}{17} = \frac{0.5V}{T}\)
⇒ T = 17 × 0.5
⇒ T = 8.5 °C
Scenario 2 : Volume is doubled
⇒ \(\frac{V}{17} = \frac{2V}{T}\)
⇒ T = 17 × 2
⇒ T = 34 °C
Scenario 3 : Volume is tripled
⇒ \(\frac{V}{17} = \frac{3V}{T}\)
⇒ T = 17 × 3
⇒ T = 51 °C
For the reaction CH3COOH→CH3COO– + H+, which statement is true?
CH3COOH is a Brønsted-Lowry base.
CH3COO– is an Arrhenius base.
CH3COOH is a Brønsted-Lowry acid.
CH3COO– is a Lewis base
4. Positive electric charges are always attracted to-____ charges.
Answer: Negatively
Explanation:
Answer:
Negative charges
Explanation:
like magnets attract only their opposite poles, the charges behave in the same way.
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What type of ignition occurs when a mixture of fuel and oxygen encounter an external heat source with sufficient heat?
The ignition occurs when a mixture of fuel & oxygen encounter an external heat source with sufficient heat Piloted ignition.
What is Piloted ignition?When a volatile fuel is close to a nearby local energy source (pilot) and reaches its lower limit of flammability in air, piloted ignition may be possible. The flame that originates in the premixed system spreads outward from the pilot. The first law of thermodynamics for systems with fixed mass only describes the energetics of this process.
Definition of thermodynamicsThe science of thermodynamics examines how heat, work, temperature, and energy are related. The general topic of thermodynamics is the transfer of energy from one location or form to another. The fundamental idea is that heat is a type of energy that is equivalent to a specific quantity of mechanical labor.
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A solution of NaCl was prepared in the following manner: 0.0842 g of NaCl is massed out on an analytical balance. The solid is transferred to a 25.00 mL volumetric flask. Deionized water is added to the flask such that the bottom of the meniscus is at the line. A 1.00 mL aliquot of the stock solution is transferred to a 50.00 mL volumetric flask using a volumetric pipet and diluted to volume. 6. Calculate the concentration of NaCl in the resulting solution in mg/L NaCl. (answer = 67.4 mg/L) 7. Calculate the concentration of NaCl in the resulting solution using propagation of error through the calculation. Use the manufacturer's tolerance values as the absolute error. The tolerances can be found in Chapter 2 of the Harris text. Assume a Class 1 balance and Class A glassware. Treat the tolerances as random error. (answer = 67.4+0.4 mg/L) 8. Identify 2 possible sources of random (indeterminate) error. Identify 2 possible sourses of systematic (determinate) error.
Two possible sources of systematic (determinate) error in the experiment are; Incorrect calibration of volumetric glasswareIncorrect mass of NaCl
To calculate the concentration of NaCl in the resulting solution in mg/L NaCl, we can use the formula; Concentration (mg/L) = (Mass of solute ÷ Volume of solution in L) × 1000 g / 1 mg NaCl is present in the stock solution of 25 mL. So, the mass of NaCl in the solution would be;0.0842 g ÷ 25 mL = 0.00337 g/mL. Now, in the resulting solution, a 1.00 mL aliquot of the stock solution is transferred to a 50.00 mL volumetric flask and diluted to volume. Therefore, the volume of the resulting solution is 50.00 mL. We will substitute these values in the formula, Concentration (mg/L) = (0.00337 g/mL ÷ 50 mL) × 1000 g / 1 mg concentration (mg/L) = 67.4 mg/L. Therefore, the concentration of NaCl in the resulting solution in mg/L NaCl is 67.4 mg/L.7. Concentration = 67.4 mg/LTolerance = 4.28 mg/LTotal concentration = 67.4 + 4.28 mg/L = 71.68 mg/LWe round off this value to one decimal place; Total concentration = 71.7 mg/LTherefore, the concentration of NaCl in the resulting solution using propagation of error through the calculation is 67.4+0.4 mg/L.8. Two possible sources of random (indeterminate) error in the experiment are; Errors in temperature measurement. Errors in measurement of water volume. Two possible sources of systematic (determinate) error in the experiment are; Incorrect calibration of volumetric glasswareIncorrect mass of NaCl.
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If the rate law for the reaction
2A + 3B --> products
is second order in A and first order in B, then the rate law is rate = ___.
