what is polling in chemistry?​

Answer:

protons-20

neutrons- 20

electrons-20

Sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) are the largest dissolved components in ocean water due to the abundance of sodium and chloride ions in the Earth's crust and the continuous input of these elements into the oceans through various processes. Sodium is one of the most common elements in the Earth's crust, and chlorine is widely distributed in rocks, minerals, and salts.

Over millions of years, weathering of rocks, volcanic activity, and erosion release these elements into rivers and ultimately into the oceans. The combination of sodium and chlorine ions results in the formation of sodium chloride, which is commonly known as table salt and contributes to the salinity of seawater.

The most abundant dissolved gas in ocean water is carbon dioxide (CO2). Carbon dioxide dissolves in the surface waters of the ocean through gas exchange with the atmosphere. It plays a crucial role in regulating the pH of seawater and is an essential component of the carbon cycle. Carbon dioxide is involved in various biological and chemical processes in the ocean, including photosynthesis by marine plants and the formation of calcium carbonate shells by marine organisms. Additionally, the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide due to human activities has led to ocean acidification, which is a significant concern for marine ecosystems.

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Due to the fact that they combine to form the ionic compound sodium chloride (NaCl), also known as salt, sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) are the two most abundant dissolved elements in ocean water.

Thus, Salts are among the many dissolved compounds that water from rivers and streams transports into the ocean.

In particular, sodium and chloride ions have accumulated in the ocean throughout time, leading to the high concentration of these elements in seawater. Magnesium, calcium, potassium, and sulphate ions are among the other dissolved substances in ocean water.

Oxygen  is the dissolved gas that is most prevalent in ocean water.

Thus, Due to the fact that they combine to form the ionic compound sodium chloride (NaCl), also known as salt, sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) are the two most abundant dissolved elements in ocean water.

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Anything that includes water as a solvent is called an aqueous solution.

Liquids and solids have fixed volumes because their particles are packed tightly and have little free space to move around.

When pressure is applied, the particles in these materials are forced closer together, but because of their fixed positions, they cannot move closer to each other. The result is that the volume remains constant.

The behavior of liquids and solids is different from gases, which are compressible and have variable volumes that can change when pressure is applied. This is because the particles in a gas have much more free space to move around and can be easily compressed or expanded by pressure.

It is important to note that while the volume of a liquid or solid may not change when pressure is applied, the density of the material can change. Increasing pressure can cause the particles to become more closely packed, increasing the material's density.

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Answer:

B

Explanation:

Its nucleus is identical to an alpha particle, and consists of two protons and two neutrons. Alpha decay of heavy elements in the Earth's crust is the source of most naturally occurring helium-4 on Earth, produced after the planet cooled and solidified.

Answer: B. An Alpha particles

As helium is consist of 2 protons and 2 neutrons

Alpha particles, also consist of 2 protons and 2 neutrons bound together into a particle that's why identical to a helium-4 nucleus.

Answer: Na

Explanation:

on the left it says Na, and on the right it says Na2

Answer:

\(\huge\boxed{\sf 36\ H\ atoms}\)

Explanation:

Molecular formula from Glucose:

C₆H₁₂O₆

3 moles of Glucose:

3C₆H₁₂O₆

In 1 mole of Glucose, there are 12 hydrogen atoms.

In 3 moles:

= 12 × 3

= 36 H atoms

\(\rule[225]{225}{2}\)

Answer:

Background

Solids – relatively rigid, definite volume and shape. In a solid, the atoms and molecules are attached to each other. ...

Liquids – definite volume but able to change shape by flowing. In a liquid, the atoms and molecules are loosely bonded. ...

Gases – no definite volume or shape

Partial, older osteons are cylindrical structures that are found between newer, more complete osteons. These structures, also known as fragments,

consist of concentric layers of lamellae surrounding a central canal, or Haversian canal.

The lamellae and the Haversian canal are formed during the process of osteon remodeling, which involves the removal of old osteons and their replacement with new ones.

The fragments of old osteons that remain in the matrix between new osteons are referred to as “intermediate,” “intermediate osteons,” or “partial osteons.”

They can be distinguished from the newer, complete osteons by their decreased size and lack of a central Haversian canal.

Partial osteons are important for a number of reasons. They help maintain the structural integrity of the bone, provide additional strength and stability, and increase the bone’s resistance to compressive and tensile stresses.

Partial osteons also act as an area of interface between two different age groups of osteons, allowing them to resist shear forces.

Finally, the presence of partial osteons in the bone matrix may increase the rate of healing after fracture or trauma.

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Answer: The molarity of the K2CO3 solution is 0.625 M.

Explanation: To find the molarity of a solution, you need to know the moles of solute and the volume of the solution in liters. Here's how to solve the problem:

Calculate the moles of K2CO3 using its given mass and molar mass:

moles = mass / molar mass = 93.1 g / 136.21 g/mol = 0.682 mol

Calculate the volume of the solution in liters:

volume = 1.09 L

Calculate the molarity of the solution using the moles and volume:

molarity = moles / volume = 0.682 mol / 1.09 L = 0.625 M

The missing word is "oxygen". Elements are the simplest form of matter that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.