If the reaction is second order in A and first order in B, the rate law for the reaction 2A + 3B --> products can be written as:
rate = k[A]^2[B]^1
where k is the rate constant, [A] represents the concentration of A, and [B] represents the concentration of B.
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This question is about neutralisation. A student is planning an investigation to find out the pH of a range of household substance to determine whether each is acidic, alkaline or neutral. The five substances to be tested are: Lemon juice Pure water Shampoo Milk Name a suitable indicator that could be used in this investigation and describe how it shows the pH of each substance to be determined. Universal Indicator Suggest a safety precaution the student must take during this investigation. Give two ways in which the student can make sure this is a fair test.
Suitable Indicator: Universal Indicator is a suitable indicator that could be used in this investigation. Universal Indicator is a mixture of several indicators that produces a range of colors at different pH values. It changes color gradually from red at low pH (acidic) to purple at high pH (alkaline). By adding a few drops of Universal Indicator to each of the five substances, the student can observe the color change and determine whether each substance is acidic, alkaline or neutral.
Safety Precaution: The student should wear safety goggles to protect their eyes in case of accidental contact with any of the substances being tested. Some of these substances, such as shampoo, can be irritating to the eyes, and it is important to take precautions to prevent injury.
Fair Test: To ensure that this is a fair test, the student should:
Use the same amount of each substance: The student should measure out the same amount of each substance to ensure that the test is fair and the results are comparable.
Use the same concentration of Universal Indicator: The student should use the same concentration of Universal Indicator for each substance to ensure that the test is fair. This will help to ensure that any differences in color are due to differences in pH, rather than differences in the concentration of the indicator.
when 0.224 g of sodium metal is added to an excess of hydrochloric acid, 2330 j of heat are produced. what is the enthalpy of the reaction as written? 2na(s) 2hcl(aq)⟶2nacl(aq) h2(g)
The enthalpy of the reaction as written is approximately 239,306 J/mol.
To calculate the enthalpy of the reaction, we need to use the heat released (2330 J) and the amount of sodium reacted (0.224 g) to determine the heat released per mole of sodium reacted.
The molar mass of sodium (Na) is 22.99 g/mol.
First, we need to calculate the number of moles of sodium reacted:
Number of moles of Na = Mass of Na / Molar mass of Na
Number of moles of Na = 0.224 g / 22.99 g/mol ≈ 0.00974 mol
Next, we can calculate the enthalpy change (ΔH) per mole of sodium reacted:
ΔH = Heat released / Number of moles of Na
ΔH = 2330 J / 0.00974 mol ≈ 239306 J/mol
Enthalpy (H) is a thermodynamic property that represents the total heat content of a system at constant pressure. It includes the internal energy of the system plus the product of pressure and volume. Enthalpy is often used to describe heat changes in chemical reactions, where the difference in enthalpy between the reactants and products determines whether a reaction is exothermic (releases heat) or endothermic (absorbs heat). Enthalpy is typically measured in joules (J) or kilojoules (kJ).
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Which statement best describes DNA?
(A) It can be found in every living cell.
B It can be found only in specialized
cells.
© It can be found only in cells with a
nucleus.
D It can be found only when cells are
dividing.
Answer:
Found in every living cell
what turns colour in an acid and base
Answer:
Chemists use a solution called Universal Indicator to identify acids and bases. ... The Universal Indicator Color Guide shows that Universal Indicator turns red when it is added to a strong acid, it turns purple when it is added to a strong base, and it turns a yellowish-green when it is added to a neutral solution.
Explanation:
Answer:
Phenolphthalein
Explanation:
when 100 ml of 0.16 m naf is added to 100 ml of 0.16 m hf, relative to the ph of the 0.10 m hf solution the ph of the resulting solution will
As 100 ml of 0.16 m naf and 100 ml of 0.16 m hf are combined, the resulting solution's pH rises when compared to the 0.10 m hf solution.
What does pH stand for?a metric for determining how basic or acidic a thing or solution is. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. A pH value of 7 is considered neutral on this scale, meaning it is neither acid nor basic. It's more acidic if the pH value is below 7, and more basic if the pH value is above 7.
What is a typical pH value?The pH scale goes from 0 (very acidic) to 14 (neutral) (strongly basic or alkaline). The neutral range on this scale has a pH of 7.0. Blood typically has a pH range of 7.35 to 7.45, making it mildly basic.
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the k-40/ar-40 radioactive decay reaction has a half-life of 1.25 billion years. earth has an age of 4.54 billion years, which would be around 3.6 half-lives for this reaction. would it be possible to use this method to establish the age of a meteorite if the rocky material of that meteorite is as old as the earth - and why?
It would not be possible to use the K-40/Ar-40 radioactive decay method to establish the age of a meteorite if the rocky material of the meteorite is as old as the Earth.
The reason is that the K-40/Ar-40 decay system has a half-life of 1.25 billion years, which is significantly shorter than the age of the Earth (4.54 billion years). After 3.6 half-lives, the amount of K-40 remaining in the meteorite would be too small to accurately measure, making it unreliable for age determination.
The K-40/Ar-40 decay system is commonly used for dating rocks and minerals. The decay of K-40 into Ar-40 occurs over time, and by measuring the ratio of K-40 to Ar-40, the age of the sample can be estimated. However, since the half-life of K-40 is 1.25 billion years, after 3.6 half-lives (which corresponds to approximately 4.5 billion years), only a small fraction of the original K-40 would remain.
In order to use this method to establish the age of a meteorite that is as old as the Earth, there needs to be a sufficient amount of K-40 remaining in the sample. However, after 3.6 half-lives, the remaining K-40 would be too scarce to provide reliable age information.
Therefore, for dating purposes, other isotopic systems with longer half-lives are typically used for samples that are as old as or older than the Earth.
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What eventually happens to a gas if its pressure is increased?
Answer:
According to Boyle's law pressure of a particular amount of gas is inversely proportional to the volume of the gas.So, when we increase the pressure of the gas the volume of the gas decrease and the gas start to condense.Thus if the pressure of a gas increases it starts to condense.Explanation:
Hope It Helps!!!!
Answer:
See belwo
Explanation:
First it becomes a compressed gas.... further pressure will cause it to condense into a liquid.
True or false: Organisms of the same species are identical
Answer:
According to biological spices concept, organisms belong to the same spices if they can interbreed viable, fertile offsprings.
8- Which one of the following statements is correct? A. The value of Kc gives us the rate of reaction. B. Kc never has units. C. Kc does not depend on temperature. D. When Kc is very large, there are more products formed.
The proper supplied statement is that more products are created when Kc value is very large.
Does the KC value provide us with the reaction rate?The equilibrium constant is Kc. Only the extent of reactions at equilibrium is provided; no information regarding reaction rates is provided.
What does the KC value mean?Its equilibrium value At a specific temperature, the reaction will advance a certain amount, or Kc. 8.2. Products dominate reactants when Kc is greater than 1. (at equilibrium). When there are many more than 1, the reaction essentially ends. More reactants than products are created when Kc is less than 1.
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Why is creativity important in scientific investigations?
a. Creative solutions are often needed to solve technical problems.
b. Scientists need to creatively adjust their data to prove their hypothesis.
c. There is no way to test a hypothesis, so creativity is necessary.
d. Most scientific experiments have no data.
Answer:
a. Creative solutions are often needed to solve technical problems.
Explanation:
Science in itself is a voyage of discovery. Scientific investigators focusing on various issues are often working hard to find creative solutions to complex technical problems.
In order to find solutions to all these problems bedeviling humanity, scientific investigators must be quite creative. Creativity is always at the bedrock of finding solutions to the complex technical problems of the world which happens to be the ultimate goal of science.
Hence, creativity is indispensable in scientific investigation and creative solutions are often needed to solve technical problems.
Answer:
a. Creative solutions are often needed to solve technical problems
Explanation:
Scientific investigation is the process using the scientific method which consists of empirical techniques in obtaining answers to question raised and used for driving the investigation
The scientist carrying out the investigation into the new area, is therefore required to be creative in adapting the available resources in answering the questions based on the scientific method
In the future what two planets will earth resemble?
Answer:
Venus and Mars?
Explanation:
5
Julia made a model of a cell in a clear plastic zipper bag. She used a marble for the nucleus and pinto beans for mitochondria.
Which of the following options would be best for making her model more like a plant cell?
A. Take the marble out of the bag.
B. Put the bag inside a clear plastic box.
c. Take the pinto beans out of the bag.
D. Put the bag inside a larger clear plastic bag.
Reset
Submit
The option that would be best for making Julia model look more like a plant cell is putting the bag inside a larger clear plastic bag.
What is a cell?A cell is the basic and functional unit of life. Every living organism is made up of one or more cells.
However, a plant cell is morphologically different from an animal cell. One of the major differences is that a plant cell posseses a cell wall that protects the cell.