In order to speed up a fire to create an explosion, you need to provide more oxygen to the combustion process. The reaction between fuel and oxygen produces heat and gases, which cause the fire to grow and spread. By regulating the amount of oxygen available and how closely it's packed together with other elements, you can control the rate of the reaction and the intensity of the fire. If the oxygen supply is suddenly increased or the fuel is densely packed, the fire can quickly become an explosion due to the sudden release of energy.

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Answer:

Immiscible liquids

Explanation:

Immiscible comes from two words; 'im' indicating a negation or a contradiction; and 'miscere' meaning to mix.

Putting the words together, immiscible means not able to mix.

A spring tide represents a natural process where more energy is produced when compared to other days in order to turn a turbine.

A renewable energy can be defined as any source of energy that is reversibly obtained from the nature.

In conclusion, a spring tide represents a natural process where more energy is produced compared to other days in order to turn a turbine.

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Answer:

C. during a spring tide

Explanation:

:D

The equilibrium constant for the given reaction at a temperature of 256.0 K is \(1.24 * 10^{-6}\).

The given reaction is :

\(NH_4Cl (aq) + NH_3 (g)\) ⇌ \(NH_4+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) + H_2O (l)\)

with an enthalpy change of 86.4 kJ and entropy change of 79.1 J/K.

The equilibrium constant (K) of the reaction can be calculated using the equation: ΔG = -RT ln K.

Converting the entropy change from J/K to kJ/K, we get ΔS° = 0.0791 kJ/K.

Converting the enthalpy change to kJ/mol, we get ΔH° = 0.0864 kJ/mol.

Now, calculate the Gibbs free energy change at  temperature:

ΔG° = ΔH° - TΔS°.

Substituting the values, we get ΔG° = -5.942 kJ/mol.

Using the equation ΔG = -RT ln K, we get:

\(K = e^{(-\Delta G/RT)}\).

Substituting the values, we get K = \(1.24 * 10^{-6}\).

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Answer:

increase in going from left to right across a given period.

Explanation:

Nonmetals, which are found in the right-hand region of the periodic table, have relatively large ionization energies and therefore tend to gain electrons. Ionization energies generally increase in going from left to right across a given period.

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In the crystalized form of aluminum sulfate, Al₂(SO₄)₃xH₂O, the value of x which represents the molecules of water is approximately 6.

The formula mass of Al₂(SO₄)₃ can be calculated as follows:

Al = 2 x 26.98 = 53.96 g/mol

S = 3 x 32.06 = 96.18 g/mol

O = 12 x 16.00 = 192.00 g/mol

Total formula mass = 53.96 + 96.18 + 192.00 = 342.14 g/mol

The relative formula mass of hydrated aluminum sulfate is 666, so the mass of water in the formula can be calculated as:

mass of water = 666 - 342.14 = 323.86 g/mol

Since the formula for water is H₂O, the number of water molecules in the formula can be calculated as:

number of H₂O molecules = 323.86/18.02 = 17.92

Since there are 3 sulfate ions in the formula, the number of water molecules per sulfate ion can be calculated as:

number of H₂O per sulfate = 17.92/3 = 5.97

Therefore, the value of x in the formula  Al₂(SO₄)₃xH₂O is 6 (rounded up).

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Answer:

Because X-rays have wavelengths similar to the size of atoms

X rays are used to probe the crystal structure of a material because this have same wavelength as atoms of crystal have.

X rays are the type of electromagnetic radiations and it is produced when the fast moving electron collide with the target anode and sudden deceleration takes place.

X rays have the high energy so that it easily penetrate in any crystal molecule as they also have same wavelength as atoms of the crystals have.

Hence due to high energy and same wavelength was of atoms of crystal it is used to probe the crystal.

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The pH of the solution made with 2.49 mol of barium hydroxide fully dissolved in 1.00 L of distilled water is 4.57.  

To determine the pH of a solution, we need to know the hydrogen ion ([H⁺) concentration of the solution. The pH scale is a measure of the concentration of [H⁺ ions in a solution, with 0 being highly acidic, 7 being neutral, and 14 being highly basic.

The formula for calculating the pH of a solution is:

pH = -log[[H⁺]

Where [[H⁺] is the concentration of H+ ions in the solution.

The pH of the solution made with 2.49 mol of barium hydroxide fully dissolved in 1.00 L of distilled water is 4.57.  

To calculate the concentration of [H⁺ions in a solution, we can use the formula:

[H⁺] = [OH⁻] / [H₂O]

Where [OH⁻] is the concentration of hydroxide ions in the solution and [H₂O] is the concentration of water in the solution.

We can use the given information to calculate the concentration of hydroxide ions and water in the solution.