According to this question, Julia made a model of a cell in a clear plastic zipper bag. She used a marble for the nucleus and pinto beans for mitochondria.
Therefore, the option that would be best for making Julia model look more like a plant cell is putting the bag inside a larger clear plastic bag which will represent the cell wall.
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Mass connects which two things?
Mass connects: Matter and Energy.
Explanation:
Hope this answer helps.
Mass connects matter and energy.
What does mass connect?Mass relates matter with energy.
In the law of conservation of mass, matter and energy can also effectively function.
Mass can neither be created nor destroyed in reactions. Neither is matter and energy.
Thus, the three quantities are related in a 3-dimensional way. Mass can be converted to matter and energy and vice versa.
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how can you use the information from the sim to respond to the forum user?Please help
Answer:
The forum user pointed out that energy began transferring into the lake as ... How can you use the information from the Sim to respond to the blogger
Explanation:
Is a long-coiled tube where most of the digestion takes place
Answer:
I'm guessing the alimentary canal
What is the ph of an aqueous solution with a hydrogen ion concentration of [h ]=1. 8×10−6 m?[h ]=1. 8×10−6 m? ph=
The pH of an aqueous solution with a hydrogen ion concentration of [H⁺] = 1.8×10⁻⁶ M is 5.74.
The pH of an aqueous solution with a hydrogen ion concentration of [H⁺] = 1.8×10⁻⁶ M can be determined using the pH scale. The pH scale is a logarithmic scale that measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. It ranges from 0 to 14, where pH 7 is considered neutral, values below 7 are acidic, and values above 7 are alkaline.
To find the pH of the solution, we can use the equation: pH = -log[H⁺]. In this case, [H⁺] = 1.8×10⁻⁶ M. Plugging this value into the equation, we get: pH = -log(1.8×10⁻⁶).
Using a scientific calculator or the logarithm function, we can calculate the pH. After calculating, we find that the pH of the solution is approximately 5.74.
Therefore, an aqueous solution with a hydrogen ion concentration of [H⁺] = 1.8×10⁻⁶ M has a pH of 5.74. This indicates that the solution is slightly acidic, as it is below the neutral pH of 7.
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At what degree of sloping dose soil erosion begin to taper off
There is no specific threshold or degree of slope steepness at which soil erosion abruptly begins to taper off
Soil erosion is influenced by various factors, including slope steepness, rainfall intensity, soil characteristics, vegetation cover, and land management practices. As slope steepness increases, the potential for soil erosion generally increases due to the gravitational force acting on the eroded materials. However, there is no specific threshold or degree of slope steepness at which soil erosion abruptly begins to taper off. The relationship between slope steepness and soil erosion is generally non-linear. At low slope angles, soil erosion tends to be minimal as the gravitational force is relatively weak. As the slope angle increases, soil erosion typically increases exponentially due to the increased force of gravity. Eventually, as the slope steepness continues to increase, soil erosion may reach a point of maximum potential where the erodibility of the soil and other factors become limiting factors. Beyond this point, the rate of soil erosion may start to taper off, but it does not completely stop. Instead, it may stabilize or decrease slightly compared to the maximum erosion potential observed at steeper slopes.
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Read the following summary, which describes blood flow and heart output in space. Then, answer the question.
The heart doesn't have to do as much work to pump blood when in orbit. After only one day beyond Earth's gravity, astronauts have a lower blood volume. They can lose as much as 20 percent of their blood volume while on a space mission. Since the body has less blood to push around and the heart is pushing more blood with each beat, an astronaut's heart rate also slows down to compensate.
What process is being described?
a
Breathing
b
Excretion
c
Homeostasis
d
Respiration
explain why aluminium oxide must be molten for electrolysis to take place.
Answer:
The extraction is done by electolysis but first the aluminium oxide must be melted so that electricity can pass through it...The use of molten cryolite as a solvent reduces some of the Energy
costs involved in extracting aluminum by allowing the ions in aluminum oxide to move freely at low temperature ..
Who is responsible for the impacts of overfishing?
Answer:
Japan, China, the U.S., Indonesia, Chinese Taipei and South Korea have been named by Pew Charitable Trusts on a “shame list” of countries responsible for overfishing tuna in the Pacific. According to Pew, the “Pacific 6” are responsible for 80 percent — 111,482 metric tons in 2011 — of the annual catch of bigeye tuna.
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