[OH⁻] = [Ba(OH)₂]/[H₂O] = (2.49 mol * 12.01 g/mol) / (1.00 L * 18.01 g/mol) = 0.0405 mol/L

[H₂O] = (1.00 L * 18.01 g/mol) / (1.00 L * 18.01 g/mol) = 1.00 mol/L

Substituting these values into the formula for [H⁺], we get:

pH = -log[H⁺] = -log(0.0405 mol/L) = 4.57

Therefore, the pH of the solution made with 2.49 mol of barium hydroxide fully dissolved in 1.00 L of distilled water is 4.57.  

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Answer:

Physical Properties

1. Metals are shiny but most non - metals lack this property.

2. Metals are able to deform under compression (malleable) but most non - metals lack this property.

Chemical Properties

1. Metals are good conductorsof heat and electricity but most non - metals are insulators.

2. Metals, when exposed to water atmospheric oxygen tend to rust but non - metals lack this chemical property

The heat transfer (q) required for the evaporation of 497 g of water at the given temperature is approximately 1,124.33 kJ.

The heat transfer (q) for the evaporation of a substance can be calculated using the equation q = m * ΔHv, where q is the heat transfer, m is the mass of the substance, and ΔHv is the enthalpy of vaporization. The enthalpy of vaporization for water is approximately 40.7 kJ/mol. To determine the heat transfer for the given mass of water (497 g), we need to convert the mass into moles.

The molar mass of water (H2O) is approximately 18 g/mol, so we can calculate the number of moles as follows:

moles = mass / molar mass

moles = 497 g / 18 g/mol

moles ≈ 27.61 mol

Now, we can calculate the heat transfer using the equation:

q = moles * ΔHv

q = 27.61 mol * 40.7 kJ/mol

q ≈ 1,124.33 kJ

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If 1.90 g of silver are produced from the reaction, then 0.0176 moles of copper(II) nitrate are also produced.

A chemical reaction occurs when moving molecules hit each other, breaking their bonds and producing an exchange of atoms that form new products. Another way a chemical reaction can occur is through the vibration of substances; when they do so with sufficient energy, they can be broken down into smaller molecules.

we need to use the balanced chemical equation,

3Cu(NO3)2 + 2Al → 3Cu + 2Al(NO3)3

we can see that 3 moles of Cu(NO3)2 react with 2 moles of Al to produce 3 moles of Cu. Therefore, the molar ratio of Cu(NO3)2 to Cu is 3:3 or 1:1.

m(Ag) = 1.90 g

M(Ag) = 107.87 g/mol

n(Ag) = m(Ag) / M(Ag)

n(Ag) = 1.90 g / 107.87 g/mol

n(Ag) = 0.0176 mol

The molar ratio of Cu(NO3)2 to Cu is 1:1, the moles of Cu produced in the reaction is also 0.0176 mol. So, the number of moles of Cu(NO3)2 produced is also 0.0176 mol.

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Answer:

3.33 mol

Explanation:

1 g of oxygen is 0.062502343837894 mol

53.3 * 0.062502343837894

3.3313749265597505 mol

The theoretical yield of alum in this reaction is 7.54 grams.

To determine the theoretical yield of alum in the given reaction, we need to consider the stoichiometry of the reaction and the initial amount of KOH. By using the stoichiometric ratios, we can calculate the moles of alum produced and then convert it to the theoretical yield in grams.

The stoichiometric ratios of the reaction show that for every 2 moles of KOH, 1 mole of alum is produced.

Given that the initial amount of KOH is 22.8 mL of a 1.39 M solution, we can calculate the moles of KOH using the formula: moles = volume (L) × concentration (M).

Then, we convert the moles of KOH to moles of alum using the stoichiometric ratio of 2:1. Finally, we convert the moles of alum to grams using the molar mass of alum, which is 474.38 g/mol.

First, calculate the moles of KOH: moles of KOH = 22.8 mL × 1 L/1000 mL × 1.39 mol/L = 0.0317 mol.

Next, determine the moles of alum produced by multiplying the moles of KOH by the stoichiometric ratio: moles of alum = 0.0317 mol KOH × (1 mol alum / 2 mol KOH) = 0.0159 mol alum.

Finally, convert the moles of alum to grams by multiplying by the molar mass of alum: theoretical yield of alum = 0.0159 mol alum × 474.38 g/mol = 7.54 g alum.

Therefore, the theoretical yield of alum in this reaction is 7.54 grams.

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Answer:

Formal

Explanation:

Answer:

I think its formal because the question looks a bit fancy by using all the present perfect tense..

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Most of water's unique features (for example, its versatility as a solvent, ability to moderate temperature, and cohesive behavior) result from the fact that it is a polar molecule.

This means that water has a partial positive charge on one end and a partial negative charge on the other, allowing it to form hydrogen bonds with other polar molecules and creating properties such as surface tension, high heat capacity, and the ability to dissolve a wide range of substances.

such as its versatility as a solvent, ability to moderate temperature, and cohesive behavior, result from the fact that water molecules form hydrogen bonds with each other. These hydrogen bonds give water its unique properties and make it essential for life on Earth.

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